Improvement of Hospital Project Cost and Schedule Management - Final Report Sanitized)

8/3/2019 Improvement of Hospital Project Cost and Schedule Management - Final Report Sanitized)

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Pvljbi} Cdkdabcbk} Pvlibyy Ocpvlwbcbk} d}

8IHOBK];

IVBD]BM F_:

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YRIIBYYGRH PVLJBI]Y GLV HBDMBVY

47 BDY] FRVHOKA]LK DWBKRB

HDAVDKAB( OH 70262

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8IHOBK];



6

B~bir}owb Yrccdv Lg pvbyyoka ilkibvk }l }nb IGL lg 8IHOBK]; qbvb }nb ypbkmoka oyyrby dkm yinbmrhbyhoppdaby lg ok}bvkdh ocphbcbk}d}olk pvljbi}y##oyyrby }nd} nb gbh} ilk}vofr}bm }l }nbirvvbk} idyn ghlq pvlfhbc lg }nb nlypo}dh }nd} qlrhm avlq }l dk bwbk avbd}bv pvlfhbc og BCV idpdfoho}oby qbvbk‟} grhh ocphbcbk}bm dkm lpbvd}olkdh f 6042+ ]nb IGL ylhoio}bm

b~}bvkdh nbhp }l 4/ wdhomd}b qn }nbvb ndy b~oy}bm yrin d hbwbh lg lwbvypbkmoka dkmyinbmrhb yhoppdab lk pvljbi}y( 6/ pvlplyb d vbilccbkmd}olk glv ylhr}olky( dkm 9/ indkab}nb b~oy}oka pvlibyy }l bkyrvb fb}}bv pvljbi} frmab} dkm yinbmrhb ilk}vlh ok }nb hlka vrk+Yriibyygrh Pvljbi}y Glv Hbdmbvy .YP=H/ ndm fbbk novbm dy d ilkyrh}dk} }l dyybyy qnd}qbk} qvlka qo}n }nd} ocphbcbk}d}olk dkm }l ocpvlwb nlq pvljbi}y ok abkbvdh qlrhm fbilkmri}bm d} 8ihobk}; yl }nd} o} ilrhm clwb glvqdvm qo}n }nb BCV pvljbi} yriibyygrhh+

PvlfhbcRyoka }nb Yo~ Yoacd pvlibyy lg Mbgokb#Cbdyrvb#Dkdhzb#Ocpvlwb#Ilk}vlh YP=Hmb}bvcokbm qnd} }nb pvolvo}oby qbvb glv Cdkdabcbk}+ Qb }nbk indv}bvbm d pvljbi} dkm pvlibbmbm }l rkmbvy}dkm dkm mbgokb }nb pvlfhbc+ ]nvlran yrvwby dkm ok}bvwobqy qo}n

bkm#rybvy( }binkoidh y}dgg( dkm lwbvyoan} ilcco}}bby( dy qbhh dy noy}lvoidh pvljbi} vbwobqydkm md}d ad}nbvoka( qb qbvb dfhb }l gliry lk }nb vbdh oyyrby d} ndkm+ ]l nbhp ihdvog }nbyo}rd}olk( qb cdppbm }nb pvljbi} Oko}od}olk#Phdkkoka#B~bir}olk#Ilk}vlh#Ihlyoka pvlibyyglv ok}bvkdh pvljbi}y( ombk}ogoka oyyrby dy qb pvlibbmbm+ Bwbk}rdhh( }nb cbdyrvbcbk}dkm dkdhyoy pvlibyyby plok}bm }l }nb gdi} }nd} qb ndm d vbdh oyyrb }nd} qdy d cdjlv mbwod}olk gvlc }nb y}dkmdvm cb}nlmlhla glv frmab},yinbmrhb phdkkoka dkm ilk}vlh+Glv}rkd}bh( qb ndm d ihbdv rkmbvy}dkmoka lg okmry}v fby} pvdi}oiby dkm allm yrpplv}gvlc Cdkdabcbk} }l nbhp vbybdvin dkm vbylhwb }nb pvlfhbc+

GokmokayLrv gokmokay okmoid}bm }nd} mbwod}olky ndwb b~oy}bm divlyy dhh pvljbi}y d} 8IHOBK]; fb}qbbk pvljbi} phdkkoka dkm ilk}vlh cb}nlmlhlaoby dkm }nb mb gdi}l fby} pvdi}oiby(mbwod}olky }nd} ndwb ndm d ybwbvb ily}( yinbmrhb( dkm trdho} ocpdi}+ D indkab ok }nb dmnli cdkkbv pvljbi}y ndwb fbbk phdkkbm dkm ilk}vlhhbm }l glhhlq }nb mb gdi}l y}dkmdvmvbyrh}bm ok d hlq#ily} ylhr}olk }l ilk}vlh pvljbi} b~pbkmo}rvby+ Qb dhyl ombk}ogobm dybwbvb trdho} oyyrb( fdybm lk gbbmfdie gvlc }nb bkm#rybv ilccrko}( }nd} idk fboccbmod}bh dmmvbyybm dkm vbi}ogobm gvlc }noy plok} glvqdvm+ Qnohb o} oy bdvh ok }nb ply}#ocphbcbk}d}olk pndyb( qb dvb ybboka ocpvlwbcbk}y ok ily} b~pbkmo}rvby( yinbmrhbyhoppdaby( dkm bkm#rybv yd}oygdi}olk+

Ilkihryolk

F ryoka d yy}bcd}oi dppvldin( qb ombk}ogobm ybwbvdh dvbdy ok }nb pvljbi} Oko}od}olk#Phdkkoka#B~bir}olk#Ilk}vlh#Ihlyoka pvlibyy }nd} kbbmbm clmogoid}olk+ ]nb kb} vbyrh} oy fb}}bv pvljbi} ily} dkm yinbmrhb pbvglvcdkib( hbdmoka }l fb}}bv idyn ghlq frmab}oka dkm phdkkoka( qo}n dk b~pbi}bm ydwokay lg clvb }ndk -920(000 dkkrdhh dy qbhh dy ocpvlwbmdiibp}dkib dkm lqkbvynop f }nb bkm#rybvy+ Fdybm lk }nb pvldi}owb vbyplkyb }l }nbov oyyrby( }nb IGL( IKL( dkm PIIy dvb yd}oygobm dkm dvb ybvwoka dy b~ibhhbk} ibk}bvy lg okghrbkib glv }nb vby} lg Ybkolv Cdkdabcbk} dkm }nb krvyoka y}dgg( vbypbi}owbh+



9

4+0 Ok}vlmri}olk,Pvlfhbc Y}d}bcbk}:

Qnbk }nb IGL lg 8IHOBK]; hbdvkbm lg }nb Gbmbvdh Alwbvkcbk} cdkmd}b }nd} nbdh}nidvb pvlwombvy qnl gdoh }l dmlp} ibv}ogobm bhbi}vlkoi cbmoidh vbilvm .BCV/ yy}bcy lv idk‟} mbclky}vd}b cbdkokagrh ryb f 6042 qohh gokm }nbov Cbmoidvb vbocfrvybcbk}y ir}dkm }nb qohh hlyb }nb indkib }l vbibowb Cbmoidvb okibk}owb pdcbk}y glv ocphbcbk}d}olk(

nb fbidcb okivbdyokah ilkibvkbm lwbv noy nlypo}dh‟y dfoho}oby }l cbb} }nd} cdkmd}b+

Hd}bh }nb krvyoka y}dgg ndm fbbk dhh dfrzz( wloioka }nbov ilkibvky lwbv qnd} }nb ndmmrffbm }nb hd}by} ocphbcbk}d}olk godyil+ ]nb govy} pdv} lg }nbov BCV ocphbcbk}d}olkqbk} fblkm o}y yinbmrhbm mrb md}b( dkm( qnbk o} gokdhh qbk} howb( qdy grhh lg grki}olkdho} pvlfhbcy+ ]noy ocphbcbk}d}olk ivbd}bm dk occbkyb dclrk} lg dmmo}olkdhqlve glv }nb krvyoka y}dgg( mbypo}b o} fboka ocphbcbk}bm }l vbmrib qlve dkm ypbbm rp }nb pd}obk} idvb pvlibyy+ ]nb krvyoka y}dgg .PIIy( VKy( HPKy( IKDy/ fbcldkbm }nb gdi}}nd} }nb yy}bc momk‟} pvlwomb }nbc qo}n }nb grki}olkdho} }nb kbbmbm .ylcb okpr}yivbbky mom kl} dhhlq dhh vbhbwdk} md}d }l fb bk}bvbm qnohb l}nbvy vbtrovbm ovvbhbwdk} md}ddkm qlrhm kl} hb} }nb y}dgg pvlibbm rk}oh o} qdy bk}bvbm/( vbtrovbm 40 cokr}by }l hldm( ndm

pllv vbyplkyb }ocby( qdy kl} dfhb }l ilccrkoid}b qo}n l}nbv pdiedaby rybm d} }nbnlypo}dh }l vb}vobwb okglvcd}olk .lv vb}vobwbm okilvvbi} okglvcd}olk/( momk‟} pvlwomb }nbdfoho} }l pvok} vbplv}y ok }nbov vbtrovbm glvcd}y( dkm ylcb}ocby ilcphb}bh hly}bwbv}noka }nd} }nb y}dgg ndm ypbk} }nb hdy} }qbk} cokr}by bk}bvoka ok}l }nb yy}bc+ ]nbgvry}vd}olk lg }nb krvyoka y}dgg qdy noan yokib }nb qbvb y}ohh vbtrovbm }l ryb }nb yy}bc oko}y irvvbk} y}d}b( fr} kbbmbm }l mrphoid}b bwbv bk}v lk pdpbv yl }nd} ocplv}dk}okglvcd}olk qlrhm fb ydgb dy qbhh dy ilcphodk} qo}n Alwbvkcbk} vbarhd}olky( dkm o} qdygbh} }nd} fr#ok lg dk kbq clmrhby glv BCV ocphbcbk}d}olk qlrhm fb moggoirh}+ ]lcdeb cd}}bvy qlvyb ok }nb bby lg }nb IGL( vrclvy ndm fbbk iovihoka }nd} ylcb lg }nbkrvyoka y}dgg qbvb }dheoka dflr} rkolkozoka+

Kl} lkh qdy }nb IGL ilkibvkbm dflr} cbb}oka }nd} Alwbvkcbk} vbtrovbcbk} }lmbclky}vd}b cbdkokagrh ryb fr} dhyl gbh} }nd} }nb yo~ pvljbi}y ilkmri}bm lk dwbvdab f }nbnlypo}dh pbv bdv qbvb ily}oka o} crin#kbbmbm idyn ghlq+ ]nb nlypo}dh ndm ynlqk dkokdfoho} }l cbb} ok}bvkdh pvljbi} mbdmhokby }ocb dkm }ocb dadok dkm bdin }ocb }nbb~pbkmo}rvby lg bdin pvljbi} ndm avlqk b~plkbk}odhh gvlc }nbov lvoaokdh by}ocd}by+ O}qdy d koan}cdvb gvlc dk lpbvd}olkdh frmab}oka y}dkmplok} yokib pvbwolryh#dhhlid}bmgrkmy ndm }l fb vbdhhlid}bm }l pvljbi}y yl }nb ilrhm fb ilcphb}bm+ ]nb IGL moyhoebm }nbgdi} }nd} dk gr}rvb pvljbi} by}ocd}by qlrhm fb yocohdvh qlv}nhbyy gvlc d glvbidy}okay}dkmplok}+

]nb nlypo}dh ndm dhqdy vbhobm lk Gbmbvdh dkm Y}d}b yrpplv} }l cbb} o}y frmab}y fr} }nbbilklcoi mlqk}rvk ndm ivbd}bm frmab}dv pvlfhbcy glv }nbyb hbwbhy lg }nb Alwbvkcbk}dkm clkb qdy }deoka hlkabv dkm hlkabv }l ghlq }l }nb nlypo}dh( glvioka ir}y dkm l}nbv mvdy}oi cbdyrvby qo}nok o}+

Rp rk}oh }noy plok} }nb IGL dkm l}nbv vbpvbybk}d}owby lg Ybkolv Cdkdabcbk} ndm gbh} }nd}}nb cdjlvo} lg pvljbi}y ilkmri}bm d} 8IHOBK]; ndm fbbk yriibyyby( fdybm lkokglvcd}olk }nd} ndm fbbk ilccrkoid}bm rpqdvmy+ O} qdy }nbov rkmbvy}dkmoka }nd} lkh dgbq pdy} pvljbi}y ndm ndm pvlfhbcy dkm }nb fhdcb ndm dhqdy fbbk phdibm f }nb



=

grki}olkdh Lwbvyoan} Avlrp”ryrdhh }nb Inobg Krvyoka Lggoibv .IKL/ dkm }ql nlypo}dhWPy gvlc wdvoka mbpdv}cbk}y .qnoinbwbv mbpdv}cbk}y qbvb }dyebm qo}n mloka }nbcdjlvo} lg }nb qlve/ dpplok}bm f Ybkolv Cdkdabcbk} }l phdk }nb pvljbi}y .frmab}(mbdmhokb( grki}olkdho} dkm vbplv} glvcd}y/”lk pllvh#ybhbi}bm ok}bvkdh pvljbi} cdkdabvylv b~}bvkdh PCy }nd} }nb nlypo}dh ndm ilk}vdi}bm qo}n }l ml }nb jlf+ Qnbk dk ok}bvkdh

pvljbi} cdkdabv qdy dpplok}bm( }nb nlypo}dh yrggbvbm gvlc qnd} qdy eklqk dy }nb ndhlbggbi}+ O} qdy dhqdy gbh} }nd} d krvyb fb }nb pvljbi} cdkdabv yokib nb,ynb ilrhm fvokavbhbwdk} yrfjbi} cd}}bv b~pbv}oyb }l }nb }dfhb+ ]nb krvyb,PC inlybk dhyl ndm b~pbvobkiblr}yomb lg krvyoka( yrin dy O]( glv b~dcphb( fr} ndm kl pvljbi} cdkdabcbk} b~pbvobkib lv bwbk d fdyoi rkmbvy}dkmoka lg pvljbi} cdkdabcbk} pvokiophby+ Grv}nbvclvb( ok bwbviovircy}dkib qnbk }noy qdy mlkb( }nb krvyb hdiebm vbhbwdk} krvyoka b~pbvobkib+ Glv b~dcphb( }nb krvyb,PC dpplok}bb glv }nb hdy} pvljbi} ndm vbndf,yrf#dir}b b~pbvobkib fr}kl fbyomb idvb b~pbvobkib+ ]nb ilcphdok}y dkm prynfdie gvlc }nb krvyoka y}dgg ndm ynbmkbq hoan} lk }noy dh}lab}nbv dkm o} momk‟} }deb d vlieb} yiobk}oy} }l vbdhozb }nd} }nb pvlfhbcqdy ylcb}noka avbd}bv ok}bvkdhh dkm kl} ylhbh mrb }l pllv pvljbi} cdkdabv ybhbi}olk+

Dh}nlran hdie lg pvljbi} cdkdabcbk} b~pbvobkib dkm }nb gvry}vd}olk lg }nb krvyoka y}dgg qbvb ilkibvky }l }nb IGL( qnd} qdy lk }nb glvbgvlk} lg noy cokm qbvb }nb ypbkmokaoyyrby dkm yinbmrhb yhoppdaby##}nb glvcbv d pvbyyoka ilkibvk }l mbdh qo}n }nb irvvbk} idynghlq lg }nb nlypo}dh dkm }nb hd}}bv d pvbyyoka ilkibvk }l mbdh qo}n gr}rvb idyn ghlqy og BCV qbvbk‟} grhh ocphbcbk}bm dkm lpbvd}olkdh f 6042+ ]nb IGL ylhoio}bm b~}bvkdhnbhp }l 4/ wdhomd}b qn }nbvb ndy b~oy}bm yrin d hbwbh lg lwbvypbkmoka dkm yinbmrhbyhoppdab lk pvljbi}y( 6/ pvlplyb d vbilccbkmd}olk glv ylhr}olky dkm 9/ indkab }nbb~oy}oka pvlibyy }l bkyrvb fb}}bv pvljbi} frmab} dkm yinbmrhb ilk}vlh ok }nb hlka vrk+Yriibyygrh Pvljbi}y Glv Hbdmbvy .YP=H/ ndm fbbk novbm dy d ilkyrh}dk} }l dyybyy qnd}qbk} qvlka qo}n }nd} ocphbcbk}d}olk dkm }l ocpvlwb nlq pvljbi}y ok abkbvdh qlrhm fbilkmri}bm d} 8IHOBK]; yl }nd} o} ilrhm clwb glvqdvm qo}n }nb BCV pvljbi}yriibyygrhh+ Qb inlyb }l r}ohozb Yo~ Yoacd ok lrv dppvldin+

6+0 Pvljbi} Oko}od}olk dkm Phdkkoka

6+4 Pvljbi} Lfjbi}owbFdybm lk }nb wloib lg }nb iry}lcbv .IGL( krvyoka y}dgg/( o} qdy ihbdvh bwombk} }nd} }nbvbdvb }nvbb cdjlv dvbdy lg ocpvlwbcbk}

… Vbmrib pvljbi} yinbmrhb yhoppdab(

… Vbmrib pvljbi} frmab} lwbvdaby( dkm

… Ocpvlwb bkm#pvlmri} grki}olkdho}+

O} qdy dhyl ihbdvh bwombk}( nlqbwbv( }nd} ocpvlwbcbk} lg dhh }nvbb dvbdy qlrhm fb fblkm}nb yilpb lg lkb yokahb yo~ yoacd pvljbi}+ Ok dmmo}olk( fdybm lk nlq }nb kbbm glv vbqlve qdy ombk}ogobm }l md}b glv nlypo}dh pvljbi}y dkm }nb moggoirh}oby }nd} qlrhm fb okirvvbm oklf}dokoka allm pvlibyy ilk}vlh indv}y .moyiryybm ok Ybi}olk =+0/( }nb lfjbi}owb lg }noyocpvlwbcbk} pvljbi} qdy glirybm lk }nb glhhlqoka ypbiogoi aldhy:

… Vbmrib pvljbi} yinbmrhb yhoppdab f 20"( dkm

… Vbmrib di}rdh pvljbi} b~pbkmo}rvby f 20"+



2

O} oy by}ocd}bm }nd} mloka yl qlrhm ocpvlwb pvljbi} iihb }ocby dkm qlrhm mbivbdybrkqdvvdk}bm pvljbi} lwbv#b~pbkmo}rvby f -4(600(000 dkkrdhh divlyy dhh gr}rvb pvljbi}y+

6+6 Pvljbi} Yilpb]nb glhhlqoka dvb }nb o}bcy }nd} qbvb ombk}ogobm dy }nb yilpb vbtrovbcbk}y:

4+ Ilkmri} okwby}oad}olky( okihrmoka yrvwby, ok}bvwobqy }l rkmbvy}dkm }nb kd}rvb lg ily} wdvodkiby dkm yinbmrhb wdvodkiby+6+ Okwby}oad}b pvljbi} pbvglvcdkib y}dkmdvmy dkm b~pbi}d}olky+9+ Ilcpdvb irvvbk} pvljbi} oko}od}olk( phdkkoka( clko}lvoka( dkm ilk}vlh pvdi}oiby

dadoky} okmry}v pbvglvcdkib y}dkmdvmy+=+ Og pbvglvcdkib oy glrkm }l fb yrfy}dkmdvm( okwby}oad}b qnd} oy idryoka }nb

pvlfhbc dkm vbilccbkm ylhr}olky+2+ Pbkmoka gokmokay dkm dppvlwdh glv )=( ocphbcbk} vbilccbkmbm ylhr}olky+

6+9 Pvljbi} Indv}bv ’ ]nb Pvljbi} Indv}bv dkm Pvljbi} Bwdhrd}olk Glvc dvb pvlwombm ok Dppbkmo~ D

6+= Pvljbi} Wdhomd}olk Dkdhyoy

6+=+4 Idryby dkm Bggbi}yIdryb#Dkm#Bggbi} modavdc oy pvlwombm ok Dppbkmo~ F okmoid}oka }nb plyyofhb idryby }l}nb wdvodkiby ok pvljbi} ily}y dkm yinbmrhby dkm }nb lkby oylhd}bm glv }noy pvljbi}+

6+2 Qlve Fvbdemlqk Y}vri}rvb]nb QFY d} }nb yrccdv }dye hbwbh oy hoy}bm fbhlq+ D grhh#b~pdkmbm QFY ynlqoka dhh}dyey dkm yrf}dyey oy pvlwombm ok Dppbkmo~ I+

4+ Noy}lvoidh Md}d Ilhhbi}olk6+ Dkdhzb Vbyrh}y9+ Rkmbvhoka Pvljbi} Phdkkoka=+ Irvvbk} Pvljbi} Oko}odh Phdkkoka2+ Dkdhzb Vbyrh}y7+ Ok}bvcbmod}b Md}d Ilhhbi}olk1+ Dkdhzb Vbyrh}y>+ Vb#Fdybhokb Pvljbi}?+ Gokdh Md}d Ilhhbi}olk40+ Ihlyb Lr} Ocpvlwbcbk} Pvljbi}

6+7 Pvljbi} Yinbmrhb]nb yinbmrhb glv }nb noan#hbwbh yrccdv }dyey( ynlqoka y}dv} dkm bkm md}by( oy ynlqk okGoarvb 4+ D clvb mb}dohbm pvljbi} yinbmrhb( ynlqoka yrf}dyey oy pvlwombm ok Dppbkmo~ Mdkm d clvb woyrdh yinbmrhb ynlqoka }dye mbpbkmbkioby oy aowbk ok Dppbkmo~ B+

]dye Kdcb Mrvd}olk Y}dv} Gokoyn

Ily} dkm Yinbmrhb Ocpvlwbcbk} Pvljbi} =41 mdy Clk 4,=,40 ]rb >,?,44

Noy}lvoidh Md}d Ilhhbi}olk 4> mdy Clk 4,=,40 Qbm 4,61,40

Dkdhzb Vbyrh}y 7 mdy ]nr 4,6>,40 ]nr 6,=,40



7

Rkmbvhoka Pvljbi} Phdkkoka = mdy ]nr 6,=,40 ]rb 6,?,40

Irvvbk} Pvljbi} Oko}odh Phdkkoka 6 mdy Gvo 1,90,40 Clk >,6,40

Dkdhzb Vbyrh}y = md ]rb >,9,40 Gvo >,7,40

Ok}bvcbmod}b Md}d Ilhhbi}olk 446 mdy Gvo >,61,40 Clk 4,94,44

Dkdhzb Vbyrh}y 9 mdy ]nr 6,9,44 Clk 6,1,44

Vb#Fdybhokb Pvljbi} 6 mdy Clk 6,1,44 ]rb 6,>,44

Gokdh Md}d Ilhhbi}olk 446 mdy Gvo 6,62,44 Clk >,4,44

Ihlyb Lr} Ocpvlwbcbk} Pvljbi} 7 mdy ]rb >,6,44 ]rb >,?,44

Goarvb 4+ Pvljbi} Yinbmrhb Qo}n Yrccdv ]dye Y}dv},Bkm ]ocby+

Ok lvmbv }l ilkmri} }nb pbvglvcdkib ocpvlwbcbk} pvljbi} o} qdy kbibyydv }l poaafdie o} lk d pvljbi} fboka ilkmri}bm d} }nb nlypo}dh+ Dh}nlran( npl}nb}oidhh( }nbocpvlwbcbk} pvljbi} ilrhm ndwb fbbk diilcphoynbm ok ndhg }nb }ocb”kokb clk}ny”qbgbh} o} qdy ocplv}dk} }l ilhhbi} yo~ clk}ny‟ qlv}n lg md}d ok bdin pndyb lg }nb pvljbi} }llf}dok d fb}}bv ydcphb dkm ab} d clvb vlfry} okmoid}olk lg qnd} qdy ndppbkoka+ ]nb

lp}ocdh gvbtrbki glv yinbmrhb dkm b~pbkmo}rvb clko}lvoka oy clk}nh yl }nvbb clk}ny‟qlv}n lg md}d qlrhm ndwb lkh obhmbm }nvbb md}d plok}y bdin glv ily} dkm yinbmrhb pbvglvcdkib+

6+1 Pvljbi} Frmab}]nb }l}dh frmab} glv }nb pvljbi} oy -444(602 dkm ilkyoy}bm lg =9> ilkyrh}dk} nlrvy dkm 12nlrvy lg krvyoka dkm O] y}dgg+ Fdybm lk }nb mbhowbvdfhb cb}voiy( o} oy by}ocd}bm }nd} }nbVLO glv }nb govy} bdv glhhlqoka }nb pbvglvcdkib ocpvlwbcbk} oy =47"+

Mbhowbvdfhb Cb}voiy:

4+ Vbmri}olk ok Ily} Wdvodkib+ Wdhomd}olk: IW( Gvbtrbki: foclk}nh6+ Vbmri}olk ok Yinbmrhb Wdvodkib+ Wdhomd}olk: YW( Gvbtrbki: foclk}nh

Mlhhdv Lpplv}rko} By}ocd}by:Dwbvdab krcfbv lg pvljbi}y,bdv 3 7Dwbvdab yinbmrhb yhoppdab }ocb 3 =+79 clk}nyDwbvdab ily},nlrv 3 -60>+99Yozb lg Lpplv}rko} 3 -60>+99*=+79 clk}ny*470 nvy,clk}n,pvljbi}*7 pvljbi}y 3-?62(?>2By}ocd}bm ily} lg pvljbi} 3 -444(602By}ocd}bm Ocpvlwbcbk}: 20" vbmri}olk ok yhoppdab 3 +2*?62(?>2 3 -=76(??9

Ydwokay 3 -=76(??9 # -444(602 3 -924(1>>Govy} _bdv VLO 3 -=76(??9,444(602 3 =47"

6+> Vbylrvib Dyyoakcbk} Cd}vo~ .VDC/]nb Vbylrvib Dyyoakcbk} Cd}vo~ oy aowbk ok Dppbkmo~ G+



1

9+0 Mbgoko}olk Pndyb

9+4 Pvlibyy Clmbh

Goarvb 6 ynlqy }nb YOPLI glv }nb dy#oy pvlibyy d} 8IHOBK]; glv pvljbi} oko}od}olk}nvlran ihlyb#lr} dkm Goarvb 9 oy }nb pvlibyy ghlq glv }nb dy#oy pvlibyy glv pvljbi}oko}od}olk }nvlran ihlyb#lr} d} 8IHOBK];+

Yrpphobvy Okpr}y Pvlibyy Lr}pr}y Iry}lcbv

… Rppbv Cac}

… Lwbvyoan}Avlrp

… O]Cdkdabv

… Wbkmlvy

… Ok}bvkdhIlcpr}bv Yy}bc

… Ilk}vdi}PCy

… Ok}bvkdhO],]binY}dgg .Pvljbi}]bdc/

… Yilpb

… Grki}olkdho}

… Dyyrcp}olky

… Ilky}vdok}y

… Frmab}

… Mbdmhokb

… Cohby}lkby

… Wbkmlv pvlmri}ho}bvd}rvb

… Iry}lcozdfhbylg}qdvb pdiedab

… Cdkdabcbk}mbgokby yilpb

… Cdkdabcbk} yb}y frmab}

… Cdkdabcbk} yb}y

mbdmhokb

… PC,]bdcmb}bvcokbyinbmrhb

… PC,]bdcmb}bvcokbcohby}lkby

… O] Cdkdabv prvindyby

ylg}qdvb

… Wbkmlv yrpphobyylg}qdvb

… PC,]bdcb~bir}bocphbcbk}d}olk(iry}lcozd}olk(dkm vlhh#lr}

… PvbhocokdvYilpb

… ]lp#mlqk pvljbi} frmab}

… Dvfo}vdv

mbdmhokb

… PvbhocokdvYinbmrhb go}}l mbdmhokb

… Ok}bvcbmod}bmbhowbvdfhby

… PrvindybLvmbv

… Klk#grki}olkdhylg}qdvb

… Iry}lcozbmylg}qdvbocphbcbk}bm

… KrvyokaY}dgg

… Mli}lvy

… Pd}obk}y

Goarvb 6+ YOPLI glv 8IHOBK]; Pvljbi} Oko}od}olk dkm B~bir}olk+



>

Krvyoka

]bin Yrpplv}

Ilk}vdi}lv,

Ok}bvkdh PC

Cdkdabcbk}

Goarvb 9+ Pvlibyy Ghlq Glv Pvljbi} Oko}od}olk ]nvlran Ihlyb#Lr}+

9+9 Gdohrvb Clmby dkm Bggbi}y Dkdhyoy

D ilcphb}b GCBD qdy ilkmri}bm lg }nb bk}ovb pvlibyy avlrp y}bpy lg }nb Pvljbi}Cdkdabcbk} Flle lg Eklqhbmab .PCFLE ]C/( }nb mb gdi}l y}dkmdvm ok Dcbvoid glv }nbcb}nlmlhla lg ilkmri}oka pvljbi}y( }l ombk}og plyyofhb gdohrvb clmby+ Mrb }l }nb yozblg }nb ypvbdmynbb} ilk}dokoka }nb md}d( o} oy pvlwombm ok d yrpphbcbk}dh mlircbk} }o}hbm‘GCBD Ypvbdmynbb}+~hy–



?

=+0 Cbdyrvbcbk} Pndyb

Goarvby = dkm 2 ynlq ilk}vlh indv}y lg }nb dwbvdab klvcdhozbm }dye ily} wdvodkib dkmdwbvdab klvcdhozbm }dye yinbmrhb wdvodkib f clk}n lf}dokbm glv }nb pdy} gowb pvljbi}yilkmri}bm d} 8IHOBK];+ ]nbyb okmoid}b }nd} bwbk qo}nok lkb clk}n lg bdin pvljbi}‟yoko}od}olk( wdvodkiby ndm dhvbdm liirvvbm( dkm( qo}nlr} pvlpbv ilvvbi}owb di}olk fboka

}debk( ilk}okrbm }l avlq rk}oh }nb pvljbi}y qbvb }bvcokd}bm+ O} qdy kbibyydv }lklvcdhozb }nb md}d yokib bdin pvljbi} ndy frmab}y okmbpbkmbk} lg }nb l}nbvy dkm o} qdykbibyydv }l ynlq md}d ok vbhd}owb }bvcy+ ]nbvbglvb( }nb klvcdhozbm ily} wdvodkib .IW"/dkm }nb klvcdhozbm yinbmrhb wdvodkib .YW"/ qbvb rybm+ ]nb glvcrhdy glv bdin lg }nbybdvb

IW" 3 Bdvkbm Wdhrb,Fdybhokbm Pvljbi} Frmab}YW" 3 Phdkkbm Wdhrb,Fdybhokbm Pvljbi} Frmab}

]nbyb indv}y ml kl} okihrmb }nb dmmo}olkdh yinbmrhb bgglv} dkm ily}y dmmbm }l }nb pvljbi}}l vbqlve grki}olkdho} bvvlvy dkm indkaby kbbmbm }l yd}oyg bkm#rybv vbtrovbcbk}y+ O}

qdy mb}bvcokbm }nd} yrin dk rkmbv}deoka qlrhm fb }dfhbm glv d gr}rvb pvlibyyocpvlwbcbk} pvljbi} yokib kl pvolv md}d ndm fbbk vbilvmbm+ Grv}nbvclvb( mrb }l }nbnlypo}dh pvdi}oib lg qdo}oka rk}oh d pvljbi} qdy kbdv ilcphb}olk fbglvb wdhomd}okagrki}olkdho} dkm ilk}bk} dadoky} rybv vbtrovbcbk}y( }nbvb qlrhm fb kl cbdky }l vbilvmwdvodfhby dyyliod}bm qo}n vbqlve rk}oh }nb lwbvhoka .o+b+ }nb lkb fboka poaafdiebmrplk/ pvljbi} ndm vbdinbm o}y vlhhlr} plok}+

Goarvby 7 dkm 1 ynlq }nb ilk}vlh indv}y }nd} qbvb ilky}vri}bm glv }nb ocpvlwbcbk} pvljbi}( dadok( fdybm lk }nb klvcdhozbm }dye ily} dkm yinbmrhb wdvodkiby f clk}n glv }nb pvljbi}+

Md}d qdy ydcphbm glv d yo~#clk}n pbvolm pvolv }l ocpvlwbcbk} lg }nb pvlibyy+ D} }noy}ocb }nb wdvodkiby qbvb yl avbd} }nd} o} qdy gbdvbm }nd} ilvvbi}owb di}olk }l ab} }nbwdvodkiby fdie }l zbvl qlrhm fb ocpvlfdfhb( ily}h( dkm coan} ilcphb}bh mby}dfohozb }nb pvljbi}+ Oky}bdm( }nb wdvodkib d} Clk}n 7 qdy by}dfhoynbm }l fb }nb fdybhokb dkm dkilvvbi}owb di}olk }debk gvlc }nd} plok} lk qdy }l fvoka }nb pvljbi} wdvodkiby fdie }l }nd}vbypbi}owb plyo}olk+

]ql gdi}lvy d}}vofr}bm }l }nb wdvodkiby ok Goarvby = dkm 2+ ]nb govy} oy }nb hdie lg ilvvbi}owb di}olk+ Ilvvbi}owb di}olk oy d y}dkmdvm pvljbi} cdkdabcbk} pvdi}oib lkyriibyygrh pvljbi}y }nd} bk}dohy vbarhdv( gvbtrbk} ydcphoka lg IW" dkm YW" glhhlqbm f pbvglvcoka di}olky lk }nb pvljbi} mbyoakbm }l y}bbvoka o} fdie lk yinbmrhb dkm,lv }nbglvbidy}bm ypbkm hokb+



40

Dw+ Klvcdhozbm Ily} Wdvodkib

#6

#4+>

#4+7

#4+=

#4+6

#4

#0+>

#0+7

#0+=

#0+6

0

4 6 9 = 2 7 1 > ? 40 44 46

Clk}n

I l y } W d v o d k i b

Ybvoby4

Goarvb =+ Klvcdhozbm Ily} Wdvodkib F Clk}n Lwbv Pdy} 2 Pvljbi}y+



44

Dw+ Klvcdhozbm Yinbmrhb Wdvodkib

#4+6

#4

#0+>

#0+7

#0+=

#0+6

0

4 6 9 = 2 7 1 > ? 40 44 46

Clk}n

Y i n b m r h b W d v o d k i b

Ybvoby4

Goarvb 2+ Klvcdhozbm Yinbmrhb Wdvodkib F Clk}n lg Pdy} 2 Pvljbi}y+

]nb ybilkm gdi}lv oy }nd} }nb frmab}y lg }nb pvljbi}y qbvb kbwbv by}ocd}bm pvlpbvh+ ]nd}oy( }nb qbvb kbwbv by}dfhoynbm dy d mlhhdv dclrk} pvlplv}olkdh }l }nb qlve kbbmbm }l fbmlkb+ O} qdy y}d}bm bdvhobv ok }nb }b~} }nd} Cdkdabcbk} qlrhm dyyoak d frmab} }l bdin pvljbi} fr} }noy frmab} qdy kl} ivbd}bm f glhhlqoka dk diibp}dfhb pvljbi} by}ocd}olk}binkotrby+ Oky}bdm( d mlhhdv qdy dyyoakbm }l }nb pvljbi} ylhbh glv }nb prvplyby lg dhhlid}oka ylcb clkb }lqdvmy o}( fdybm lk d ar} gbbhoka( dkm }nd} }l}dh mlhhdv dclrk}qdy dpplv}olkbm mlqkqdvmy }l okmowomrdh }dyey+ O} qdy rkmbvy}llm }nd} dmmo}olkdh clkbqlrhm ndwb }l fb dhhlid}bm d} ylcb gr}rvb plok} dg}bv }nb cdjlvo} lg }nb frmab} }l md}bndm fbbk rybm rp+ ]noy b~phdoky }nb wlhd}oho} ok Goarvby 7 dkm 1 gvlc clk}ny 7 }nvlran46+ Yocph pr}( }nb wdvodkiby ok }dye mrvd}olk dkm }dye ily} mrvoka }nd} pbvolm dvbd}}vofr}bm }l }nb ocpvlpbv yinbmrhb dkm frmab} by}ocd}by( vbypbi}owbh+ Glv clk}ny 49}nvlran 4>( }nb ily} dkm mrvd}olky lg vbcdokoka }dye qlve qbvb vb#by}ocd}bm dkm fdybhokbm dkm o} oy bwombk} }nd} grv}nbv vbmri}olk ok }nb wdvodfoho} lg yinbmrhb dkm ily}qbvb lf}dokbm+

O} oy ocplv}dk} }l kl}b }nd} }nb yo~ yoacd pvljbi} o}ybhg qdy ybpdvd}b ok dkm lg o}ybhg gvlc}nb poaafdiebm pvljbi} }nd} }nb nlypo}dh qdy fboka ilkmri}bm+ ]nd} pvljbi} ndm d pvb#yb}yinbmrhbm mrvd}olk }nd} b~ibbmbm }nb yo~#clk}n }ocbgvdcb }nd} d yo~ yoacd pvljbi} qlrhmypdk }nd} o} qdy kbibyydv }l glhhlq ok lvmbv }l ilhhbi} d yrggoiobk} dclrk} lg md}d+



46

Dy o} qdy pvbwolryh cbk}olkbm( mrb }l }nb gvbtrbki lg md}d fboka ydcphbm( }nbocpvlwbcbk} pvljbi} qdy ilky}vdokbm f }nb ydcphoka vd}b( dkm glv allm vbdylk+ O} qlrhm fb b~ibyyowbh ily}h }l clko}lv yinbmrhb dkm ily}y wdvodkiby lk d mdoh lv bwbk qbbeh fdyoy dkm }nb wdhrb pvlwombm oy cdvaokdhh fb}}bv }ndk qnd} d clk}nh gvbtrbki pvlwomby+ ]nb plyo}owb wdhrb lg }nb ocpvlwbcbk} qlrhm fb hly} og d ily}h dkm klk wdhrb#

dmmbm clko}lvoka pvlibyy qbvb glvibm rplk }nb pvljbi} jry} glv }nb ydeb lg ydcphoka clvbmd}d+ Glv }nd} vbdylk( ok lvmbv ebbp }nb ocpvlwbcbk} pvljbi} ily}y mlqk( }nb rkmbvhoka pvljbi} qdy ilkmri}bm glv yo~ clk}ny pvolv }l }nb lkyb} lg }nb ocpvlwbcbk} pvljbi}+ ]nbgovy} ocpvlwbcbk} qdy cdmb dkm }nb rkmbvhoka pvljbi} ilk}okrbm glv dk dmmo}olkdh yo~clvb clk}ny fbglvb }nb ybilkm ocpvlwbcbk} qdy cdmb+ Dh}nlran y}dv}oka dkm y}lppokadk }pb lg pvljbi} oy kl} vbilccbkmbm( hb} dhlkb lkb mbyoakbm }l ocpvlwb pvlibyyby( o}qdy kbibyydv ok }noy idyb+

Ryoka noy}lvoidh md}d dkm }nb vbyrh}y lg bkm#rybv ok}bvwobqy qb mb}bvcokbm }nd} }nbivo}oidh#}l#trdho} .I]T/ wdvodfhb oy }nb krcfbv lg nlrvy ypbk} lk pvljbi} vbqlve

Ily} Wdvodkib Vrk Indv}

#0+7

#0+2

#0+=

#0+9

#0+6

#0+4

0

0+4

4 6 9 = 2 7 1 > ? 40 44 4 6 49 4= 4 2 47 4 1 4 >

Clk}n

K l v c h o z b m I l y } W d v o d k i b

Ybvoby4

Goarvb 7+ Ily} Wdvodkib Vrk Indv} Ynlqoka Pvb#( Pdv}odh( dkm Grhh Ocpvlwbcbk}+

di}owo}oby+ Dy o} oy mbgokbm ok }noy nlypo}dh‟y y}dkmdvm lpbvd}oka pvlibmrvby( d vbqlve di}owo} oy lkb }nd} oy pbvglvcbm dg}bv }nb pvlmri} oy vbhbdybm }l }nb ihobk} dkm }nb kbbm glv



49

vbqlve ndy fbbk ombk}ogobm fy }nb ihobk}+ ]nd} oy( o} mlby kl} okihrmb vbqlve lg fray(go~by( qlvedvlrkmy( b}i+ }nd} dvb }nb vbyrh} lg bdin pvljbi} }bdc cbcfbv‟y okmowomrdh}by}oka pvolv }l vlhh#lr}+ D mbgbi}( ok }nb ilk}b~} lg }noy vbplv}( oy mbgokbm dy lkbdmmo}olkdh( rkphdkkbm( rkfrmab}bm nlrv lg pvljbi} qlve ypbk} lk vbqlve+

]dye Yinbmrhb Wdvodkib

#0+7

#0+2

#0+=

#0+9

#0+6

#0+4

0

0+4

4 6 9 = 2 7 1 > ? 40 44 4 6 4 9 4 = 4 2 47 41 4 >

Clk}n

K l v c d h o z b m Y i n b m r h b W d v o d k i b

Ybvoby4

Goarvb 1+ Yinbmrhb Wdvodkib Vrk Indv} glv Pvb#( Pdv}odh( dkm Grhh Ocpvlwbcbk}+

]dfhb 4 ynlqy }nd} glv }nb pdy} }bk pvljbi}y( }nb dwbvdab pbvibk}dab lg dmmo}olkdh pvljbi}}ocb ypbk} lk vbqlve qdy 41+466>0"+ ]noy pvbybk}bm d moggoirh}( nlqbwbv( ok }nd}vbqlve lkh dpphobm }l indkaby pbvglvcbm dg}bv d pvlmri} ndm fbbk vbhbdybm ok lvmbv }ldhoak }nb grki}olkdho} dkm yilpb lg }nd} pvlmri} qo}n bkm#rybvy‟ kbbmy+

]dfhb 4+ Noy}lvoidh Pvljbi} Vbqlve Mrvd}olky+

Ydcphb Krcfbv Pvljbi} Mrvd}olk

.clk}ny/

Dmmo}olkdh ]ocb Ypbk} Lk Vbqlve

.clk}ny/

4 60+401 9+?>2

6 46+926 4+170

9 44+71> +742

= 42+776 =+007

2 60+202 4+00?

7 >+0>? +??>



4=

1 41+06? =+=?7

> 46+4>4 =+0=>

? 49+006 +4==

40 49+91= 9+2?6

Dwbvdaby 4=+9?> 6+=72

]nbvbglvb( ok lvmbv }l ilhhbi} yrggoiobk} md}d glv }nb Cbdyrvb pndyb( qb qlrhm ndwb ndm}l cdeb indkaby dkm }nbk }vdie }nb kb~} }bk pvljbi}y }l ilcphb}olk ok lvmbv }l mb}bvcokbog }nb indkaby qbvb ilvvbi} dkm yrggoiobk}+ ]noy qlrhm dclrk} }l d cokocrc lg }qlbdvy lg md}d ilhhbi}olk( yokib bdin pvljbi} qlrhm obhm lkb md}d plok}+ Glv }noy vbdylkvbmri}olk lg pvljbi} vbqlve qdy kl} ilkyombvbm dy pdv} lg }nb yilpb lg }noy pvljbi}+

2+0 Dkdhzb dkm Ocpvlwb Pndyby]nb cb}nlmlhla lg cdkdaoka pvljbi}y qdy okwby}oad}bm( qo}n pdv}oirhdv d}}bk}olk fboka pdom }l mb}bvcokb }nb rkmbvhoka idryby }l }nb wdvodkiby fb}qbbk by}ocd}bm dkm di}rdh pvljbi} frmab}y dkm yinbmrhby+ Ypbiogoi ok}bvgdiby dmmvbyybm qbvb ilk}vofr}olky f }nb

ilk}vdi} pvljbi} cdkdabvy( pdy} Lwbvyoan} Avlrp cbcfbvy( dkm }nb bkm#rybvy .krvyokay}dgg/+ Oko}odh lfybvwd}olky qbvb }nd}( dh}nlran d vbpbd}dfhb pvlibyy qdy yb} ok phdib fCdkdabcbk} }l dyyoak frmab}y dkm yinbmrhb mrvd}olky }l pvljbi}y( }nb y}dkmdvm clmbh glv ilkmri}oka dkm cdkdaoka pvljbi}y( }nd} lg }nb PCFLE ]C( qdy kl} fboka glhhlqbm+Ebbpoka }nb Pdvb}l pvokiophb ok cokm( YP=H gbh} }nd} }noy dhlkb ilrhm d}}vofr}b glv }nbcdjlvo} lg frmab} lwbvdaby( yinbmrhb yhoppdaby( dkm bwbk pvljbi} vbqlve+

2+4 B~phlvd}lv Md}d Dkdhyoy

Ryoka }nb PCFLE ]C cb}nlmlhla dy d aromb( qb ombk}ogobm qnd} }nb irvvbk} dy#oycb}nlmlhla oy d} 8IHOBK]; glv ilkmri}oka ok}bvkdh pvljbi}y dkm ilcpdvbm o} }l }nbynlrhm#fb cb}nlmlhla lg PCFLE ]C( ombk}ogoka adpy ok }nb pvlibyy dhlka }nb qd

dkm,lv ocpvlwbcbk}y ok }nb pvlibyy o}ybhg+ Ypbiodh bcpndyoy qdy phdibm lk }nb glhhlqokao}bcy ok }nbov vbypbi}owb pvlibyy avlrpy:

… Oko}od}olk # pvljbi} indv}bv( y}debnlhmbv dkdhyoy

… Phdkkoka # pvljbi} qlve fvbdemlqk y}vri}rvb .QFY/( pvljbi} yinbmrhb( pvljbi} frmab} by}ocd}by dkm }nb pvlibyy ok qnoin by}ocd}by dvb cdmb( voye cdkdabcbk} phdk( trdho} cdkdabcbk} phdk

… Clko}lvoka ' Ilk}vlh # pbvglvcdkib clko}lvoka( cohby}lkb cdkdabcbk}( BdvkbmWdhrb Dkdhyoy( ilvvbi}owb di}olk( voye cdkdabcbk}

2+4+4 Dy#Oy Yy}bc Pvlibyy Drmo}

Gvlc d plho}oidh y}dkmplok} }nb IGL dyebm ry }l dmmvbyy }nb ilkibvky lg }nb krvyoka y}dgg+]noy qdy d allm#gdo}n aby}rvb lk }nb pdv} lg }nb IGL }l ynlq }nb krvyoka y}dgg }nd} }nbov ilkibvky qbvb fboka nbdvm hlrm dkm ihbdv ok nlpby }nd} o} qlrhm ab} fr#ok glv }nb kb~}ocphbcbk}d}olk pvljbi}+ Lkb lg }nb }ql foaaby} ilcphdok}y qdy }nd} klkb lg }nb krvyokay}dgg( o+b+ }nb bkm#rybvy( ndm fbbk ok}bvwobqbm pvolv }l }nb govy} BCV ocphbcbk}d}olk }lmb}bvcokb qnd} }nbov kbbmy qbvb( qnd} cokocrc grki}olkdho} vbtrovbcbk}y }nb yy}bckbbmbm }l ndwb( klv qnd} md}d kbbmbm }l fb ilhhbi}bm glv bdin lg }nb okpr} yivbbky+ Okdmmo}olk( o} qdy lfwolry }nd} kl ivo}bvod ndm fbbk ilccrkoid}bm }l }nb pvljbi} }bdc f



42

}nb Lwbvyoan} Avlrp vbadvmoka rybv diibp}dkib }by}oka+ Mrb }l }nbyb }ql gdi}y( }nbyy}bc kbwbv grki}olkbm dy kbbmbm lkib }nb yy}bc gokdhh qbk} howb dkm clk}ny lg vbqlve qbvb kbbmbm }l fvoka }nb grki}olkdho} rp }l dk diibp}dfhb hbwbh+ Qnbk }noy }lpoiqdy prvyrbm mbbpbv o} qdy moyilwbvbm }nd} o} qdy ilcclk pvdi}oib kl} }l okwlhwb }nb bkmrybvy .o+b+ krvyoka y}dgg/ }l mb}bvcokb }nbov vbtrovbcbk}y+ Oky}bdm( }nb mbioyolk qdy cdmb

d} }nb I^L hbwbh qnd} yy}bc pbvglvcdkib qlrhm fb+

2+4+6 Kdvvd}owb Mbyivop}olk lg Rkmbyovdfhb Bggbi}y

Yrvwby qbvb ilkmri}bm dklkclryh f Ok}bvkb} ryoka qqq+yrvwbclkeb+ilc qo}ncbcfbvy lg }nb krvyoka y}dgg dkm O] y}dgg vbadvmoka yy}bc pbvglvcdkib lg }nb BCV ocphbcbk}d}olk }l md}b+ Lpbk#bkmbm trby}olky( _by,Kl trby}olky( dkm vdkeoka trby}olkyok Ar}}cdk dkm Hoebv} glvcd}y qbvb rybm }l lf}dok d qomb vdkab lg okglvcd}olk+

]nb yrccdv lg vbyplkyby dhhlqbm ry }l trdk}og }nb glhhlqoka rkmbyovdfhb bggbi}y:

… Pvljbi}y qbvb vbdm }l fb vlhhbm lr} fbglvb }nb pvljbi} }bdc,Lwbvyoan} Avlrp fvlran}

ok dk bkm#rybvy }l }v lr} }nb yy}bc+ Dy d vbyrh}( lwbvdhh pvljbi} yinbmrhby qbvbmbhdbm qnohb }nb pvljbi} }bdc okwby}oad}bm ply}#ocphbcbk}d}olk go~by+ ]noy qdy okdmmo}olk }l pvljbi} yinbmrhby dhvbdm ndwoka fbbk mbhdbm dk dwbvdab lg =+79 clk}ny fblkm }nbov lvoaokdh mbdmhokby+

… Ylcb cdkmd}bm AROy vbtrovbm krvyby }l pvlwomb pd}obk} yrfjbi}owb okglvcd}olk.dkyqbvoka _by,Kl trby}olky( fdybm lk pd}obk}y‟ vbyplkyby }l krvyby‟ trby}olky/+Yivbbky momk‟} dhhlq lwbvvomby lg }noy dkm qlrhm kl} dhhlq krvyby }l pvlibbm grv}nbv qo}nlr} dkyqbvy+ Nlqbwbv( cdk pd}obk}y ok ivo}oidh idvb qbvb rkvbyplkyowb mrb }l}nbov okjrvoby dkm ilrhmk‟} pvlwomb vbyplkyby+ Krvyby qlvebm dvlrkm }noy fdkyqbvoka _by lv Kl dkm }nbk qvo}oka ok d }b~} fl~ }nd} nb,ynb vbdhh momk‟} eklq

yokib }nb pd}obk} qdy rkvbyplkyowb+

… Ylcb yivbbky .yrin dy ilhlv mvdokdab gvlc }rfby/ lkh adwb mvlp#mlqk cbkry5nlqbwbv }nb cbkry qbvb gdv gvlc okihryowb lg dhh }nb plyyofhb dkyqbvy+

… Ibv}dok }b~}fl~by hoco}bm }nb krcfbv lg hokby dhhlqbm glv dkyqbvy+ Nlqbwbv(ilkyoy}bk} qo}n }nb pvl}lilh glv qvo}}bk vbplv}y( krvyby ebp} d ircrhd}owb yrccdv lg okglvcd}olk gvlc bdin }ocb ylcblkb ndm indv}bm+ Mrb }l }nb b~}bkmbm y}dy lg ylcb pd}obk}y dkm }nb hoco}bm krcfbv lg dhhlqdfhb hokby ok }nb }b~}fl~by( krvyby qlrhm vrklr} lg ypdib }l pvlwomb dkyqbvy dkm ndm kl inloib fr} }l al fdie }l }nb fbaokkoka lg yrccdvoby }l bvdyb bdvhobv md}d }l cdeb vllc+

… Qlrkm idvb yivbbky al ok ybtrbk}odh lvmbv( o+b+ Qlrkm 4 ’ Y}dab 6 fbmylvb5 Qlrkm 6 ’ Yrvaoidh Okioyolk+ ]nb yy}bc momk‟} dhhlq }nb krvyoka y}dgg }l mbhb}b dk qlrkmy}nd} ndm nbdhbm yl pd}obk}y qlrhm dppbdv dy og }nb qbvb y}ohh yrggbvoka gvlc dhh lg }nbov qlrkmy dhh }nb }ocb+ ]nb qlvedvlrkm ndy fbbk }l ryb }b~}fl~by d} }nb fl}}lc lg }nb yivbbk }l }bhh l}nbvy }l moyvbadvm }nb nbdhbm qlrkmy( fr} }nb krvyoka y}dgg gbbhy }nd}‘}noy cdeby }nbc hlle y}rpom+–



47

… Irvvbk}h( qnbk d krvyb ab}y ok}l }nb yy}bc( }nb yy}bc hldmy dhh lg }nb yivbbky fbglvb }nb krvyb idk pvlibbm .yivbbky dvb }dffbm d} }nb }lp lg }nb ARO/+ Hldmoka d pd}obk}‟y vbilvm vbtrovby d qdo} lg 40 cokr}by lk dwbvdab mrb }l }nb wlhrcb lg okglvcd}olk y}lvbm ok dhh lg d pdv}oirhdv pd}obk}‟y yivbbk dy qbhh dy }nb krcfbv lg rybvylk }nb yy}bc d} dk lkb }ocb+

… Ilcpr}bvy gvbbzb ilky}dk}h dkm eoie krvyby lr} lg }nb yy}bc ok }nb commhb lg indv}oka dg}bv okpr}}oka md}d glv 90 cokr}by .}nb yy}bc mlby kl} ndwb dk dr}lydwbgrki}olkdho} dkm rybvy idk lkh ydwb md}d qnbk }nb‟vb ilcphb}b gokoynbm qo}n dyivbbk dkm vbdm }l clwb lk }l }nb kb~} lkb/+ Okpr} gvlc O] oy }nd} }nb pvolv oyyrb dyqbhh dy }noy lkb dvb mrb }l }nb gdi} }nd} }nb nlypo}dh‟y ybvwbvy mlk‟} yrpplv} }nb wlhrcblg md}d dkm kbbm }l fb rpavdmbm”d ily} }nd} qdy kl gdi}lvbm ok}l }nb lvoaokdh frmab}+]binkoidh mrb mohoabkib lg ybvwbv hldm idpdio} qdy pbvglvcbm pvolv }l avbbkhoan}oka}nb pvljbi} fr} o} lkh by}dfhoynbm }nb idpdfoho} lg fboka dfhb }l yd}oyg }nb kbbmy lg }nb oko}odh yilpb+ Kl dmmo}olkdh mrb mohoabkib qdy pbvglvcbm pvolv }l dmmoka bdinkbq grki}olkdho} vbtrovbcbk} }nd} }nb Lwbvyoan} Avlrp dmmbm+

… Oko}odhh( ilcpr}bvy qbvb ilkkbi}bm }l }nb ybvwbv wod qovbhbyy hoke fr} qbvb troiehvbdhozbm }l fb klkgrki}olkdh .mvlppoka yoakdhy dkm hlyoka md}d/ mrb }l }nb pvl~oco}lg cdk vllcy }l CVO dkm ~#vd btropcbk}+ Cdk qbvb vbphdibm f ndvmqovbmhdp}lpy lk idv}y .ilcpr}bvy lk qnbbhy( lv ILQy/ dkm }nb b~pbkmo}rvb dkm }ocb qbvbkbwbv gdi}lvbm ok}l }nb pvljbi}+

… Indv}oka lk pdpbv qlrhm }deb }nb krvyoka y}dgg gowb cokr}by+ Dg}bv }nb vlhhlr} o} }lle 62 cokr}by }l 20 cokr}by }l indv} wod }nb ilcpr}bv+

… Folcb}voi dr}nbk}oid}olk mbwoiby .}nrcfpvok} yidkkbvy/ qbvb prvindybm glv dhh lg }nb

ilcpr}bvy fr} qbvb kl} pdv} lg }nb oko}odh yilpb( yinbmrhb( lv frmab}+ ]nbyb qbvb prvindybm dy d go~ }l iovircwbk} }nb dclrk} lg }ocb o} }lle glv d krvyb }l hldm rp nbv yivbbk dy ynb clwbm gvlc lkb pd}obk}‟y vllc }l dkl}nbv+ Oky}bdm( d krvyb ilrhm ndwbnbv md}d yivbbky fb lpbk lk crh}ophb ilcpr}bvy+ Clk}ny dg}bv }nb prvindyb O] ndy kl} fbbk dfhb }l ok}bvgdib }nb }nrcfpvok} yidkkbvy qo}n }nb ILQy+

Vbyplkyby gvlc glvcbv pvljbi} }bdc cbcfbvy( okihrmoka pdy} pvljbi} cdkdabvy y}ohhqlveoka glv 8IHOBK];( fvlran} glv}n }nb glhhlqoka oyyrby qo}n vbypbi} }l pvljbi} phdkkoka dkm clko}lvoka:

… ]nb pvljbi} qdy phdkkbm dy o} pvlibbmbm+ ]nb pdiedab qdy mbhowbvbm f }nb wbkmlv

dkm }nb }bdc yb} lr} eklqoka Plok} D dkm Plok} Z( fr} mbwbhlpbm Plok}y F#_ dy }nbqbk} dhlka+

… Ily} qdy kl} d gdi}lv+ ]nbvb qdy d frmab} }nd} qdy ivbd}bm f }nb Lwbvyoan} Avlrp fr} }nd} frmab} krcfbv qdy kl} ilccrkoid}bm mlqk }l }nb pvljbi} cdkdabv lv }bdc}l glhhlq lk d }dye#f#}dye fdyoy+ O} qdy rkmbvy}llm }nd} ocphbcbk}d}olk lg }nbyy}bc qdy d vbtrovbcbk} dkm o} qlrhm ‘ily} qnd}bwbv o} ily} }l ab} }nb jlf mlkb–+



41

… Yinbmrhb qdy kl} d gdi}lv+ Cdk }ocby mrvoka }nb pvljbi} }nb }bdc qdy movbi}bm }ldmm clvb grki}olkdho} dkm cdk }ocby }nb kbbmbm }l al fdie }l rkml }nokay }nbndm dhvbdm ilcphb}bm+ Bwbk qnbk }noy qdyk‟} yl }nb dmmo}olkdh yilpb cbdk} }nd}qnd}bwbv mbdmhokb qdy lvoaokdhh }nvlqk lr} .lv yrfybtrbk}h }nvlqk lr}/ qdy cll}+

… ]nb pvljbi} cdkdabv vbplv}bm fdie }l }nb Lwbvyoan} Avlrp qnbkbwbv noanbv#hbwbh}dyey ndm fbbk ilcphb}bm( yrin dy }nb oky}dhhd}olk lg yrf#pdiedab grki}olkdho}+Vbarhdv vbplv}oka }l }nb Lwbvyoan} Avlrp qdyk‟} vbtrovbm+

… ]nb pvljbi} }bdc qdy movbi}bm }l ilccrkoid}b pvlavbyy dkm oyyrby lkh }l }nbLwbvyoan} Avlrp+

YPGH ombk}ogobm dkm ok}bvwobqbm pdy} cbcfbvy lg Lwbvyoan} Avlrpy }l mb}bvcokb qnd}}nbov vlhby qbvb ok }nb pvljbi}( }nb pvlibyy }nb glhhlqbm }l oko}od}b dkm phdk pvljbi}y( dkm}nb pl}bk}odh ocpdi} lg }nbov vlhby+ ]noy okglvcd}olk qdy id}balvozbm ok diilvmdkib qo}n}nb pvlibyy avlrpy .PAy/ lg }nb PCFLE ]C+

PA#4 Oko}od}olk

… Ombk}og Pvljbi} Cdkdabv ’ ]noy y}bp oy kl} pbvglvcbm d} }noy bdvh y}dab( fr}vd}nbv mbhdbm rk}oh voan} fbglvb }nb pvljbi} qdy yinbmrhbm }l fbaok }l ydwb ily}y

… Ivbd}b Pvljbi} Indv}bv ’ D pvljbi} indv}bv ndy kl} fbbk ivbd}bm glv dk pvljbi}+

… Ombk}og Y}debnlhmbvy ’ ]nb Lwbvyoan} Avlrp ilkyombvbm }nbcybhwby dkm Ybkolv Cdkdabcbk} }l fb }nb lkh y}debnlhmbvy lg dk pvljbi}+

… Mb}bvcokb Pvljbi} Lfjbi}owby ’ Noan#hbwbh lfjbi}owby qbvb ivbd}bm f }nb O]Movbi}lv dkm qbvb dhqdy glirybm lk }nb O] lfjbi}owby

… Mb}bvcokb Dyyrcp}olky dkm Ilky}vdok}y ’ O] dyyrcp}olky dkm ilky}vdok}y qbvbilkyombvbm+

… Ivbd}b Pvljbi} Yilpb Y}d}bcbk} ’ Ivbd}bm f O] Movbi}lv ' Lwbvyoan} Avlrp

PA #6 Phdkkoka

… Ivbd}b grhh#yidhb pvljbi} yilpb y}d}bcbk} ’ Lkh d pvbhocokdv yilpb y}d}bcbk}qdy rybm+

… Ivbd}b Qlve Fvbdemlqk Y}vri}rvb .QFY/ ’ ]nb pvljbi} }bdc ivbd}bm noan#hbwbh.o+b+ yrccdv }dye hbwbh/ }dyey d} }nb lkyb} lg pvljbi} b~bir}olk dkm bdinokmowomrdh cbcfbv vbyplkyofhb glv }nb lwbvyoan} lg }dye qlve ebp} cbk}dh }dfy lg qnd} yrf}dyey kbbmbm }l fb pbvglvcbm+ ]nbyb qbvbk‟} mlircbk}bm ok dk ahlfdhQFY+

… Ivbd}b Rybv Vbtrovbcbk}y mlircbk}d}olk ’ Lwbvyoan} Avlrp moi}d}bm qnd} }nb

yy}bc vbtrovbcbk}y qlrhm fb qo}nlr} okpr} gvlc bkm#rybvy+ ]nbyb vbtrovbcbk}yqbvb kl} mlircbk}bm fr} oky}bdm qbvb ilccrkoid}bm lvdhh }l }nb pvljbi}cdkdabv+

… Pvljbi} Frmab} ’ Lwbvyoan} Avlrp ivbd}bm pvljbi} frmab} fdybm lk dk b~pbv}#lpokolk dyybyycbk} f }nb O] Movbi}lv lg dk dppvl~ocd}b pvljbi} frmab}+ O} qdyrkmbvy}llm }nd} frmab}y qbvb fdhhpdve goarvby }nd} }nd} dmmo}olkdh clkb qlrhm fbdppvlpvod}bm glv pvljbi}y qnbk kbbmbm+



4>

… Pvljbi} Yinbmrhb ’ D ybvoby lg b~pbi}bm cohby}lkby qdy ivbd}bm f }nb O] Movbi}lv wod ilccrkoid}olk qo}n }nb pvlmri} wbkmlv+ ]noy cohby}lkb indv} dhyl hoy}bm }nbb~pbi}bm pvljbi} mrb md}b+

… Voye Phdk ’ ]nb Lwbvyoan} Avlrp mlircbk}bm voyey wod ilccrkoid}olk qo}n pvlmri} wbkmlv+ Kl glvcdh( mb}dohbm( pvljbi} voye phdk qdy mbwbhlpbm+

… Ilccrkoid}olk Phdk ’ Ilccrkoid}olk phdky qbvb gbh} }l fb rkkbibyydv yokib}nb pvljbi} cdkdabv( lkib novbm( qlrhm fb vbtrovbm }l cbb} qo}n }nb lwbvyoan}Movbi}lvy lk dk dy#kbbmbm fdyoy+

… Pvlirvbcbk} Phdk ’ ]nb O] Movbi}lv vbcdokbm ok indvab lg pvlirvbcbk} ndwoka pvolv eklqhbmab lg pl}bk}odh wbkmlvy+

… Trdho} Phdk .okihrmoka bkm#rybv vbtrovbcbk} mlircbk}d}olk ' rybv diibp}dkib}by}oka/ ’ Lwbvyoan} Avlrp cbcfbvy gbh} }nb ilrhm dmmvbyy dk grki}olkdho}vbtrovbcbk}y,oyyrby dkm mom kl} qdk} }l okwlhwb }nb krvyoka y}dgg+ Trdho} ilk}vlhqdy hbg} }l }nb okmowomrdh pvljbi} }bdc cbcfbv }l plhoib noy lv nbv lqk qlve+

… Pvljbi} Cdkdabcbk} Phdk ’ Kl pvljbi} cdkdabcbk} phdk qdy mlircbk}bm+Cdkdabcbk} lg }nb pvljbi} qdy mlkb lk dk dm#nli fdyoy+

PA #9 B~bir}olkYokib b~bir}olk lg d pvljbi} oy yl ypbiogoi }l }nb kd}rvb lg bdin okmowomrdh pvljbi}( }nbvb oykl wdhrb#dmmbm qd }l ilcpdvb Dy#Oy }l Ynlrhm#Fb gvlc }nb y}dkmplok} lg d vbpbd}dfhbocpvlwbcbk} }l d pvlibyy+

PA #= Clko}lvoka ' Ilk}vlh

… Bdvkbm Wdhrb Dkdhyoy .BWD/ ’ BWD cbdyrvbcbk}y glv ily} dkm yinbmrhb}vdieoka dkm ilk}vlh qbvb kl} cdmb mrvoka }nb hogbiihb lg }nb pvljbi} klv mom }nbmd}d b~oy} }l dhhlq }nbc }l fb cdmb+

… Y}d}ry cbb}okay ’ Nbhm lkib pbv clk}n dclka }nb pvljbi} }bdc }l ombk}og

}binkoidh oyyrby dkm pvlavbyy+ Pvlavbyy qdy dyibv}dokbm fdybm lk plhhoka }bdccbcfbvy irvvbk}h bkadabm lk }dyey glv }nbc }l aowb }nbov fby} arbyyby dy }l nlqgdv dhlka ok }nb pvljbi} }nb qbvb dy qbhh dy }nbov fby} arbyy d} cbb}okacohby}lkby+ Ylcb }bdc cbcfbvy dieklqhbmabm }nd} ombk}ogoka pbvibk}ilcphb}olk lg }dyey qdy yocph d arbyy dkm }nd} cohby}lkby }nd} ndm fbbk vbplv}bm f dy ilcphb}b qbvb ok gdi} okilcphb}b+ Y}d}ry qdy ilccrkoid}bm }l Lwbvyoan}Avlrp lkh qnbk dyebm lv qnbk }nb pvljbi} }bdc gbh} o} ndm no} d cohby}lkb+

… Pvl}l}pb drmo}y,qdhe}nvlrany ’ Pvl}l}pby lg AROy( vbplv} glvcd}y( b}i+ qbvb kl}ivbd}bm+ Dmjry}cbk}y qbvb cdmb dg}bv vlhhlr}y( fdybm lk bkm#rybv vbyplkyby+

… Ilvvbi}owb Di}olk ’ Ilvvbi}owb di}olk qdy kl} }debk yokib yinbmrhb dkm ily} qbvbkl} fboka clko}lvbm+

… Trdho} Dyyrvdkib,Ilk}vlh ’ Trdho} ilk}vlh ilkyoy}bm lg okmowomrdhy qlveoka }lgo~ dk pvlavdccoka bvvlvy glrkm }nvlran }nbov lqk okmowomrdh }by}oka fr} yy}bcgo~by qbvb cdmb }l }nb yy}bc lkh dg}bv o} ndm alkb howb+

… Indkab Ilk}vlh ’ Indkab ilk}vlh mom kl} b~oy}+ Indkaby qbvb cdmb }l pvljbi}yilpb qnbkbwbv }nb Lwbvyoan} Avlrp vbtrby}bm }nbc+

… Yilpb Ilk}vlh ## ]nb yilpb lg }nb pvljbi} dkm l}nbvy fbglvb o} avbq dg}bv oko}odhozd}olk dy clvb dkm clvb grki}olkdho} mbwbhlpcbk} qdy dmmbm }l }nb oko}odh



4?

yilpby+ Frmab}y qbvb okivbdybm d} nrab vd}by qnohb mbhdoka }nb pvljbi} clvb dkmclvb+

PA #2 Ihlyblr}

… Ilkgovcd}olk }nd} qlve qdy mlkb }l vbtrovbcbk}y ’ Vbtrovbcbk}y qbvb wdarb+

]nb pvljbi} }bdc qlrhm yoakdh dk bkm }l }nb pvljbi} qnbk }nb gbh} }nb ndmdmmvbyybm }nb kbbmy lg }nb pvljbi}( fdybm lk qnd}bwbv vbtrovbcbk}y }nb Lwbvyoan}Avlrp ndm aowbk }nbc+

… Adok glvcdh diibp}dkib lg }nb pvlmri} ’ Kl glvcdh diibp}dkib qdy aowbk+ ]nb pvljbi} qdy ilkyombvbm ilcphb}b lkib }nb pvljbi} }bdc gbh} o} qdy ilcphb}b+

… Gokdh pbvglvcdkib vbilvmoka ’ ]nb hdie lg rybv grki}olkdho} dkm pbvglvcdkibvbtrovbcbk}y cbdk} }nd} gokdh pbvglvcdkib ndm kl} fbbk vbilvmbm+

… Vbilvm hbyylky hbdvkbm ’ O} qdyk‟} pdv} lg }nb nlypo}dh irh}rvb }l mlircbk} hbyylkyhbdvkbm+

2+4+9 Clmbh Pvlibyy Drmo},Ynlrhm#Fb

Nbvb qb‟wb ombk}ogobm }nb ombdh y}d}b lg nlq pvljbi}y ynlrhm fb oko}od}bm( phdkkbm(b~bir}bm( dkm clko}lvbm( fdybm lk rybv ok}bvwobqy dkm rybv vbtrovbcbk} mlircbk}d}olkdy qbhh dy }nb PCFLE ]C cb}nlmlhla+

Diilvmoka }l }nb PCFLE ]C( ilkmri}oka d pvljbi} oy d vbpbd}dfhb pvlibyy }nd} glhhlqy dypbiogoi cb}nlmlhla+ Dk mbwod}olk gvlc }nd} cb}nlmlhla mbivbdyby }nb indkiby }nd}}nb pvljbi} qohh fb yriibyygrh+ ]nb glhhlqoka dvb }nb vbtrovbm y}bpy ok lvmbv }l ilcphqo}n }noy cb}nlmlhla }nd} b~plkbk}odhh ocpvlwby }nb indkiby lg yriibyy lg d pvljbi}+

PA#4 Oko}od}olk

… Ombk}og Pvljbi} Cdkdabv ’ D PCP#ibv}ogobm( lv d} hbdy} d pvljbi} cdkdabv }vdokbm

}l glhhlq }nb PCFLE cry} fvlran} lk mrvoka Oko}od}olk qnbk o} ndy fbbk mbiombm}l ilkmri} d pvljbi} dkm fbglvb dk pvljbi} phdkkoka ndy fbark+ ]noy oy }nb lkhqd }l bkyrvb }nd} l}nbv dypbi}y lg Oko}od}olk dkm Phdkkoka dvb ilkmri}bm okdiilvmdkib qo}n }nb PCO cb}nlmlhla+

… Ombk}og Y}debnlhmbvy ’ Pvljbi} y}debnlhmbvy f mbgoko}olk dvb }nlyb okmowomrdhyqnl idk fb plyo}owbh lv kbad}owbh ocpdi}bm f d pvljbi} dkm qnl ndwb d wby}bmok}bvby} ok }nb pvljbi}‟y yriibyy+ ]nb dhyl pvlwomb yrfjbi} cd}}bv b~pbv}oyb ok}nbov mlcdoky qnoin dhhlqy }nb pvljbi} }bdc }l ivbd}b vbtrovbcbk} mlircbk}y(yrfy}dk}od}b diibp}dkib ivo}bvod( mb}bvcokb grki}olkdho}oby dkm yy}bc vbyplkybvbtrovbcbk}y( dkm voyey+ ]nb cry} fb ombk}ogobm d} }noy bdvh hbwbh }l fb dfhb }l pvlwomb okglvcd}olk glv phdkkoka+

… Mb}bvcokb Pvljbi} Lfjbi}owby ’ Noan hbwbh pvljbi}y cry} fb ombk}ogobm f }nbyplkylv dkm }nb }lp hbwbh lg cdkdabcbk} yl }nb idk fb ilkioybh ghlqbm mlqk }l pvljbi} }bdcy+

… Mb}bvcokb Dyyrcp}olky dkm Ilky}vdok}y ’ Grhh yy}bc grki}olkdho} vbtrovbcbk}ycry} fb ombk}ogobm .ok}bvgdiby qo}n l}nbv yy}bcy( yy}bc vbyplkyb }ocby(hoco}d}olky }l pvljbi} frmab}( hoco}d}olky }l pvljbi} yilpb( mrvd}olk ilky}vdok}y/



60

… Ivbd}b Pvbhocokdv Pvljbi} Yilpb Y}d}bcbk} ’ O} oy }nb mr} lg }nb pvljbi} cdkdabv }l ivbd}b d pvbhocokdv yilpb y}d}bcbk} fdybm lk pvljbi} lfjbi}owby dkmilky}vdok}y+

PA #6 Phdkkoka

… Ivbd}b grhh#yidhb pvljbi} yilpb y}d}bcbk} ’ O} oy }nb pvljbi} cdkdabv‟y mr}( dhlkaqo}n }nb pvljbi} YCBy( }l ivbd}b }nb grhh#yidhb pvljbi} yilpb y}d}bcbk} fr} lkhdg}bv d pvbhocokdv yilpb y}d}bcbk} ndy fbbk pvbpdvbm }l }nb ihobk}‟y yd}oygdi}olk+

… Ivbd}b QFY ’ }nb pvljbi} cdkdabv oy vbyplkyofhb glv ybboka }nd} d ilcphb}b( grhhQFY oy pvbpdvbm f }nb pvljbi} }bdc+ ]nb QFY cry} kl} lkh ilk}dok yrccdv}dyey fr} dhh kbibyydv yrf}dyey yl }nd} }nb pvljbi} ilrhm fb glhhlqbm f dklkbqo}n yocohdv eklqhbmab dkm fb dfhb }l glhhlq }nb pvlavbyy lg }nb pvljbi}+

… Ivbd}b Rybv Vbtrovbcbk}y mlircbk}d}olk ’ O} oy }nb lfhoad}olk lg }nb pvljbi} }bdc}l ok}bvwobq bkm rybvy d} dhh hbwbhy }l ombk}og vbtrovbcbk}y dkm grki}olkdho}oby }nd}dvb cry}#kbbmy( grki}olkdho}oby }nd} dvb koib }l ndwb fr} rybvy idk howb qo}nlr} og kbibyydv( dkm grki}olkdho}oby }nd} dvb kl} kbbmbm+

… Pvljbi} Frmab} ’ O} oy }nb pvljbi} cdkdabv‟y vbyplkyofoho} }l ivbd}b .lv d} hbdy}hbdm }nb ivbd}olk lg/ }nb pvljbi} frmab}+ O} oy byybk}odh }nd} }nb pvljbi} frmab} fbivbd}bm ryoka }nb fl}}lc#rp by}ocd}oka pvlibyy( glhhlqoka }nb QFY+

… Pvljbi} Yinbmrhb ’ O} oy }nb pvljbi} cdkdabv‟y vbyplkyofoho} }l ivbd}b .lv d} hbdy}hbdm }nb ivbd}olk lg/ }nb pvljbi} yinbmrhb+ O} oy byybk}odh }nd} }nb pvljbi} yinbmrhb fb ivbd}bm ryoka }nb qlve fvbdemlqk y}vri}rvb+

… Voye Phdk ’ O} oy }nb pvljbi} cdkdabv‟y vbyplkyofoho} }l ivbd}b .lv d} hbdy} hbdm }nbivbd}olk lg/ }nb voye phdk+ O} oy byybk}odh }nd} }nb voye phdk fb ivbd}bm ryoka }nbqlve fvbdemlqk y}vri}rvb dy d aromb( fvlebk lr} ok d }dye#f#}dye fdyoy+

… Ilccrkoid}olky Phdk ’ O} oy }nb pvljbi} cdkdabv‟y vbyplkyofoho} }l ivbd}b }nbilccrkoid}olky phdk( ok illvmokd}olk qo}n }nb pvljbi} yplkylv( }l dmmvbyy }nb

ilccrkoid}olk kbbmy lg }nb pvljbi} y}debnlhmbvy+… Pvlirvbcbk} Phdk ’ O} oy }nb pvljbi} cdkdabv‟y vbyplkyofoho} }l ivbd}b }nb

pvlirvbcbk} phdk og d flohbvphd}b phdk oy kl} ok phdib( lv }l iry}lcozb }nb flohbvphd}b phdk }l }nb ypbiogoi kbbmy lg }nb pvljbi} og lkb oy ok phdib+

… Trdho} Phdk .okihrmoka bkm#rybv vbtrovbcbk} mlircbk}d}olk ' rybv diibp}dkib}by}oka/ ’ O} oy }nb pvljbi} cdkdabv‟y vbyplkyofoho} }l ivbd}b }nb trdho} phdk( okillvmokd}olk qo}n }nb trdho} cdkdabv( }l dmmvbyy }nb vbtrovbcbk}y lg }nb pvljbi}y}debnlhmbvy+

… Pvljbi} Cdkdabcbk} Phdk ’ O} oy }nb pvljbi} cdkdabv‟y vbyplkyofoho} }l ivbd}b }nb pvljbi} cdkdabcbk} phdk( moyiryyoka }nb }pb dkm gvbtrbki lg pvljbi}cdkdabcbk} lwbvyoan} di}owo}oby( byidhd}olk }nvbynlhmy( dkm plyyofhb ilvvbi}owb

di}olk ilky}vdok}y( yokib }nbyb ndwb d fbdvoka lk }nb lwbvdhh pvljbi} frmab}+

PA #9 B~bir}olk K,D

PA #= Clko}lvoka ' Ilk}vlh

… Bdvkbm Wdhrb Dkdhyoy .BWD/ ’ Cry} fb ilkmri}bm lk d clk}nh fdyoy qo}nvbyrh}y ilccrkoid}bm dkm b~phdokbm }l }nb ihobk}+



64

… Y}d}ry cbb}okay ’ Nbhm lkib pbv clk}n }l ombk}og }binkoidh oyyrby dkm pvlavbyy+Cbb}okay ynlrhm dhyl fb rybm }l moyiryy,}vdie,ombk}og voyey dkm oyyrby”dhh }nokay}nd} qlrhm ocpdi} vbqlve dkm pvljbi} mrvd}olky+

… Pvl}l}pb drmo}y,qdhe}nvlrany ’ ]noy cry} fb illvmokd}bm qo}n }nb bgglv}y lg TDdkm }binkoidh .b+a+ O]/ pbvylkkbh }l bkyrvb }nd} pvljbi} cohby}lkby dvb grhh cb}

dkm }l cokocozb plyyofhb vbqlve di}owo}oby+… Ilvvbi}owb Di}olk ’ Cry} fb pbvglvcbm lk dk dy#kbbmbm fdyoy glhhlqoka bdin

vbarhdv BWD dyybyycbk}+

… Trdho} Dyyrvdkib,Ilk}vlh ’ Cry} fb pbvglvcbm lk dk dy#kbbmbm fdyoy dyypbiogobm ok }nb trdho} phdk+

PA #2 Ihlyblr}

… Ilkgovcd}olk }nd} qlve qdy mlkb }l vbtrovbcbk}y ’ ]noy oy }l fb ilkmri}bm f }nb pvljbi} }bdc pvolv }l aloka howb rkmbv }nb drypoiby lg }nb ihobk}+

… Adok glvcdh diibp}dkib lg }nb pvlmri} ’ D glvcdh diibp}dkib pvlibyy cry} fbglhhlqbm ryoka diibp}dkib ivo}bvod }nd} qbvb mbwbhlpbm pvolv }l }nb lkyb} lg }nb

pvljbi} dkm fdybhokbm f }nb y}debnlhmbvy+ Dk indkaby ok diibp}dkib ivo}bvodcry} glhhlq }nb glvcdh indkab ilk}vlh pvlibyy dkm idk yrfybtrbk}h indkab }nbyilpb( frmab}( dkm yinbmrhb+

… Gokdh pbvglvcdkib vbilvmoka ’ Gokdh pbvglvcdkib vbilvmoka lg }nb bkm pvlmri}cry} fb pbvglvcbm dkm yoakbm lgg lk f }nb y}debnlhmbvy+

… Vbilvm hbyylky hbdvkbm ’ Hbyylky hbdvkbm dvb }l fb mlircbk}bm d} }nb bkm lg bwbv y}dab dy qbhh dy }nb bkm lg }nb pvljbi} glv gr}rvb vbgbvbkib,ilk}okrlryocpvlwbcbk}+

2+4+= Pvlibyy Adpy

]nb glhhlqoka adpy ndwb fbbk ombk}ogobm ok }nb pvljbi} cb}nlmlhla d} 8IHOBK]; qo}nvbilccbkmd}olky glv ocpvlwbcbk}+

PA#4 Oko}od}olk

… Ombk}og Pvljbi} Cdkdabv ’ B~pbvobkibm pvljbi} cdkdabvy dvb kl} fvlran} lk ok}nb pvljbi} bdvh bklran lv d} dhh+ ]noy bgglv} oy ilk}vdmoi}lv }l bgglv}y }lcokocozb pvljbi} ily}y dkm ndy ilk}vofr}bm }l }nb rkilk}vlhhbm byidhd}olk ok ily}y+

… Ivbd}b Pvljbi} Indv}bv ’ ]nb pvljbi} indv}bv ndy kl} fbbk ivbd}bm dkm cry} fbmlkb fbglvb dk pvljbi} phdkkoka }deby phdib+ Ivbd}oka }nb indv}bv pbvglvcy dkrcfbv lg di}olky”o} aowby }nb pvljbi} cdkdabv }nb ilvvbi} hbwbh lg dr}nlvo} dkm fdieavlrkm glv }nb pvljbi}( o} glviby dk ombk}ogoid}olk lg }nb fryokbyy kbbm(

y}debnlhmbvy( dkm dyyrcp}olky,ilky}vdok}y+ O} dhyl mlircbk}y }nb pvbhocokdvyilpb lg }nb pvljbi}+

… Ombk}og Y}debnlhmbvy ’ Y}debnlhmbv ombk}ogoid}olk qdy kl} pbvglvcbm dkm kbbmy }l fb+ D} 8IHOBK];( }nlyb y}debnlhmbvy qlrhm fb ylcblkb gvlc Yv+ Cdkdabcbk}(}nb Movbi}lvy lg }nb wdvolry rko}y d} }nb nlypo}dh qnbvb ryb lg }nb yy}bc qlrhm fbvbtrovbm( dy qbhh dy vbpvbybk}d}owby lg }nb bkm#rybvy }nbcybhwby .o+b+( KrvyokaYrpbvwoylvy( Pd}obk} Idvb Illvmokd}lvy .PIIy/( b}i+/+ Qnohb o} oy }vrb }nd} }nb pd}obk}y }nbcybhwby qlrhm fb ocpdi}bm f pvljbi}y( }nbov ocpdi} oy okmovbi} dkm



66

}nbov hbwbh lg eklqhbmab lg dk pvljbi} oko}od}owb oy yl cokocdh dy }l fb klk#b~oy}bk}( }nbvbglvb( }nb dvb kl} ilkyombvbm }l fb bklran lg d y}debnlhmbv }l ndwb dwloib ok phdkkoka+

… Mb}bvcokb Pvljbi} Lfjbi}owby ’ Mrb }l }nb hdie lg y}debnlhmbv ombk}ogoid}olk(noan#hbwbh lfjbi}owby qbvb kl} ilkyombvbm divlyy }nb bk}bvpvoyb+ O} oy }nb

vbyplkyofoho} lg }nb O] Movbi}lv dkm Lwbvyoan} Avlrp }l ivbd}b }nb noan#hbwbhlfjbi}owby f qnoin }nb pvljbi} }bdc qlrhm ivbd}b }nb hlqbv#lvmbv pvljbi}lfjbi}owby pvolv }l mlircbk}oka }nb rybv vbtrovbcbk}y+

… Mb}bvcokb Dyyrcp}olky dkm Ilky}vdok}y ’ Dh}nlran dyyrcp}olky,ilky}vdok}y qbvbcdmb f Cdkdabcbk} dy qbhh dy }nb pvljbi} }bdc( mlircbk}d}olk lg }nbc qdy kl} pbvglvcbm dkm kl wdhomd}olk lg }nbc qdy ilkmri}bm qo}n }nb grhh yb} lg y}debnlhmbvy+

… Ivbd}b Pvljbi} Yilpb Y}d}bcbk} ’ ]nb pvljbi} yilpb y}d}bcbk} qdy qbde ok }nd} o}mom kl} pvlwomb ypbiogoi grki}olkdho} vbtrovbcbk}y klv moyiryy qnd} qdy }l fbmbbcbm lr} lg yilpb+

PA #6 Phdkkoka… Ivbd}b grhh#yidhb pvljbi} yilpb y}d}bcbk} ’ Vbyrh}y ynlq }nd} }nb pvljbi} }bdcy

qbvb bo}nbv yd}oygobm qo}n }nb pvbhocokdv yilpb y}d}bcbk}( inlyb kl} }l mbwbhlp dgrhhbv yilpb y}d}bcbk}( lv qbvb movbi}bm kl} }l ivbd}b lkb+

… Ivbd}b Qlve Fvbdemlqk Y}vri}rvb .QFY/ ’ D mb}dohbm QFY( lkb }nd} ilk}dokbmkl} lkh }dyey d} }nb noanbv yrccdv hbwbh( fr} vd}nbv lkb }nd} qbk} }nvbb lv glrv hbwbhy mbbp( qdy kl} mbwbhlpbm+ Qnbk ok}bvwobqbm( bdin }binkoidh pbvylk qnlndm qlvebm lk pvljbi}y ndm gbh} }nd} nb lv ynb ekbq bklran dflr} qnd} kbbmbm }l fb mlkb }nd} o} qdyk‟} kbibyydv }l mbwbhlp d QFY+ ]noy oy d coyilkibp}olk dkmdhcly} dhqdy hbdmy }l okilvvbi} frmab} dkm yinbmrhb by}ocd}olk dy qbhh dyrkmlircbk}bm voyey+

… Ivbd}b Rybv Vbtrovbcbk}y mlircbk}d}olk ’ Cdkdabcbk} dkm,lv }nb Lwbvyoan}Avlrp moi}d}bm qnd} }nb vbtrovbcbk}y lg }nb yy}bcy }l fb ocphbcbk}bm qlrhm fb+Okpr} qdy kl} lf}dokbm gvlc bkm#rybvy vbadvmoka grki}olkdho} vbtrovbcbk}y(vbplv}oka kbbmy( gdi}lvy ivo}oidh }l trdho}( diibp}dkib ivo}bvod( b}i+

… Pvljbi} Frmab} ’ ]nb Lwbvyoan} Avlrp dkm kl} }nb pvljbi} }bdc ivbd}bm }nb frmab}+ D frmab} qdy dyyoakbm”}nb mlhhdv dclrk} inlybk qdy d mlhhdv hbwbh }nd}}nb lwbvyoan} Fldvm gbh} ilcglv}dfhb qo}n dg}bv ab}}oka yy}bc trl}by gvlcwbkmlvy+ Bwbk qo}n }noy yrflp}ocdh cb}nlm( mlhhdvy ilrhm ndwb fbbk dpplv}olkbmmlqkqdvm }l }dyey fdybm lk ylcb pbvibk}dab lf}dokbm gvlc b~pbv} lpokolk lg pvljbi} YCBy lv }nb O] Cdkdabv+ ]nb ilvvbi} cb}nlm oy }nd} }nb frmab} ynlrhmndwb fbbk ivbd}bm ryoka }nb fl}}lc#rp by}ocd}oka cb}nlmlhla qnbvbf }nb QFY

oy fvlebk lr} ok}l yrf }dyey dkm bdin yrf }dye‟y frmab} oy by}ocd}bm+ ]nb frmab}glv bdin }dye oy }nb yrc lg o}y vbypbi}owb yrf }dyey5 }nb frmab} glv bdin yrccdv}dye oy jry} }nb yrc lg o}y vbypbi}owb }dyey( dkm }nb }l}dh frmab} lg }nb pvljbi} oy}nbk }nb yrc lg o}y vbypbi}owb yrccdv }dyey+

… Pvljbi} Yinbmrhb ’ Kbo}nbv }nb Lwbvyoan} Avlrp klv }nb pvljbi} cdkdabvy ivbd}bmd pvljbi} yinbmrhb+ Oky}bdm( dk dvfo}vdv mbdmhokb ok }nb gr}rvb qdy yb} dkm bgglv}yqbvb cdmb }l }v }l no} }nd} md}b+ O} qdy gbh} f dhh }binkoidh y}dgg ok}bvwobqbm }nd}}nb mbdmhokb ybvwbm clvb lg d aromb dkm kl} d vbtrovbcbk}+ D pvljbi} yinbmrhb(





6=

… Pvl}l}pb drmo}y,qdhe}nvlrany ’ Klkb qbvb ilkmri}bm+ O} oy byybk}odh }nd} bkmrybvy fb dhhlqbm }l vbwobq( wdhomd}b( dkm diibp} pvl}l}pby }l cokocozb vbqlve(cdok}dok }nb ok}bavo} lg }nb pvljbi} yilpb( dkm ilk}okrb rybv okwlhwbcbk} dkm fr#ok+

… Ilvvbi}owb Di}olk ’ Kl di}olk qdy }debk }l ilvvbi} yinbmrhb dkm,lv ily}

wdvodkiby( diilrk}oka glv nrab ily} dkm yinbmrhb wdvodkiby+… Trdho} Dyyrvdkib,Ilk}vlh ’ Trdho} dyyrvdkib qdy kl} pbvglvcbm+ Trdho}

}by}oka qdy pbvglvcbm dy dk bkm vbyrh} lg }nb vlhh#lr} qnoin diilrk}y glv }nbvbqlve }nd} qdy d cdjlv pdv} lg cly} pvljbi}y+

… Indkab Ilk}vlh ’ Kl indkab ilk}vlh pvlibyy qdy mlircbk}bm lv bkdi}bm+ Yilpbindkaby qbvb cdmb lg}bk vbadvmhbyy lg frmab} dkm yinbmrhb+

PA #2 Ihlyblr}

… Ilkgovcd}olk }nd} qlve qdy mlkb }l vbtrovbcbk}y ’ Kl} pbvglvcbm+

… Adok glvcdh diibp}dkib lg }nb pvlmri} ’ Glvcdh diibp}dkib qdy kl} aowbk dkmdiibp}dkib ivo}bvod qbvb kl} ylhoio}bm+

… Gokdh pbvglvcdkib vbilvmoka ’ Kl} pbvglvcbm… Vbilvm hbyylky hbdvkbm ’ Kl} pbvglvcbm

2+6 ‘Ivo}oidh#]l Indvdi}bvoy}oiy– dkm MPCLy]nb ivo}oidh#}l#ily} .I]I/ wdvodfhb glv }nb pvlibyy oy }nb pvljbi} ily} wdvodkib .IW/(ypbiogoidhh( }nb rkilvvbi}bm wdvodkib+ D wdvodkib idk fb rkilvvbi}bm bo}nbv fbidryb o}ndyk‟} fbbk ilk}vlhhbm”o+b+ oaklvbm dkm kl} fvlran} fdie ok hokb qo}n b~pbkmo}rvbglvbidy}y”lv o} oy kl hlkabv ilk}vlhhdfhb”}nb d}}bcp} }l fvoka o} fdie ok hokb qo}nb~pbkmo}rvb glvbidy}y ndppbkbm }ll hd}b dkm dk d}}bcp} }l ilvvbi} }nb wdvodkib qohh fb}ll ily}h( kl} gbdyofhb( lv }nb b~pbkmo}rvb glvbidy} o}ybhg .gvlc qnoin IW oy mbvowbm/ qdydvfo}vdv dy ok }nb idyb lg pvljbi}y d} 8IHOBK];+ ]nb MPCL nbvb oy mbgokbm dy }nb

krcfbv lg rkilvvbi}bm ily} lwbvdab bwbk}y pbv lpplv}rko}+ Yokib di}rdh }l phdkkbmb~pbkmo}rvby dvb ilcpdvbm lk d clk}nh fdyoy( bdin clk}nh lfybvwd}olk dkm ilcpdvoylkoy ilkyombvbm lkb lpplv}rko}+ ]nry mbgokbm( }nb MCPL( fdybm lk Goarvb = oy

4(000(000 ~ .4 lfybvwbm mbgbi},clk}nh lfybvwd}olk/ 3 4(000(000+

Fdybm lk }nb lfybvwd}olky ynlqk ok Goarvb =( kbad}owb ily} wdvodkiby lk dwbvdab divlyy}nb gowb pdy} pvljbi}y .yoakogoka dk lwbv frmab} ilkmo}olk/ ndm dhvbdm voybk f }nb govy}lfybvwd}olk dkm }nb wdvodkiby avbq hdvabv glv bdin yriibyyowb lfybvwd}olk+ Kl d}}bcp} d}ilvvbi}owb di}olk qdy }debk+

]nb ivo}oidh#}l#yinbmrhb .I]Y/ wdvodfhb glv }noy pvlibyy oy }nb pvljbi} yinbmrhb wdvodkib(ypbiogoidhh }nb rkilvvbi}bm wdvodkib( mbgokbm yocohdvh }l }nb I]I+ ]nb MPCL nbvb oymbgokbm dy }nb krcfbv lg rkilvvbi}bm yinbmrhb yhoppdab bwbk}y pbv lpplv}rko}+ Yokibdi}rdh }l phdkkbm pbvglvcdkib oy ilcpdvbm lk d clk}nh fdyoy( bdin clk}nh lfybvwd}olkdkm ilcpdvoylk oy ilkyombvbm lkb lpplv}rko}+ ]nry mbgokbm( }nb MCPL( fdybm lkGoarvb 2 oy

4(000(000 ~ .4 lfybvwbm mbgbi},clk}nh lfybvwd}olk/ 3 4(000(000+



62

Fdybm lk }nb lfybvwd}olky ynlqk ok Goarvb 2( kbad}owb yinbmrhb wdvodkiby lk dwbvdabdivlyy }nb gowb pdy} pvljbi}y .yoakogoka d yinbmrhb mbhd ilkmo}olk/ ndm dhvbdm voybk f}nb govy} lfybvwd}olk dkm }nb wdvodkiby avbq hdvabv glv bdin yriibyyowb lfybvwd}olk+ Kld}}bcp} d} ilvvbi}owb di}olk qdy }debk+

2+9 Gr}rvb Pbvglvcdkib HbwbhyDvardfh( }nb ombdh }dvab} wdhrby glv IW" dkm YW" vbypbi}owbh dvb ok }nb vdkab 0+0 }l0+02( }nd} oy( lk frmab} dkm lk yinbmrhb }l yhoan}h rkmbv frmab} dkm yhoan}h dnbdm lg yinbmrhb+ Nlqbwbv( pvljbi} frmab}y dkm yinbmrhby dvb by}ocd}by( bwbk d} }nbov fby}( dkmdvb dhyl y}lindy}oi ok kd}rvb5 }nb mrvd}olk lg dk vbpbd}dfhb }dye .dkm nbkib o}y ily}/ qohhgdhh ylcbqnbvb qo}nok d hla#klvcdh moy}vofr}olk+ ]nb }dvab} wdvodkib coan} dhyl fbmbpbkmbk} lk }nb kd}rvb lg }nb pvljbi} dy qbhh+ Qnohb }nbvb qohh fb ylcb pvljbi}y }nd}cry} fb ilcphb}bm lk }ocb( vbadvmhbyy lg ily}( }nbvb coan} fb l}nbvy }nd} cry} fbilcphb}bm qo}nok frmab}( vbadvmhbyy lg yinbmrhb+ ]nb gr}rvb pbvglvcdkib hbwbhy moi}d}bm f }noy pvljbi} }vbd} }nb cdjlvo} lg }nlyb pvljbi}y }nd} gdhh ylcbqnbvb qo}nok }nbyb }qlb~}vbcby+

O} oy vbdylkdfhb glv dk lvadkozd}olk }nd} ndy alkb gvlc dk dm#nli pvljbi} cdkdabcbk}dppvldin }l ylcb}noka clvb glvcdhozbm }l gdhh qo}nok d }dvab} IW" dkm YW" vdkab lg 0+0 ´ +40+ Gr}rvb oko}od}owby }l vdoyb }nb lvadkozd}olk gvlc d pvljbi} cdkdabcbk} cd}rvo}clmbh .PCCC/ Hbwbh 6 .glvcdhozd}olk lg }nb pvljbi} cdkdabcbk} cb}nlmlhla/ }l dnoanbv hbwbh idk fb dyyliod}bm qo}n ilk}okrlry ocpvlwbcbk} }l vbmrib }noy vdkab bwbkgrv}nbv+ Nlqbwbv( d }dvab} IW dkm YW lg 0+0 ´ +40 oy d yrggoiobk} }dvab} glv gr}rvb pbvglvcdkib hbwbhy qo}nok qnoin }l ilk}vlh pvljbi}y+

7+0 Ilk}vlh Pndyb

7+4 Cdok}dokoka ]nb Adoky Cdmb

Dy kl}bm ok }noy mlircbk} }nbvb dvb ybwbvdh phdiby qnbvb mbwod}olky gvlc }nb y}dkmdvm pvljbi} cdkdabcbk} clmbh b~oy}bm+ F gliryoka lk }ql dvbdy( }nlyb lg frmab},yinbmrhbby}ocd}b dkm frmab},yinbmrhb clko}lvoka dkm ilk}vlh( qb mbclky}vd}bm }nb wbv plyo}owbbggbi} }nd} fby} pvdi}oiby ok bdin lg }nbyb obhm+

Goarvb > ilk}doky }nb yraaby}bm gr}rvb y}d}b pvlibyy cdp }l fb glhhlqbm ok lvmbv }l ebbp}nb pvljbi} frmab} dkm yinbmrhb ok ilk}vlh+

Krvyoka



67

]bin Yrpplv}

Ilk}vdi}lv,

Ok}bvkdh PC

Cdkdabcbk}

Goarvb >+ Gr}rvb y}d}b pvlibyy cdp glv frmab},yinbmrhb by}ocd}olk( clko}lvoka( dkm

ilk}vlh+

]nbvb dvb y}bpy ok phdib }l ilk}vlh frmab} dkm yinbmrhby dy d pdv} lg lkaloka ilk}vlh:4+ ]nb ryb lg Fdyoy lg By}ocd}b Ynbb}y glv pvljbi} mrvd}olk dkm frmab} by}ocd}oka lk

d }dye#f#}dye fdyoy .Ybb Dppbkmo~ A/+6+ ]nb ryb lg ]ocb#Pndybm Frmab} Ynbb}y .ded Hdflv Phdkkoka Ynbb}y/ }l dhhlq glv

pvlpbv clko}lvoka dkm ilk}vlh .Ybb Dppbkmo~ N/+9+ ]nb ryb lg Bdvkbm Wdhrb Dkdhyoy d} vbarhdv( clk}nh ok}bvwdhy }l mb}bvcokb

qnb}nbv frmab} dkm,lv yinbmrhb dvb ok lv lr} lg ilk}vlh+



61

=+ Pvljbi} ilk}vlh indv}y rybm }l }vdie klvcdhozbm ily} wdvodkib .IW"/ dkmklvcdhozbm yinbmrhb wdvodkib .YW"/ dkm dhyl }l phl} IW" dadoky} YW" }l pvlwomb d troie woyrdh mb}bvcokd}olk lg qnb}nbv ilvvbi}owb di}olk dkm,lv byidhd}olk oy kbbmbm+

2+ ]nb ryb lg clk}nh y}d}ry vbplv}y mb}dohoka pvlavbyy }l md}b( b~pbkmo}rvby }l md}b(

voyey( oyyrby( yriibyyby( dkm l}nbv pvljbi} md}d pbv}okbk} }l y}debnlhmbvy+

Ok lvmbv }l bkyrvb }nb y}dfoho} lg adoky cdmb ok }noy pvljbi}( qb yrfco} }nd} }nb glhhlqokadmmo}olkdh o}bcy ynlrhm fb pr} ok phdib:

… Plhoi indkaby ’ Ilvplvd}b plhoioby ynlrhm fb indkabm qo}n vbypbi} }l nlq pvljbi}ydvb phdkkbm+ ]nb vbyplkyofoho} lg frmab}y dkm yinbmrhby ynlrhm fb }nd} lg }nb pvljbi}cdkdabv dkm pvljbi} }bdc dkm ynlrhm fb ilkmri}bm ok }nb dfybkib lg Ybkolv Cdkdabcbk} yl dy kl} }l fody }nb by}ocd}b( qo}n gokdh dppvlwdh fboka vbybvwbm glv Ybkolv Cdkdabcbk}+ Og Cdkdabcbk} qbvb }l vbtrovb }nd} dk okmbpbkmbk}h mbvowbm frmab} fb vbmribm o} cry} fb vbmribm f }voccoka yilpb dkm kl} dvfo}vdvoh ir}}oka

ily}y+ ]l ml yl qlrhm fb }l okwo}b yinbmrhb dkm ily} pdmmoka”dv}ogoiodh okivbdybyqnlyb ylhb prvplyb oy }l ilrk}bvdi} dvfo}vdv mbivbdyby+

… Kbq y}dkmdvmy ’ Y}dkmdvmy cry} fb pr} ok phdib yl }nd} pvljbi} }bdcy dkmy}debnlhmbvy vbdhozb }nd} yhoppdab dkm frmab} lwbvvrky ynlrhm fb }nb b~ibp}olk dkmkl} }nb vrhb+ Indkaby ok yilpb cry} dhyl fb hoco}bm dkm dhhlqbm lkh qnbk lg }nbr}cly} ilkibvk yokib }nbyb ocpdi} yinbmrhb( ily}( trdho}( dkm }nb y}dfoho} lg }nblwbvdhh pvljbi} dkm pvlmri}+ Yilpb indkaby cry} fb vbwobqbm f dhh y}debnlhmbvy yl}nd} ocpdi}y }l dhh dggbi}bm dvbdy( fl}n plyo}owb dkm kbad}owb( idk fb wloibm+

… Clmog pvlibmrvby ’ Pvljbi} cdkdabcbk} pvlibmrvby cry} fb indkabm yl }nd}b~pbvobkibm .lv d} hbdy} PCFLE#gdcohodv/ pvljbi} cdkdabvy dvb dhhlqbm }l hbdm pvljbi}y dkm yl }nd} }nbyb ydcb pvljbi} cdkdabvy dvb dhhlqbm }l glhhlq }nb mb gdi}l

cdkdabcbk} cb}nlmlhla lg }nb PCFLE

]C

+… Clmog trdho} dppvdoydh dkm drmo} ivo}bvod ’ Y}debnlhmbv vbpvbybk}d}owby cry} fb

dhhlqbm }l ivbd}b diibp}dkib ivo}bvod dkm drmo} pvl}l}pby }nvlranlr} }nb pvljbi} }lbkyrvb cokocdh vbqlve+

… Rpmd}b pvljbi} frmab} by}ocd}olk clmbhy ’ O} oy rkmbvy}llm }nd} frmab} by}ocd}olk oykl} dk b~di} yiobkib+ Nlqbwbv( o} cry} fb ilkmri}bm }l obhm }nb fby}#yro}dfhb frmab}by}ocd}b glv dk pvljbi} d} ndkm+ Fl}}lc#rp cb}nlmlhla obhmy d clvb diirvd}b pvljbi} frmab} by}ocd}b }ndk dk l}nbv cb}nlm dkm ynlrhm dhqdy fb rybm+

… R}ohozb }nb diilrk}oka yy}bc ’ ]nb nlypo}dh‟y diilrk}oka yy}bc oy idpdfhb lg pvlmrioka clk}nh pvljbi} ily} vbplv}y( ynlqoka nlrvy }l md}b dkm b~pbkmo}rvby }lmd}b+ Pvljbi} cdkdabvy cry} fb dfhb }l vbibowb }nbyb vbplv}y lk d }ocbh( clk}nh

fdyoy ok lvmbv glv }nbc }l pvldi}owbh clko}lv pvljbi} frmab}y dkm yinbmrhby dkm }l}deb ilvvbi}owb di}olk( og kbibyydv( }l fvoka b~pbkmo}rvby dkm yinbmrhb ok hokb qo}n phdkkbm pvlavbyy+

… έvdokoka ’ Og PCP#ibv}ogobm ilk}vdi} pvljbi} cdkdabvy dvb kl} }l fb novbm glv bwbv pvljbi} }nb nlypo}dh cry} bkyrvb }nd} ok}bvkdh pvljbi} cdkdabvy dvb pvlpbvh }vdokbm }lglhhlq }nb PCFLE cb}nlmlhla+ O} oy fbkbgoiodh }nd} dk lwbvwobq lg }nb pvljbi}cdkdabcbk} cb}nlmlhla dhyl fb aowbk }l vbpvbybk}d}owby lg Cdkdabcbk} qo}n dgliry lk nlq pvljbi} cdkdabcbk} vbhd}by }l bkndkioka VLO+



6>

1+0 Ilkihryolk

]nb vbyrh} lg }nb pvljbi} qdy noanh kl}oibdfhb }l }nb IGL dkm }nb vby} lg Ybkolv Cdkdabcbk} dkm dieklqhbmabm }nb ndzdvmy lg kl} glhhlqoka d y}dkmdvmozbm pvljbi}cdkdabcbk} clmbh+ Qnohb o} cd ndwb fbbk gbh} f ylcb }nd} glhhlqoka d pvljbi}

cdkdabcbk} cb}nlmlhla ynlrhm fb hoco}bm ok lvmbv }l ydwb pvljbi} ily}y .dk bgglv} }ldmm }l }nb nlypo}dh‟y fl}}lc hokb/( o} qdy bwombk} }nd} }nb hdie lg pvlpbv phdkkoka dkmlwbvyoan} bgglv}y di}rdhh d}}vofr}bm }l d yopnlkoka lgg lg }nb nlypo}dh‟y fl}}lc hokb}lqdvmy byidhd}oka pvljbi} lwbvypbkmoka+ Dy d vbyrh}( }nb IGL oy ybboka d vbmribmmbcdkm lg dmmo}olkdh nlypo}dh grkmoka }lqdvm pvljbi}y+ 8IHOBK]; ndy d fb}}bv by}ocd}oka( clko}lvoka( dkm ilk}vlh pvlibyy ok phdib dkm dieklqhbmabcbk} .dkmilccrkoid}olk }nbvblg }l }nb krvyoka y}dgg/ lg oyyrby vbhd}bm }l bkm#rybv vbtrovbcbk}yndwb ivbd}bm dk bdabvkbyy lk }nbov pdv} }l dyyoy} ok gr}rvb ocphbcbk}d}olky+ D} }noy plok}(}nb by}ocd}bm ndvm#mlhhdv ydwokay gvlc }noy pvljbi} dvb ok b~ibyy lg -920(000 pbv bdv .fdybm lk yo~ di}owb pvljbi}y/ dkm }nd} oy d movbi} ocpvlwbcbk} lg }nb nlypo}dh‟y fl}}lchokb+ ]nbvb oy kl by}ocd}b lk ylg} mlhhdvy fr} trdk}o}d}owbh( dy dhvbdm dieklqhbmabm(

}nbvb ndy fbbk dk okivbdyb ok }nb clvdhb lg }nb krvyoka y}dgg mrb }l }nb dieklqhbmabcbk}}nd} }nbov okpr} qohh fb rybm ok gr}rvb phdkkoka bgglv}y+

Qb ndwb ombk}ogobm kbq plhoioby dkm pvdi}oiby glv Cdkdabcbk} }l ocphbcbk} dy qbhh dyl}nbv pvljbi} cdkdabcbk} cb}nlmlhla ocpvlwbcbk}y }l idp}rvb bwbk clvb wdhrb+]nbyb dvb ombk}ogobm ok }nb GCBD qlveynbb} dkm okihrmb:

… Ivbd}oka d vbpbd}dfhb Pvljbi} Ybhbi}olk pvlibyy qnbvbf pvljbi}y dkm yilpbclmogoid}olky qohh fb inlybk fdybm lk d krcfbv lg lfjbi}owb ivo}bvod yrin dy VLO dkmallmkbyy lg go} qo}n y}vd}baoi,gokdkiodh lfjbi}owby+

… ]nb ryb lg d Voye Cdkdabcbk} Phdk dkm Voye Cdkdabcbk} Pvlibyy }l ombk}og dkmdcbholvd}b voyey fbglvb }nb dvoyb+

… Rybv vbtrovbcbk} ok}bvwobqy dkm mlircbk}d}olk }l cokocozb pvljbi} vbqlve dkmocpvlwb bkm#rybv fr#ok+

… D Trdho} Cdkdabcbk} Phdk ilkyoy}oka lg ok}bvco}}bk} trdho} drmo}y fvbpvbybk}d}owby lg y}debnlhmbv avlrpy+

… ]nb ocphbcbk}d}olk dkm ryb lg d glvcdh Indkab Ilk}vlh pvlibyy( rybm }l ilkyombv }nb fbkbgo}y dkm mb}vocbk}y }l }nb pvljbi} .yilpb( frmab}( VLO( grki}olkdho}( b}i+/ lg dk pvlplybm yilpb indkaby cdmb lkib }nb pvljbi} ndy fbark+



6?

Dppbkmo~ D # Pvljbi} Indv}bv

Pvljbi} Ocpvlwbcbk} lg Ily} dkm Yinbmrhb Ilk}vlh d} 8IHOBK];

Ivbd}bm F Bm Elzde Md}b 46,6?,600?

Pnlkb 222# 444#4444 Bcdoh BElzde@YriibyygrhPvljbi}yGlvHbdmbvy+ilc

Pvljbi} Kdcb,Krcfbv: Ocpvlwbcbk} lg Ily} dkm Yinbmrhb Ilk}vlh d} 8IHOBK];,Pvljbi} Kl+ 0?#6?46

Yplkylvoka Lvadkozd}olk: Gokdkib

Pvljbi} Yplkylv: Kdcb: Hdvv Evoy}rgbe Pnlkb: 222#222#2222Lggoib Hlid}olk: ?40 Cdoh Y}lp: K,D

Pvljbi} Fhdie Fbh}: Kdcb: Ebwok Vlyy Pnlkb: 222#222#2222Lggoib Hlid}olk: 266 Cdoh Y}lp: K,D

Pvljbi} Avbbk Fbh}: Kdcb: Bm Elzde Pnlkb: 222#444#4444Lggoib Hlid}olk: 266 Cdoh Y}lp: K,D

Eb ]bdc Cbcfbvy .Kdcb/Vlmcdk AllmqokFbkrbkmb KdidkdflJoc VoindvmyYbdk Hdqhbyy

]o}hb,VlhbMFDYv+ Pvlavdccbv Kb}qlve Dmcokoy}vd}lv Movbi}lv

Pnlkb 222#621#7777222#621#777?222#621#7746222#621#4=74

Lggoib Hlid}olk

Pvokiopdh Y}debnlhmbvy .Kdcb/

Aoybhhb Vlfbv}y

Vlfbv} JlkbyYnbwdrk JlnkylkJbkkogbv AbbCoeb FvlqHbkd YjlfhlcIndvhby Hbdin

]o}hb,Vlhb

IBL

IKLIOLO] Cav+PII ’ POIRPII ’ PyinPII # YOIR

Pnlkb 222#621#2222

222#621#4444222#621#4664222#621#4994222#621#4==4222#621#4004222#621#4??4

Lggoib Hlid}olk 4040

2441=619462=71>246

Md}b Indv}bvbm: 46,6?,0?

Pvljbi} Y}dv} Md}b:

4,=,40]dvab} Ilcphb}olk Md}b: >,49,44

Vbwoyolk: 4 Krcfbv: 9 Md}b: 46,6?,0?

Yplkylv Dppvlwdh Yoakd}rvb:





94

Yoakogoidk} Cohby}lkby Pvljbi} Mbhowbvdfhby:

Ilcphb}olk lg Noy}lvoidh Md}d Ilhhbi}olk dkm DkdhyoyVbplv} mb}dohoka Dy#Oy,Ynlrhm#Fb gokmokay(Vbilccbkmd}olk glv Ocpvlwbcbk} Pvljbi}+

Ilcphb}olk lg Rkmbvhoka Pvljbi} Phdkkoka]ocb#pndybm frmab} dkm mb}dohbm pvljbi}yinbmrhb lg rkmbvhoka pvljbi}

Ilcphb}olk lg Ocpvlwbcbk} Pvljbi} Phdkkoka dkm DppvlwdhCdkdabcbk} dppvlwdh }l pvlibbm qo}n kb~} pndyb lg ocpvlwbcbk} pvljbi}+

Ilcphb}olk lg Oko}odh Md}d Ilhhbi}olk dkm DkdhyoyBWD vbplv} qo}n ilk}vlh indv} md}d glv govy} yo~clk}ny lg rkmbvhoka pvljbi}+

Ilcphb}olk lg Ok}bvcbmod}b Md}d Ilhhbi}olk dkm DkdhyoyBWD vbplv} qo}n ilk}vlh indv} md}d glv ok}bvcbmod}b yo~ clk}ny lg rkmbvhoka pvljbi}+

Ilcphb}olk lg Vbfdybhokoka lg Rkmbvhoka Pvljbi}Vbwoybm pvljbi} frmab} dkm yinbmrhb glv vbcdokmbv lg rkmbvhoka pvljbi}+

Ilcphb}olk lg Gokdh Md}d Ilhhbi}olk dkm DkdhyoyBWD vbplv} qo}n ilk}vlh indv}y glv hdy}yinbmrhbm yo~ clk}ny lg rkmbvhoka pvljbi}+

Ocpvlwbcbk} Pvljbi} Ihlyblr}

Gokdh vbplv} okihrmoka mlircbk}d}olk lg

hbyylky hbdvkbm+



96

Pvljbi} Bwdhrd}olk Glvc

Yilvb Ok}bvpvb}d}olk

40 Yplkylvynop

9 B~}bvkdh Iry}lcbv

2 Yndvbnlhmbv

9 Bcphlbb lv Ok}bvkdh Iry}lcbv

0 L}nbv .yrpphobv( bkwovlkcbk}( b}i+/

64 # ]l}dh Fbkbgo}

40Dwdohdfoho} lg vbylrviby l}nbv }ndk}bdc

40Yilpb ok }bvcy lg Fhdie Fbh} bgglv}

40 Mbhowbvdfhb

06 ]ocb }l Ilcphb}b

40 ]bdc

40 Pvljbi} Indv}bv

2 Wdhrb lg Yo~ Yoacd Dppvldin

17 ]l}dh

4]nb vbtrovbm pvljbi}bm vb}rvk qdy idhirhd}bm }l fb ->9(999*4> clk}ny*=7> nlrvy,6>>0nlrvy,4 3 -6=9(1=?+ ]nb by}ocd}bm pvljbi} vb}rvk qdy idhirhd}bm }l fb -=76(??9+

6]nb yo~ yoacd pvljbi} o}ybhg qdy vlranh }nvbb clk}ny lg bhdpybm pvljbi} }ocb+ Nlqbwbv(lqoka }l }nb gdi} }nd} }nb yo~ yoacd pvljbi} qdy vbtrovbm }l poaafdie lk dkocphbcbk}d}olk pvljbi} ok }nb nlypo}dh qo}n dk by}ocd}bm mrvd}olk lg 4> clk}ny( }nb yo~yoacd pvljbi} idhbkmdv }ocb }lle dhcly} 7 }ocby dy hlka }l ilcphb}b dy o}y pvljbi} }ocb+]nbvbglvb( o} qdy dyyoakbm d krcfbv lg zbvl+







92

Dppbkmo~ M ’ Pvljbi} Yinbmrhb

]dye Kdcb Mrvd}olk Y}dv} Gokoyn

Ily} dkm Yinbmrhb Ocpvlwbcbk} =41 mdy Clk 4,=,40 ]rb >,?,44

Noy}lvoidh Md}d Ilhhbi}olk 4> mdy Clk 4,=,40 Qbm 4,61,40

Ilkmri} Ok}bvwobqy 1 mdy Clk 4,=,40 ]rb 4,46,40

Ok}bvwobq Dkdhyoy dkm Dyybyycbk} 6 mdy Qbm 4,49,40 ]nr 4,4=,40

Ad}nbv Noy}lvoidh Pvljbi} Okglvcd}olk 6 mdy Gvo 4,42,40 Clk 4,4>,40

Noy}lvoidh Pvljbi} Cb}nlmlhla Vbwobq 2 mdy ]rb 4,4?,40 Clk 4,62,40

Noy}lvoidh Pvljbi} ]ocb Ynbb} Vbwobq 4 md ]rb 4,67,40 ]rb 4,67,40

Noy}lvoidh Pvljbi} Bdvkbm Wdhrb Dkdhyoy 4 md Qbm 4,61,40 Qbm 4,61,40

Dkdhzb Vbyrh}y 7 mdy ]nr 4,6>,40 ]nr 6,=,40

Vbplv} Dy#Oy Wy+ Ynlrhm#Fb Gokmokay = mdy ]nr 4,6>,40 ]rb 6,6,40

Cdeb Vbilccbkmd}olky glv Ocpvlwbcbk}Pvljbi} 4 md Qbm 6,9,40 Qbm 6,9,40

Ab} Cac} Dppvlwdh 0 mdy ]nr 6,=,40 ]nr 6,=,40

B~bir}b Vbilccbkmd}olky 0 mdy ]nr 6,=,40 ]nr 6,=,40

Rkmbvhoka Pvljbi} Phdkkoka = mdy ]nr 6,=,40 ]rb 6,?,40

]ocb#Pndybm Frmab} Pvbpdvd}olk 6 mdy ]nr 6,=,40 Gvo 6,2,40

Pvljbi} Yinbmrhb Pvbpdvd}olk 6 mdy Clk 6,>,40 ]rb 6,?,40

Irvvbk} Pvljbi} Oko}odh Phdkkoka 6 mdy Gvo 1,90,40 Clk >,6,40

Irvvbk} Pvljbi} ]ocb Ynbb} Vbwobq 4 md Gvo 1,90,40 Gvo 1,90,40

Irvvbk} Pvljbi} Bdvkbm Wdhrb Dkdhyoy 4 md Clk >,6,40 Clk >,6,40

Dkdhzb Vbyrh}y = mdy ]rb >,9,40 Gvo >,7,40

Cdeb Vbilccbkmd}olky glv kb~} pndyb 4 md ]rb >,9,40 ]rb >,9,40

Ab} Cac} Dppvlwdh 0 mdy Qbm >,=,40 Qbm >,=,40

B~bir}b Vbilccbkmd}olky 0 mdy Gvo >,7,40 Gvo >,7,40

Ok}bvcbmod}b Md}d Ilhhbi}olk 446 mdy Gvo >,61,40 Clk 4,94,44

]ocb Ynbb} Vbwobq 444 mdy Gvo >,61,40 Gvo 4,6>,44

]ocb Ynbb} Vbwobq 4 4 md Gvo >,61,40 Gvo >,61,40

]ocb Ynbb} Vbwobq 6 4 md Gvo ?,6=,40 Gvo ?,6=,40

]ocb Ynbb} Vbwobq 9 4 md Gvo 40,6?,40 Gvo 40,6?,40

]ocb Ynbb} Vbwobq = 4 md Gvo 44,67,40 Gvo 44,67,40

]ocb Ynbb} Vbwobq 2 4 md]nr46,90,40 ]nr 46,90,40

]ocb Ynbb} Vbwobq 7 4 md Gvo 4,6>,44 Gvo 4,6>,44

Pbvglvc Bdvkbm Wdhrb Dkdhyoy 444 mdy

Clk

>,90,40 Clk 4,94,44

Pbvglvc Bdvkbm Wdhrb Dkdhyoy 4 4 md Clk >,90,40 Clk >,90,40

Pbvglvc Bdvkbm Wdhrb Dkdhyoy 6 4 md Clk ?,61,40 Clk ?,61,40

Pbvglvc Bdvkbm Wdhrb Dkdhyoy 9 4 md Clk 44,4,40 Clk 44,4,40

Pbvglvc Bdvkbm Wdhrb Dkdhyoy = 4 md Clk Clk 44,6?,40







9 >



9 ?





=4

Ivbd}b gokdh vbplv} P

Ivbd}b hbyylky hbdvkbm P

Okmb~ dkm dvinowb dhh pvljbi} vbilvmy P

Vbhbdyb vbylrviby P

P 3 Pvocdv( Y 3 Ybilkmdv





D p p b k m o ~ N ’ ] o c b # P n d y b m F r m a b } Y n b b }

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Improvement of Hospital Project Cost and Schedule Management - Final Report Sanitized)