Impressionistic Charts 2016...using proportional positions, on a wall, ﬂoor, ceiling. • Make a graph to show the distance of the planets from the sun • •Graph the planets in

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ImpressionisticGeography

AThreePartSeries

Dr.MichaelDorer

MontessoriFoundation

January27,2016

February3,2016

February10,2016

OverviewGeography:StaticandDynamic

TheHistoryandPhilosophyoftheCharts

•  StrikingtheImagination:TechnicalandPsychological

Lessons

•  Impressionism

•  TheRoleoftheImpressionisticCharts

•  TheImpressionisticGeographyCharts,

beginDynamicGeography.Thislooks

atmovementsoftheearthand

phenomenathatoccurontheearth.

•  TheseImpressionisticChartscapture

thechildren’simagination,andgive

thechildrenanimpressionofa

particularreality.

•  Thechartsareorganizedfroma

generaltoadetailedviewpoint.

Theearthisstudiedinrelationtotheuniverseand

tothesolarsystem;theninrelationtosolarenergy,

movementsoftheearthandrelatedconsequences.

Nextarephenomenathatmodifytheearth’scrust

andthereforeconditionsoflifeonearth;the

atmosphereandphenomenarelatedtoit,the

hydrosphereandphenomenarelatedtoit.

•  TheChartshelpthechildrentoknowthedifferent

phenomenainasimpleway,neartotheirexperience

orlevel.Notallthechartsareimpressionistic,some

aremorescientific.

•  Weexamineonedifficultyatatimeandthencombine

withothers.Forexample,weconsidertheearthstill,

thenrotation,thenrevolution,thenbothmovements

together.

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AreTheyMisnamed?•  Thenameismisleading.

•  Thesechartsarenottraditionalgeography.

Theirmassivecurriculumisnotjust

geography;itformstheheartofthedynamic

physicalsciencesplanforupperelementary

school.

•  Theydifferfromtraditionalgeographyinthat

theyaremeanttopowerfullystrikethe

children’simagination.Thesechartsarenot

onlymeanttoconveyinformation,theyare

meanttoexcite,inspire,andmotivate

studentsthroughtheirimaginations.

TheContentorCurriculum

•  Geography,and:•  Anthropology•  Astronomy•  Botany•  Chemistry•  FundamentalNeedsofPeople

•  HistoricalGeology•  Geology•  History•  Meteorology•  Oceanography•  Physics

TheOrganizationoftheCharts•  Chapter1:TheUniverse,SolarSystemandtheEarth(7Charts)

•  Chapter2:SolarEnergyandtheEarth(10Charts)

•  Chapter3:MovementsoftheEarthandTheirConsequences(12Charts)

•  Chapter4:TheAtmosphereanditsPhenomena(8Charts)

•  Chapter5:TheWorkoftheWind(3Charts)

•  Chapter6:TheHydrosphereanditsPhenomena(20Charts

AdditionalBasics•  TheTopics.

•  Isolation.

•  TheExperiments.

•  TheResearchandProjectSuggestions.

•  HowtoPresenttheCharts.

•  WhentoPresentthecharts.

LevelstoPresenttheCharts

AgeRange

Charts1-6Presentedasapartofhistory LowerElementary

Chapters1&2 FourthYear

Chapters3&4 FifthYear

Chapters5&6 SixthYear

FourthYear

•  ChapterOne

•  ChapterTwo

•  Note:ChapterOneisalsousedinHistoryfor

LowerElementary

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ChapterOneTheUniverse,SolarSystemandthe

Earth

•  SevenCharts 1-7

•  33Topics

•  19Experiments

•  32researchandProjectSuggestions

Chapter1:TopicalOverview

•  TheFormationoftheEarth

•  ForceofAttraction

•  ForceofRepulsion

•  CentripetalandCentrifugalForce

•  Inertia

•  Friction

•  Gravity

•  ChemicalReaction

•  Precipitation

•  MatterandEnergy

•  Mixtures

•  Crystallization

•  StatesofMatter

•  Materialschangestateat

differenttemperatures

•  TheSunandtheEarth

•  TheSolarSystem

•  TheBeginningoftheCooling

ProcessoftheEarth

MoreChapter1Topics

•  HotAirRises

•  Volcanism

•  FillingtheOceans

•  Erosion

•  LayersoftheEarth

•  LiquidandViscous

•  Elastic,Plastic,Rigid

•  Specificweight

•  Density.

•  Lithosphere

•  StratificationofRocks

•  TheRockCycle

•  Igneousrock

•  Sedimentaryrock

•  Metamorphicrock

•  Continentaldrift

Chapter 1 The Universe, Solar System and the Earth

SensorialTitle TechnicalTitle1.HowSmalltheEarthIs! AComparisonoftheSize

oftheEarthtotheSun

2.TheSun’sFamily TheSolarSystem

3.TheCosmicDance TheBeginningofthe CoolingProcess

4.TheTimeoftheVolcanoes Volcanismandthe CoolingProcess

5.TheSun’sBeautiful CoolingandFillingtheDaughter Oceans

6.What’sInsidetheEarth? GeochemicalConstitutionof theEarth

7.TheContinentsDrift! TheEvolutionofthe Continents

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Chapter1:ExperimentsExperiment1:ForceofAttraction

Experiment2:CentrifugalandCentripetalForce

Experiment3A,3B,3C,and3D:ForceofInertia

Experiment4A,4B:ForceofGravity

Experiment5:HotAirRises

Experiment6:Volcanism

Experiment7:Erosion

Experiment8A,8B:AirOccupiesSpace

Experiment9A,9B:SpecificWeight

Experiment10:StratificationofRocks

Experiment11:FormationoftheMountain

Experiment12:FractureoftheEarth'sCrust

Experiment13:StratificationofRocksObservationoftheThreeGroupsofRocks

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Chapter1:ResearchandProjectSuggestions

•  Classifythestarsaccordingtolightcolorandsize.

•  GraphtherepresentativedistancesoftheprinciplestarfromEarth.

•  Gatherinformationontheprincipleconstellations.

•  Makeavisittoaplanetariumifpossible,slides,filmsontheuniversearesuggested.

•  Gatherinformationandpicturesontheotherplanets(maydividetheclassintogroups).

•  Buildtheplanetswithclayorpapier-mâché,withsizeproportional,arrangethemusingproportionalpositions,onawall,floor,ceiling.

•  Makeagraphtoshowthedistanceoftheplanetsfromthesun

•  Graphtheplanetsinrelationtothesuninproportionaldimension

•  Gatherinformationandpicturesregardingspaceexploration.

•  Preparechartsandillustrationsoftheconsistenciesandproportionsofthecontinentallandmassesthroughtheages,i.e.continentaldrift.

Chapter1:MoreResearchandProjectSuggestions

•  Collectpicturesandillustrationsofvolcanoes,especiallypresentlyactiveones.Researchprinciplevolcaniceruptionsinhistory.

•  Lookforpracticalexamplesshowinghowhotairrises.

•  Findexamplesofgravityindailylife.

•  Earthquakes-visitaseismiccenter.

•  Locatetheseismiczonesoftheworldbymeansofmaps.

•  Graphtheprincipleearthquakes.

•  Collectphotosofchangescausedbyearthquakes.

•  Makeachartofspecificweightsofmostcommonelements.

•  Observationofthestratificationofrocksintheenvironment,includesadrawingexercise.

•  Acollectionofmineralsand/orfossilsandtheirclassification.

•  Avisittoamuseumofnaturalhistory.

ChapterTwoSolarEnergyandtheEarth

•  TenCharts 8-17

•  10Topics

•  6Experiments


Chapter2TopicalOverview

•  InsolationorSolarEnergyabsorbedbytheEarth

•  RotationoftheEarth

•  RevolutionoftheEarth

•  IlluminationoftheEarth

•  PerpendicularandObliqueRays

•  TheIlluminationoftheEquatorcomparedtothePoles

•  DifferentdispersionsofSolarEnergyincrossingtheAtmosphere

•  TheAtmosphereasaBadConductorofHeat

•  TheRadiationofstoredheatfromtheEarth

•  GoodandBadConductorsofHeat

Chapter 2: Solar Energy and The Earth

SensorialTitle TechnicalTitle

8.  SolarEnergyAbsorbedbytheEarth Insolation

9.  FireandIce IftheEarthDidNotRotate

10.  HowtheRaysoftheSun PerpendicularandObliqueSolarReachtheEarth Rays

8.  WhatAreTheRaysofTheSun ADifferentNumberofRaysCoverLikeWhenTheyReachTheEarth? LikeAreas

9.  TheRaysWorktoReachTheEarth TheWorkoftheRaysoftheSunin PassingThroughtheAtmosphere

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Chapter 2 Solar Energy and the Earth, Continued

Sensorial Title Technical Title

13. The Rays Work to The Work of the Rays of Reach the Earth the Sun in Passing Through

the Atmosphere

14. The Earth Stores Heat The Atmosphere as a Poor Conductor of Heat

15. The Earth Gives Back Heat Radiation

16. Like a Warm Bed Radiation: Retaining Heat

17. Like a Freezing Bed Radiation: Dispersing Heat

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Chapter2Experiments

•  Experiment14:SolarEnergy

•  Experiment15:IlluminationoftheEarth

•  Experiment16:ThePerpendicularandtheObliqueRays

•  Experiment17:IlluminationoftheEquatorandthePoles

•  Experiment18Aand18B:GoodandPoorConductorsofHeat

Chapter2ResearchandProjectSuggestions

•  Researchvariouspartsoftheearthandheatdistributioninvariousseasons.

•  Makeagraphrepresentingtemperaturesatdifferentheights.

•  Graphshowingdifferencesoftemperatureatsealevelandonamountain.

•  Graphtemperaturethroughouttheday.

•  Graphtemperaturethroughouttheyear.

•  Graphtemperatureinyourhomeandanotherdistantcityorlocale.Keep

records.

•  DistributionofheatinvariouspartsoftheEarth.

•  Investigatetheinsolationoftheplanets.

•  Investigatevariousenergysources.Howareeachrelatedtothesun?

•  Findoutaboutalternativeenergy.

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FifthYear

•  ChapterThree

•  ChapterFour

Chapter3:MovementsoftheEarthandtheirConsequences

•  TwelveCharts 18-29

•  15Topics

•  4Experiments


Chapter3TopicalOverview

•  Locatethefundamentalpoints(N-S-E-W)inrelationtothesun.

•  Showuseofthecompass.

•  Orienteeringandcompasscourses

•  Orienteeringwithoutcompassand/oratnight.

•  Constructionofasundial.

•  Graphthelengthofdayandnightduringtheyear,needcalendarwithsunriseandsunsetnoted.

•  Graphthelengthofdayandnightduringtheyear,needcalendarwithsunriseandsunsetnoted.

•  Graphtemperaturesofvarioushousesthroughouttheday.

•  Locatetheprinciplecitiesoftheworldandnotethetimedifferencebetweenthesecitiesandyourhome.

•  Youcancomparethetimesindifferentcountries.

•  Examinehumanlifeindifferentclimaticzones.

Chapter3MovementsoftheEarthandTheirConsequences


18.DayandNight RotationandIts Consequences

19.WhatistheHottest VariationsinTemperatureTimeofDay? oftheEarth’sSurfacewith RespecttotheRotationof theEarth

20TheEarthisLeaning TheInclinationoftheAxis oftheEarth

21.TheSeasons TheRevolutionoftheEarth andtheSeasons

22.TheSeasonsontheMap TheFirstDayofEach Season

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Chapter3MovementsoftheEarthandtheirConsequences,Continued


23.TheZonesoftheEarth AstronomicZones

24.OurSummer TheNorthernSummerSolstice

25.OurWinter TheNorthernWinterSolstice

26.SpringandAutumn TheVernalandAutumnal Equinoxes

27.TorridZone TheEquatorialClimaticZone

28.TemperateZones TheNorthandSouthTemperate ClimaticZones

29.FrigidZones TheArcticandAntarctic ClimaticZones

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Chapter3Experiments

•  Experiment19:DayandNight

•  Experiment20:InclinationofthePolarAxis

•  Experiment21:MarkingofftheImaginaryParallels

•  Experiment22:TheSeasons

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Chapter3ResearchandProjectSuggestions

•  Locatethefundamentalpoints(N-S-E-W)inrelationtothesun.

•  Showuseofthecompass.

•  Orienteeringandcompasscourses

•  Orienteeringwithoutcompassand/oratnight.

•  Constructionofasundial.

•  Graphthelengthofdayandnightduringtheyear,needcalendarwithsunriseandsunset

noted.

•  Graphtemperaturesofvarioushousesthroughouttheday.

•  Locatetheprinciplecitiesoftheworldandnotethetimedifferencebetweenthesecities

andyourhome.

•  Youcancomparethetimesindifferentcountries.

•  Examinehumanlifeindifferentclimaticzones.

•  Examineanimallifeindifferentclimaticzones

Chapter4:TheAtmosphereanditsPhenomena

•  EightCharts 30-37

•  10Topics

•  4Experiments

•  13ResearchandProjectSuggestions


•  AirPressure

•  TheFormationoftheWinds

•  LowandHighPressure

•  RegularWinds

•  RapidityofCoolingDependsontheNatureoftheBody

•  SeaBreeze

•  LandBreeze

•  MonsoonWinds

•  Summerdrywinds

•  Thelayersoftheatmosphere.

Chapter4:TheAtmosphereandits Phenomena

SensorialTitle TechnicalTitle30.HowtheWindsForm TheFormationofthe

Winds

31.WindCycles Winds:ASchemeofTheir

Formation

32.RegularWinds

33.ASeaBreeze LocalWinds:theDaytime

SeaBreeze

34.ALandBreeze LocalWinds:the

NighttimeLandBreeze

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Chapter4:TheAtmosphereandits Phenomena,Continued


Alessonon“WindsandTheirDirectionatthe Equinox”isgivenusingChart26

35.SummerMonsoonWinds WindsandtheDistribution ofPrecipitationDuringtheSummer intheNorthernHemisphere

36.WinterDryWinds WindsandtheDistributionof PrecipitationDuringthe SummerintheSouthern Hemisphere

37.  WindsandtheDistributionof

Precipitation-WorkChart

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Chapter4:Experiments

•  Experiments23A,23B,and23C:AirPressure

•  Experiment24A:RapidityofCoolingDependsontheNatureoftheBody


•  Practicalexperiencestoshowthefactthatairoccupiesspace.

•  Practicaldemonstrationofthemovementsoftheair.

•  Observationofabarometer.Recordthevariouspressures.

•  Theconstructionofabarometer.

•  Constructagraphshowingvariationofpressureinthesameplaceatdifferenthoursoftheday.

•  Constructananemometer-aninstrumenttomeasurethevelocityofthewind

•  Constructaninstrumenttomeasurethedirectionofthewind.

•  Researchlocalwinds.Whydotheyform?Whichdirectiondotheyblow?Whatphenomenadotheycause?

•  Researchthelayersoftheatmosphere.

•  Researchthecomponentgassesintheatmosphere.

•  Examineairpollution.

•  Researchtheatmospheresonotherplanets.

•  Experimentwithgrowingplantsinothergasses

SixthYear

•  ChapterFive

•  ChapterSix

Chapter5:TheWorkOfTheWind

•  ThreeCharts 38-40

•  6Topics

•  4Experiments



•  HeatingandCoolingofWater

•  MarineCurrents

•  HeatingandCoolingofSolids

•  HeatingandCoolingofSaltWater

•  OriginofMarineCurrents

•  WindErosion

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Chapter5:TheWorkOfTheWind


38.MarineCurrents ColdandWarmMarine Currents

39.NamesofImportant NomenclatureofMarineMarineCurrents Currents.

40.Let’sDestroytheRock ErosivePowerofthe Winds


•  Experiment24B:HeatingandCoolingofWater

•  Experiment24A:HeatingandCoolingofaBody

•  Experiment24C:HeatingandCoolingofSaltWater

•  Experiment25:OriginofMarineCurrents


•  Researchmarinecurrents;

•  Findillustrationsorphotosofplacestouchedbywarmandcoldmarinecurrents.Compareyearlytemperaturesfortheseplaces.

•  Findpicturesofwinderosion.Findotherphenomenaproducedbywind(dunes,etc.)

•  Researchofotheractionsofwindinnature.

•  Examinewindpower.

•  Studywindmillsthroughouttheages.

•  Examineotherhumanusesofwind(sailing,kites,etc.)

•  Researchthermals.

•  Studydestructivewinds.

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Chapter6:TheHydrosphereandits Phenomena

•  TwentyCharts 41-60

•  23Topics

•  4Experiments



•  HeatingandCoolingofWater

•  MarineCurrents

•  HeatingandCoolingofSolids

•  HeatingandCoolingofSaltWater

•  OriginofMarineCurrents

•  WindErosion


•  Orographicrainanddesertification

•  RainattheSea:LocalRain

•  EvaporationandCondensation

•  Rivers

•  RiverCities/Civilizations

•  TheMostImportantRiversofNorthAmerica

•  TheRiversofNorthAmerica

•  TheMajorRiversofTheWorld

•  TheErosiveWorkofWater

•  StratificationofSediment

•  Strange,erosivephenomena

•  AgeofRivers

•  DevelopmentofaValley

•  TheAlluvialValley

•  TheCanyon

•  TheGlacialValley

•  ChemicalErosion

•  ExpansionduetoFreezing

•  FreezingandThawing

•  Moraines

•  HangingValley

•  TheWaterCycles

•  VegetativeZones

Chapter6:TheHydrosphereanditsPhenomena


41.RainandtheDesert TheInfluenceofMountains onPrecipitationandthe DevelopmentofDeserts

42.RainbytheSea LocalRain:RainbytheSeaorLocal Rain

43.WarmAirRises Evaporation

44.VaporCondenses Condensation

45.WhereDoRiversBegin? FormationofRivers

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Chapter6:TheHydrosphereandits Phenomena,Continued1


46.NorthAmericais MajorRiversofNorthAmericaLikeaSponge

47.NorthAmericais TheNorthAmerican LikeaGreatSponge PartoftheHydrosphere

48.TheEarthisLikeaSponge MajorRiversoftheWorld

49.Let’sCarryAwaythe TheErosiveWorkof RockandSoil Water

50.AValleyDugbyaRiver TheAlluvialValley

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Chapter6:TheHydrosphereandits Phenomena,Continued2


51.ACanyon

52.PillarsoftheEarth Erosion:aSpecialCase

53.Frost-LikeaYoungBoy TheWinterFreeze

54.Thaw-theYoungBoy TheSpringThawAwakens

55.AGlacialValley AValleyExcavatedbya Glacier

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Chapter 6: The Hydrosphere and its Phenomena, Continued 3


56.Glaciersandthe Moraines Environment

57.WhenGlaciers TheHangingValleyDisappear

58.CyclesofWater TheWaterCycle1

59.GamesofWater TheWaterCycle2

60.WaterandPlants TypesofVegetation accordingtoClimatic Zones

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•  Experiment26:StratificationofRocks:TheWearing

awayofStratifiedSediments

•  Experiment27:DevelopmentofaValley

•  Experiment28:DestructionoftheRocks(Chemical

Erosion)

•  Experiment29:Expansion


•  Importanceofwaterforlife.

•  RiverCitiesandCivilizations.

•  DamsandCanals.

•  Riversintransportation.

•  Examinewaterorhydropower.

•  Studyhydraulics.

•  Studywatermillsthroughouttheages.

•  Studyirrigation.

•  Examineotherhumanusesofwater.

•  Rain,snow,hail,dew,fog-researchthese.

•  Illustratedifferentphasesinthelifeofariver.

•  Changescausedbyariverinourenvironment.Outings,ifpossible.

•  Findinformationandillustratemechanicalandchemicalactionsofwater.

•  Glaciers-illustratetypes,changestheymakeinenvironment.

•  StudyIceAgesandGlaciers,showdistributioningeologicalages.

Chapter6:AdditionalResearchand ProjectSuggestions

•  StudyOceanography

•  Doapondorstreamstudy

•  Typesofvegetationandtheirdistributionontheearth.

•  Researchwaterpollution.Howcanwehelpindiminishingpollution,whichcivilizationandtechnologyhavebrought?

•  Researcherosion.Studyagriculturalpracticesthatreduceerosion.

•  Mechanicalandchemicalactionsofthewater.

•  Researchmineralwater.

•  Researchsprings,includingthermalsprings.

•  Researchbogs,swamps,andmarshes.

•  Researchgroundwaterandsubterraneanwaterswhicherodecavesandtunnels,

•  Learnaboutstalagmitesandstalactites.

•  Researchglacierstoday.Examinewhatishappeningtothem.

•  Researchdifferentkindsofvegetationandtheirdistributionthroughouttheearth.

•  Researchofotheractionsofwaterinnature.

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TheClockoftheEras

•  ThisisnotreallyapartoftheImpressionistic

Charts,butisrelatedtothem.

AnyQuestions?

Documents

Impressionistic Charts 2016...using proportional positions, on a wall, ﬂoor, ceiling. • Make a graph to show the distance of the planets from the sun • •Graph the planets in