19

Abstract The energy loss in electric motors, electric heaters,

and lighting operated by electric energy, and in the conductor

resistance of electric wire, are generated due to irregular move-

ment of electrons caused by heat and vibration.

Synthetic infrared rays mitigate the vibration of electrons, one

of the reasons causing energy loss, by relieving the friction of

electrons. Therefore, they stabilize electric systems and reduce

power consumption by maximizing the efficiency of electric en-

ergy. To change the property of electron movement, an energy

source which can be a particular wave is needed. The particular

wave is made by visible light at 500nm~600nm and infrared rays

at 1,000nm ~ 10,000nm, using infrared and visible light filters

which adjust light intensity. When the wave, stored in a semi-

conductor, flows into electric wire, it can reduce Joule heat by

mitigating the collision of spinning electrons. Therefore, the de-

crease in specific resistance of the conductor improves conduc-

tivity, and electric resistance caused by mobile electrons is re-

duced so it significantly affects electric energy by Joule heat. The

basic experiment resulted in a 10 to 15% electric energy reduc-

tion by using a developed photosynthetic irradiation facility to

generate these particular infrared rays, and semiconductor or

supplying equipment to store the synthetic infrared wave. The

research has been carried out by experiments based on theory

until now; however, the correlation between the change of elec-

tron movement and energy efficiency, synthetic wave and ca-

pacity of power consumption will be continuously researched.

Index Terms Electric Energy Efficiency, Infrared Rays,

electric resistance, semiconductor.

I. INTRODUCTION

There are factors of energy loss such as heat and vibration

in electromotor, electric heater or lightings, which uses electric

energy for operation, as well as the conductor resistance in

electric cable path due to the irregular movement of the elec-

tron. For the vibration of the electron that becomes the factor

of energy loss, shine infrared ray synthetic wavelength, that is

the infrared ray (light) and visible light of specific range over

the semiconductor and make the wavelength flow over the

electric cable to relieve the crash of the electron that makes

spinning movement (changing the moving direction and

characteristics) and to decrease the energy loss; relieve the

generation of frictional heat and heat vibration of the atom due

to the crash among atomic nucleus, bound electron and in-

ternal impurities existed in the conductor so as to decrease the

heat; make the flow of electrons in the electric goods smooth to

decrease the noise of magnetic field, in which the electron

generates, frictional noise and vibration and to change the

track of electrons flowing on the conductor as well decreasing

the fallen electrons and radio wave; relieve the frictional

power of the electron by using the circuit device that heightens

the efficiency of electric energy to stabilize the electric system

and maximize the electric energy efficiency decreasing the

electric power consumption.

II. SUBJECT

A. Theory, Material and Principle For electrical efficiency of

electric machine.

1) Theory

It is the plane figure of the charge distribution inside the

metal. + means the positive charge and electron strongly

bound to atomic nucleus, and - means the valence electron on

the outmost track of the atom which is not bound to any spe-

cific atom but moves freely. The electrons in the metal, ac-

cording to the electronic gas theory, crashes with heavy ion in

almost stationary state making successive move in every di-

rections, and the average distance between crashes is called

mean free path.

Figure 1.1 electron gas of metal

It is the plane figure of the charge distribution inside the

metal. + means the positive charge and electron strongly bound to atomic nucleus, and - means the valence electron on the outmost track of the atom which is not bound to any

specific atom but moves freely. The electrons in the metal,

according to the electronic gas theory, crashes with heavy ion

in almost stationary state making successive move in every

direction, and the average distance between crashes is called

mean free path. The electron has the mean speed in normal

state which is called drift speed.

Si-Hyung Cho1, Myeong-Ho Choi

2 , Young-Dae Kwon

3

1Si-Hyung Cho, Senior Professor, Central Education Institute of KEPCO, Seoul, Korea,

2Myeong-Ho Choi, Professor, CEI, ,

And 3Young-Dae Kwon, president of KSE Co. Ltd.

Preparation of Papers for the 3rd IEEE International Conference on

Industrial Informatics (INDIN 05)

20

If the size of electric field is E, then the acceleration

Em

ea

, so the electrons speed V becomes atVd

So the mean speed of the electron V becomes

tEm

e atVd

, ][u2

VS

m

E

vtE

m

e d

then u is electrons mobility.

If a conductor of +length L (m) has free electrons N, and the

time is T, the current passes in the unit time becomes I,

L

N

T

N eve I T

Lv and the current density becomes J ,

LA

Nnvnev

LA

N

A

I ev ,J

then [c/] is density of charge.

,J EEnenev ,ne then is conductiv-

ity.

A

LR

R

VA

L

VEAJA

,I

So, Ohms law is materialized.

In this way, the energy that electron gets from the electric

field is delivered to the ion every time it crashes with the

electron, and thereby the power is consumed when the electron

passes within the metal. The flow of current is the move of

electrons, and numerous electrons crash one by one, and the

energy of electrons becomes extinct and is emitted in heat. If

the wavelength of specific area is lighted on the electron, it

becomes in excited state decreasing the crash. There are two

factors of energy loss: irregular movement of the electron and

unbalance, but by removing the factors of electronic vibration,

we can stabilize the electric system and maximize the electric

energy efficiency decreasing the electric power consumption.

figure2.2 expanded electron movement

2) Material

The optical function of optical ceramic can be distinguished

a bit from the electronic function but they have something in

common. Including the single crystal, glass-ceramic poly

crystal and thin film poly crystal, the optical functions are as in

the table 2.1.

Table2.1 optical functions of optical ceramic

light-extinction TiN, TiC, CaF2, CoO

fluorescence

laser semiconductor ,light emitting

diode, solid laser(YAG),

fluorescence paints

light-absorbing heat-resisting(Al2O3, BeO, Y2O3)

electrode(SnO2, In2O3)

electro-optical PLZT, LiNbO3 single crystal

optical reflection glass of heat reflection , coating

application light glass, oxide thin-film , LiNbO3

The organization of the glass-crystal is composed of fine

crystal particle and the light is dispersed in the particle system.

Recently, as the research for the sintering technology and ad-

ditives such as fine particles and high equalization of raw

material powder and hot press has been preceded,

light-absorbing ferroelectric ceramic, which is represented by

anti-heat, light-absorbing and PLZT was developed. The

chemical formula of PLZT is represented by

3

41

1X-1 ))((Pb OTiZrLa XyyX

and the formation is represented by x/1-y/y. PLZT Ceramic

has the features of lifespan such as ferroelectricity, visible

radiation and infrared rays. The electro optics positive number

r of PLZT Ceramic is 6~40 times bigger than LiNbO3, and is

also available for optical strength modulation absorbed by the

forced transition with anti-ferroelectric phase (lifespan) and

ferroelectric phase(high dispersion) if the electric field is ap-

proved . The effect is used in optic modulation element, optic

ceramic, video mark accumulation element, optical memory,

etc. Besides, PLZT Ceramic can form volatile space charge

electric field with optic investigation or change the other re-

fraction rate or optic absorption rate, and is used for video

mark accumulation device, optic memory element.

3) Background of Theory

a) Photoelectric effect

The light and electron often makes various phenomena by

combining each other. For example, photoelectric effect or

radiation upon electric discharge. As in the figure below, if the

light is on the A metal, the electron comes out from A and goes

into the other electrode B making the current I flow. This

phenomenon is called photoelectric effect, and the electron

comes out by the light is called photoelectron.

21

Figure 2.3 Photoelectric effect

In the figure 2.2, if negative voltage -V is approved, the

value increases, as if the kinetic energy 2

2

1mv that one

electron has when it comes out from A is the same to the work

eV to come out from B and the current does not pass. From the

voltage sV at this time, we can see the kinetic energy T when

the electron comes out from the electrode.

Figure 2.4. Character of photoemission

If we mark T calculated in this way with the function of v ,

the number of vibrations of the light, then, as seen in the figure

2.4, T becomes 0 below certain limit, and above the limit0v , it

increases in straight line in proportion to v . The light of the

same number of vibrations, however, the kinetic energy

doesn't change but the number of coming out electrons in-

creases though the intensity of the light is getting higher. The

size of light energy is decided by the intensity of the light,

which is the amplitude of radio wave. If the light is too weak,

therefore, at any number of vibrations, the photoelectric effect

will not be made as the energy required for electrode to come

out is not concentrated.

b) Einstein' law

If the light is a kind of particle that has the energy vhE

and movement

hP , this is called photo proton or photon.

Here, the h ]).[10625.6( 34 SJh is Plank Constant. In

this way of thinking, as seen in the figure 2.3, the electron in

the metal crashes with photon getting energy vh and come to

the outside by crossing the potential wall on the metal sur-

face, and following the law of energy conservation, it becomes

ehveVmvT 22

1

and if it is0vhe , it matches with the experiment.

c) Compton effect

Compton found out that there is something with longer

wavelength than incidence X Ray among scattering X Rays

generated upon projecting X Rays through the substance, and

this is called Compton Effect. To explain this phenomenon,

consider X Ray as a particle that has energy and movement,

and consider that the interaction between photo proton and

electron is made as if elastic crash of elastic body, then the

energy of the photo proton decreases as much as the kinetic

energy that the electron has. This means that the v of, vh the

energy of X Ray decreases and the wavelength of X Ray gets

longer. This is the normal explanation of Compton Effect and

the quantitative handling of this relation is as follows. Ac-

cording to the Theory of Relativity by Einstein, the mass m and

energy E has the following relation.

][2 JmcE

In addition, as the energy of the photo proton is , the

momentum P becomes

vh

c

hmcP

and the law of energy conservation is established between

the energy and the momentum upon the crash of photo proton

and electron. Therefore, if the vibration times of incident X

Ray is 0v , the vibration times of dispersed X Ray is v , and

the speed of electron after the crash is v,

2

02

1mvhvhv

is established.

Figure 2.5. Compton's photon

The figure 2.5 is to explain the Compton Effect, and if the

and is the angle of the electron and photo protons di-

rections of dispersion, then

)cos1( mc

h

is established.

22

d) Experimental result

(1) Laboratory Test

Table 2.2 device of installation Test for current (laboratory)

(2) Field Test

Table 2.3 Building Test (load: kitchen fan 380V, 50Hp, 3)

Table 2.4. Company Test(load:220V,22Kw ,3 Mixer)

Division Voltage

(V)

Cur-

rent

(A)

Appar-

ent

Power

(Kva)

Active

Power

(Kw)

Reactive

Power

(Kvar)

Frequency

(Hz)

Before install (22Kw Mixer.)

(18/09/2003)

215.3 38.8 14.45 8.89 11.38 60.0

Install (20/10/2003)

218.4 32.2 12.20 8.06 9.16 60.0

Install (21/11/2003)

213.1 31.9 11.78 8.14 8.54 60.0

Install (19/04/2004)

214.7 24.6 9.13 7.13 5.70 60.0

Table2.5 Co.,Ltd. Test(load:220V,75Kw ,3 Comp.)

Division Voltage

(V)

Cur-

rent

(A)

Appar-

ent

Power

(Kva)

Active Power

(Kw)

Reactive Pow-

er

(Kvar)

Frequency

(Hz)

Before install (75Kw

Comp.)

(18/09/2003)

213.4 271.2 100.15 87.33 48.77 60.0

Install (20/10/2003)

214.6 243.9 90.66 77.99 46.23 60.0

Install (21/11/2003)

212.2 246.9 90.63 78.65 44.68 60.0

Install (19/04/2004)

214.5 225.1 83.48 70.99 43.45 60.0

Figure 2.6 device of installation (Big capacity) : Current Test

Table 2.6. Device of installation Test for of heat (Blower; 220V,1/4Hp Single Phase & Load for distance125m/m)

vision S

tart

after

5minutes

after

10minutes

after

15minutes Result

Before() 2

5 31.5 39.5 43

2 difference

After() 2

4 29.5 37 41

If there's a time change in magnetic flux density, it pro-

duces turbulences in electric field. If there's a change in elec-

tric field, it causes turbulences in magnetic field. When there's

alternating current in the wire, it changes magnetic field

around wire so electromagnetic wave is produced. Therefore,

power consumption is reduced by decreased amount of elec-

tromagnetic wave, with reducing de-orbited electrons, by in-

ducing orbit change of electron with mixed-infrared ray.

Table 2.7. Device of installation Test for electromagnetic waves (Blower; 220V,1/4Hp Single Phase & Load for distance125m/m)

Division 1Time 2Times 3Times 4Times 5Times Max Min

Before[V/m] 455 453 449 430 432 455 430

After[V/m] 316 314 289 280 283 280 316

Decrease Ratio (%) 38.5% 26.5%

Also it alleviates friction of electron in conductor so it can

reduce power consumption with increased efficiency of load

device and productivity.

According to P=VIcos, power consumption can be de-

creased by increasing efficiency ( ). Mixed-infrared ray also reduces friction between moving

electrons, so noise and vibration caused by electron friction

are decreased. For instance, noise or vibration generated by

Division 10min. 15min. 20min. 25min. 30min. Average

current

(A)

Before install 0.34 0.33 0.33 0.34 0.34 0.336

After install 0.30 0.30 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.294

Power Save Ratio (%) 12.5%

Division

Frequen-

cy

(Hz)

Voltage

(V)

Current

(A)

Active

Power

(Kw)

Apparent

Power

(Kva)

Reactive

Power

(Kvar)

Power

factor

(Pf)

Before

install 60.0 386.8 43.6 28.88 29.21 1.66 0.989

Install 60.0 385.5 37.5 24.77 25.01 1.41 0.990

Ratio regular regular decrease

14.0%

decrease

14.2%

decrease

14.4%

decrease

29.9% Regular

Division Start after

5minutes

after

10minutes

after

15minutes Result

Before() 25 31.5 39.5 43 2

difference After() 24 29.5 37 41

23

super-pressure wire, transformer, or motor can be reduced, so

it directly links to lowering power consumption.

Therefore, power consumption can be reduced due to de-

creased Joule heat, increased efficiency ( ), lowered noise and vibration, and reduced electromagnetic wave.

III. CONCLUSION

After lighting the light (wavelength) made in specific area

on the active area of optic ceramic (semiconductor), make the

conductor shed the light of specific wavelength to affect the

electron movement. The ceramic material such as PLZT can

form the space charge (the accumulation of the light) by

lighting the light, and the space charge (light) is provided to

the conductor making the wavelength of the electron longer on

the conductor due to the Compton Effect though the closed

loop is not formed as it is volatile space charge. In case of the

broadcasting wave, for example, the short wave with short

wavelength, as the displacement current (radio wave) i is

t

Di

according to the Maxwell's equations, can transmit the

displacement current better as the wavelength is getting shorter,

but it couldn't be transmitted well if there are obstacles such as

long distance or mountain. However, if the wavelength is get-

ting longer just like the infrared ray, it is not affected by the

long distance and obstacles (mountain, wall, etc.)

Therefore, by making the wavelength of the electron on the

conductor long, and as the speed of electron moving inside the

conductor is

)cos1( mc

h

the Joules heat generated upon the crash of electrons can

be decreased. In this way, the resistively of the conductor gets

smaller increasing the conductive rate and the decreased

electric resistance upon the move of electrons is judged to be

helpful in saving the electric energy by the Joules heat.

IV. REFERENCE

[1] The Mechanical Generation of Life-Force, Krystall Vverlag, Vienna,

1993

[2] Modern Physics, RaymondA. Serray, ClementJ. Moses, Moyer Curt A,

1996

[3] All rights reserved including the rights of reproduction in whole or in

part in any form, Dr.Leon Lederman and Dick Teresi, 1993

[4] DENKI DENSHI YOUGO DAIJITEN, Akira Mogi, Daekwang Seorim

Publishers, 1992

[5] INTRODUCTION TO OPTICAL ENGINEERING, Francis T. S. Yu

and Xiangyang Yang, 1997

V. BIOGRAPHIES

Si-Hyung Cho was born in Seoul, Korea, on May 14,

1957. He graduated from the Yonsei University. He

has the Ph. D of EE from the Graduate School of

Yonsei University. He is a senior professor of Dis-

tribution Education Team at the Central Education

Institute of KEPCO. His special fields of interest are

distribution system protection and distribution hot-

line work.

Myeong-Ho Choi was born in Chungnam province,

Korea, on June 28, 1965. He received the M.Sc.

degree in Electrical Engineering from Hanbat Uni-

versity in 2004, the MBA from Andong Universty of

Administration and Management in 2002. He is a

professor of NDIS at the Central Education Institute

of KEPCO. His special fields of interest are system

integration and proposal & patent work

Young-Dae, Kwon was born in Daegu, Korea, on

Aug 15,1958. He received the M.Sc. degree in

Practical Electronic from YoungNam University in

2003. the MBA from Daegu Oriental medical

University in 2004. He is president of KSE Co.,Ltd.

(manufactory of Electric Power Saver) Now, he is

going to YoungNam University for Ph. who study

Practical Electronic.