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Imprinting and kin recognition
Imprinting
Konrad Lorenz
Hours after hatching
Critical period
Sensitive period
altricial precocial
Filial imprinting
Experimental
approaches
Filial imprinting
Multiple cues strengthen imprinting response
Filial imprinting
Hours after hatching
Locomotor
performance
Tolerance of novel objects
Locomotion-fear dichotomy
Timing of critical period
Sexual imprinting
ring dove
Reared by hand
Reared with conspecifics
Preferred humans
Preferred doves
Process of learning characteristics of future mates
hatching sexual maturity
acquisition stage consolidation stage
time
Recognition of appropriate mates
Sexual imprinting
Sexual imprinting as way to strike balance
between species recognition and inbreeding
Male Japanese quail raised with females preferred…
< <
…slightly similar over identical over dissimilar females.
Sexual imprinting
Sexual imprinting as evolutionary force
Mate assortatively when placed together
Assortative mating due to sexual imprinting
Sexual imprinting as evolutionary force
Pairs of benthic (top) and limnetic (bottom) of sticklebacks
Parental
care
exclusively
by male
Divergent
selection
Heterospecific
father
Sexual imprinting as evolutionary force
Conspecific
father
Heterospecific
odor
No
father
Tested female mate preferences as adults
Sexual imprinting as evolutionary force
limnetics
benthics Prefer
conspecific
male
Prefer
heterospecific
male
Sexual imprinting as evolutionary force
limnetics
benthics
heterospecific
conspecific
biological
Strength of imprinting
correlated with father’s
parental care
Imprinting and conservation
sandhill crane whooping crane
Captive breeding, reintroduction
of whooping cranes
Imprinting and conservation
Used to teach migratory routes to juveniles
Imprinting and conservation
Used to teach migratory routes to juveniles
Imprinting and conservation
Ecologically relevant stimuli
Habitat imprinting
monarch butterfly
anadromous salmon
Typically occurs in species
with no overlap of generations
Salmon life cycle
sockeye salmon
Habitat imprinting in salmon
How do salmon find
their way to natal stream?
Is it important that they do?
Cuckoos must find mates
raised by same host species
How do they find them?
common cuckoo
Cuckoos raised
in 6 habitat types Measured time spent
looking at habitats Familiar Natal Others
Tim
e lookin
g
Habitat imprinting
Kin recognition
Visual recognition
in primates
Vocal recognition in terns
Olfactory
recognition
in ungulates
Modes of kin recognition
• Production component
• Perception component
• Action component
Kin recognition
Olfactory recognition in social insects
hydrocarbon “signature”
Environmental labels
Environmental labels
Can be age, sex, caste, or species specific
Environmental labels
Paper wasp Polistes fuscatus
Environmental labels
U
N
N
N1
N2 U
Control
N
U
U
N1
N2 U
Treatment
Nestmates more tolerant of each
other than non-nestmates
Nestmates and non-nestmates
similarly tolerant
Production component not affected
Learned perception of nest odor is affected
“Home field advantage”
U
U N
N
Environmental labels
U N N1
N2 U
N1
N2 U
Belding’s ground squirrel
Cross-fostering studies:
nonsibs raised together
are less aggressive than
sibs raised apart…
Environmental labels
Belding’s ground squirrel
…but genetic relatedness
does affect some interactions
pairs reared apart
Paul Sherman
Genetic labels
Role of major histocompatibility complex?
Jill Mateo
Genetic labels
Role of MHC in Arctic charr
MHC class II B gene sequenced
Individuals genotyped
Preferences tested in fluviarium
Role of MHC in Arctic charr
A1=water
A2=water
A1=S++ or S--
A2=water
A1=S++ or S--
A2=S++ or S--
A1=S++
A2=S--
A1=S--
A2=N--
A1=S--
A2=N+-
Mother 1 Mother 2 Mother 3
Cross-fostering design
Genetic labels
Tested female responses to:
Familiar nonkin vs.
Unfamiliar nonkin vs.
Unfamiliar kin vs.
Mother 1 Mother 2 Mother 3
Cross-fostering design
Scent marking by females
Genetic labels
Nonsibs raised together
Sibs raised apart
Nonsibs raised apart
How do we
interpret these data?
Genetic labels
Can we conclude that
females cannot
discriminate female odors?
Nonsibs raised together
Sibs raised apart
Nonsibs raised apart
Kin recognition in
tadpole morphs of
spadefoot toad
Genetic labels
Omnivores Carnivores
Pro
port
ion o
f tim
e w
ith s
iblin
gs
24-hrs food
deprivation
48-hrs food
deprivation P
roport
ion o
f pre
y t
hat
were
sib
lings
Carnivorous morphs minimize
contact with siblings, but sometimes
they can’t help themselves…
Genetic labels
Genetic labels
Can nepotistic species discriminate
among degrees of relatedness?
Belding’s ground squirrel
Habituation:
Control Referent
Dishabituation:
Control ?
Belding’s ground squirrel
Ref trial 1 Ref trial 2
Tim
e s
pent
investigating o
dor
Ref trial 3 Mother Grandmother Half-aunt Non-kin
Genetic labels
What did authors conclude about
S. lateralis and why is it important?
