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8/9/2019 Importing Educators: Causes and Consequences of International Teacher Recruitment
1/48
i m p o r t i n g e d u c a t o r s |
Importing
Educatorscauses and consequences ofinternational teacher recruitment
8/9/2019 Importing Educators: Causes and Consequences of International Teacher Recruitment
2/48
ii | a f t i n t e r n a t i o n a l d e p a r t m e n t
RANDI WEINGAREN, Pd
ANNIA CREsE, sy-
LRREA JHNsN, Exv V Pd
T p ppd by
dp A Fd ,
p dp kg gp
k g . T p
dd by AF b Ky Hpp.
T AF xd k C
s gd g
p d p p
R P.
F , p :
A Fd I A Dp
555 N Jy Av., N.W.
Wg, DC 20001
P: 202/879-4448
Fx: 202/879-4502
2009 A Fd , al-cio (AF). P by gd AF d
pd d db p k p d pp, pvdd p
dbd b , d , , d pyg dd py. Ay
db by d p d AF pbd
vg xp p AF.
8/9/2019 Importing Educators: Causes and Consequences of International Teacher Recruitment
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a report from the american federation of teachers
Importing
Educatorscauses and consequences ofinternational teacher recruitment
8/9/2019 Importing Educators: Causes and Consequences of International Teacher Recruitment
4/48
Executive Summary.....................................................................................................................................................5
Te Big Picture
BA C sdy I R ................................................................8
sg ................................................................................................................................................9
Te Numbers
H-1B Wk V .................................................................................................................................................11
J-1 Exg V .............................................................................................................................................12
T Mg P ...........................................................................................................................................13
Te Process
T R R ......................................................................................................................................14R P ..............................................................................................................................................15
Visiting International Faculty...............................................................................................................15
eachers Placement Group ....................................................................................................................15
Te Dangers
A sggg d V Fd ....................................................................................................................17
Idd svd ......................................................................................................................................18
Id A-W s ..................................................................................................................................18
p ..............................................................................................................................................18
Uq B .............................................................................................................................................19C sk ...................................................................................................................................................19
C B ................................................................................................................................20
Cpy Hg ...........................................................................................................................................20
Te International Impact
T H ................................................................................................................................................21
T Ppp: A Lb Expg Ey .............................................................................................22
Cp H s ..................................................................................................................23
able of Contents
8/9/2019 Importing Educators: Causes and Consequences of International Teacher Recruitment
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Te Way Forward
Av .......................................................................................................................................................25
Rd ..........................................................................................................................................25
Standards .................................................................................................................................................26
Data ..........................................................................................................................................................26
Mentoring.................................................................................................................................................27
Conclusion ...............................................................................................................................................27
Appendix
s-by-s D Lb C App ............................................................................29
Dgd J-1 Exg sp ................................................................................................................33
C R P ..........................................................................................34
Endnotes .......................................................................................................................................................................41
8/9/2019 Importing Educators: Causes and Consequences of International Teacher Recruitment
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4 | a f t i n t e r n a t i o n a l d e p a r t m e n t
On the international
level, UNESCO estimates
that 18 million new
teachers are needed by
2015 to meet Education
or All goals and ensure
universal access to
primary education orstudents in all countries
in the world.
8/9/2019 Importing Educators: Causes and Consequences of International Teacher Recruitment
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i m p o r t i n g e d u c a t o r s | 5
In nearly every dIvIsIon AF p, g b
b g p d. W ,
p, v pb , d d g v-
d k xpdg d d xpd
q. T AF d dy gy kd k
g d d p.
T p -k b gg p g jb
A py d dy . Ky dg d:
d 19,000 kg Ud s py v 2007;
b v-d bg d Ud s g dy;
d d dyg d vb pb y;
b v-d v b dpd d gg;
-p g p y gd;
xv p qy d dvy dg ; d
U.s. g kd by p.
I d b d g U.s. bg d gy d
1950. I 2002, d U.s. g dd.1 s d
y d g v. N
d y g d b gd d
qy d dd.
My v-d AF b. W v b y kg
U.s. d y d d g y v v p d
v p dvp d g pp.
I dd, AF pv pg d g p gg g
d:
dvp, dp d dd ;
pvd gv d y k d dy g d d; d
p p g k d g y gv p g dg .
Executive Summary
8/9/2019 Importing Educators: Causes and Consequences of International Teacher Recruitment
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6 | a f t i n t e r n a t i o n a l d e p a r t m e n t
T pd p gg d d kg d-
- db p d . T AF bv g pg d
b pd qd, d p d v pp
y d d . Ag g dvpd d
b p y kg pp
.
W p p g d d d kd
p . spg p g q d g p, d gb j .
8/9/2019 Importing Educators: Causes and Consequences of International Teacher Recruitment
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i m p o r t i n g e d u c a t o r s | 7
Unwilling
or unable to
address the
root causes
o a growing
teacher
shortage,
public school
systemsaround the
country
have begun
importing
teachers to
meet their
stang needs.
It is the responsibility o the authorities in recruiting countries to manage domestic
teacher supply and demand in a manner that limits the need or resort to organized
recruitment in order to meet the normal demand or teachers.
Commonwealth eacher Recruitment Protocol
Teacher mIgraTIon p d Ud s
d y b gg qy v p dd.
Ug b dd gg g,
pb y d y v bg pg
g d. v-d bg d
y gb d bg pd py d--
-y vy g d-- dp ,
d p d. Dp bg gy qd , y g gg vy d
g A . Mv, y p xp by
-p v d y y x pv p
pb y.
F dd, d k v b d by gbz jb ppd v
p g d kg d. dy, d p
bgg p gbz y. T v p b b
gb, d py gy b y k g p
g d kg d . T p
v p p qy v pvdd y A b
d d.
T d by d dv by d . T
p bg p b v-d ,
p p dy. I , gg py g
p, d y v b v b gg v d bdd g
qb db b. F y p d b v, d
Te Big Picture
8/9/2019 Importing Educators: Causes and Consequences of International Teacher Recruitment
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8 | a f t i n t e r n a t i o n a l d e p a r t m e n t
d b g v, d db,
d vy d gd by gy gd p
d p .
T p d d q
g d d pv AF d kd .
A g p, v d y xp pd p v
.
Bti: a c stu i Itti T ruitt
I 2005, B Cy Pb s d 108 Ppp p g
g. T pd py bd py dg by
Myd.2 J y , 600 Fp kg B, g
y 10 p y g . T v-d y vd by
d g d b B U. 3 E pd
b $5,000 d $8,000 gy p B. T d
d x g . I , gy pd p p M
, d xy .4 T jy v g v p bdg, y g-k y.
T pd g kp B g d by
vy v pkg d dp. R dg jb
g Md-A, yg pd A p p
bd -y , HR g d p. A g
M, y v dd p-d pp, g py
ppy k B y .5
W Avd I C dbdy B y v
d, p kp d dvpg y p p
d. T gg py d d--d
fg gv y . s g v y
dd g d p v y
d g p.6
T B xp gv gd d pd
k . A b Myd v dpd g
p, d 1,200 Fp
d b kg -d 2009.
B qd yg g
dy .7
B, , j y b d
y g y yg
v-d . My
, N Yk, v b g bd
g, d y , d
g b v-d
kg y. Idd, v-d
For any response to this trend to be constructive,
it must draw a careul distinction between the
migrant teachers themselves, whose eorts
and intentions are laudable, and the very real
rustrations and concerns generated by the
unregulated practice o international teacher
recruitment and those who prot rom it.
8/9/2019 Importing Educators: Causes and Consequences of International Teacher Recruitment
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i m p o r t i n g e d u c a t o r s | 9
bg d y vy y vy y d d
y d yp g. T q d by d :
A py k, y Ud s p
-p b?
W bgg g y ?
W p d g v ?
D g p d p pv g d kg
d y qd U.s. p? W j d d y py?
W pp d v-d d ?
F q v p . T AF bg k p dvp
p d d gg p .
T st
T AF 200,000 d b d y, 70,000 g-
pvy b . F, U.s. Dp Ed 2007 sg ANd Lg p d ggp d py g y x y
vy .8 C g 100,000 v x dd,
pg dppg .9 Gv ,
d ky pd v d.
D dzd U.s. d y, g
xpd d ddd v. I d
v p-gp v d , b v p
d v dd g d d
d .
v, UNEsC 18 dd by 2015
Ed A g d v py d d
d.10 T dvpd bd z g dvpg d.
I by dvpd , dg Ud s, d d
v g by g y g b b d bg
d .
8/9/2019 Importing Educators: Causes and Consequences of International Teacher Recruitment
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10 | a f t i n t e r n a t i o n a l d e p a r t m e n t
In 2003, N Ed A d dy d
. T , Rdy Bb, d
2002 14,943 v-d kg Ud
s v, 10,012 kg pb .11 T g v
bqy b d y vy y b g.
I 2009, g pd b
d d k pg. Hv,
y gv d d .
Bd y
b v d, dy pd
jy 2002. Ug
Bb pyd, y 30 p
b v-d
kg Ud s v y
. ( Fg. 1)
T py y v-d
g gby k Ud
s. k v, H-1B,
xg v, J-1. E dbd
d b. A k v gd
y, Bb
d H-1B v
y. Ad vd d
d g p, v-
d kg Ud s
H-1B v d yg g
pb. Hv, y d
by y -y
pd, d p v p y
d g y Ud
s. F , v kd
b v d y Fg. 2 .
Te Numbers
25
20
15
10
5
0 2002
14,943
2003
17,585
2004
16,975
2005
18,661
2006
19,393
2007
19,329
FIg. 1 Tt ptti ub -ti twki i t U.s. h-1B J-1 i
thousands
SOURCE: Intergency Working Group on U.S. Government-Sponsored Exchnges nd Trining; U.S. Citizenship ndImmigrtion Services
15
12
9
6
3
02001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
2,366
3,988
8,300
3,318
5,292
4,992
2,447
5,553
2,534
5,582
3,052
5,205
2,456
6,085
FIg. 2 nub h-1B J-1 i iu tpi t
thousands
SOURCE: Intergency Working Group on U.S. Government-Sponsored Exchnges nd Trining; U.S. Citizenship ndImmigrtion Services
H-1BJ-1
8/9/2019 Importing Educators: Causes and Consequences of International Teacher Recruitment
13/48
i m p o r t i n g e d u c a t o r s | 11
h-1B T Wk vi
T H-1B g v py kg g k py
p q d p pp bdy gy pzd
kdg, g b dg qv pz. 12 E
v y d b . A v xp x y, k
d Ud s y b H-1B b ppvd
.
T p 65,000 H-1B v b d p y, g py ddy v pb xp p. Fd g g xp
g d, p d gv ,
d d . I 2006, pb d x
g H-1B v xp bg d , d b d g
v pg x pb g
d pby g . T pg g k -
g p pb , pg g d v g g
vy. T UsCIs Adv App , d
pp g d py d dy d
g bg H-1B
v pg d
by g d, y d
b p-xp d v
pg.13 T b
by d pd b p-
xp pb d.
U.s. Cz d Ig sv qd
by d b H-1B
v d d d vy y y
d dy p d
C spy p Wk
(H-1B).14 Hv, p b
d 2005. T vb d
dy pd d b H-1B
bg d (s Fg. 3 g).
N: T b d gy y Ud s kg
H-1B. Id y p b d -y v d gv y.
H-1B k, py Lb Cd App (LCA, F EA
9035) Dp Lb g y. T q LCA
ppv:
Epy py H-1B k g g pvg g.
T g H-1B k gvy kg d k
H-1B k d b pyd.
T py b vvd k k g LCA.
T bgg pv p H-1B k b pyd
b d LCA g. I bgg pv, d b pd
b 10 v dy 30 dy b.15
8
6
4
2
0
2002
3,983
2001
3,318
2003
4,992
2004
5,553
2005
5,582
2006
5,206
2007
6,085
FIg. 3 Pi s T h-1B i iu
thou
sands
SOURCE: U.S. Citizenship nd Immigrtion Services, Chrcteristics o Specility Occuption Workers (H-1B) Reports
We see a
nearly 30
percent
increase in
the number
o overseas-
trained
teachers
working in the
United States
in ve years
time.
8/9/2019 Importing Educators: Causes and Consequences of International Teacher Recruitment
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12 | a f t i n t e r n a t i o n a l d e p a r t m e n t
Appv Lb Cd App d d b gd
b g pvdd p. d, py gd,
d EA 9035E b d by py d d vb pb
y d y H-1B k pyd d LCA. 16
T Dp Lb d
U ddb,
b db LCA . B H-1B d d d
dggg, y k
g d g b
Lb Cd App bd by .
I 2007, 20,724 LCA py
P-K, Py, sdy d sp Ed
( Fg. 4), g 6,085 H-1B v
d 2007. T Dp
Lb d LCA v
.17 T LCA b d
d by py v-d . By , p 10 pp
2007 Fg. 5 .
F p bkd by y LCA d v-d
2002 g 2007, Appdx.
J-1 T ex vi
T J-1 V g v Exg V Pg U.s. Dp s.
T 15 pg g g xg v Ud s,
bg . T J-1 V -y v b , y.
A y Ud s, jy J-1 y
y dy q.18
T J-1 v xg, b y p . Ig
xp A d , g d kg bk
A . b gb pg,
g q:
b py dy g d;
y dd y b kg; b gd p d ;
py dy Ud s -; d
v y g xp.19
T b J-1 pp pd by Igy Wkg Gp U.s.
Gv-spd I Exg d g yy Ivy Pg
p. T b dppd kdy spb 11, d fd v p v y
( Fg. 6).
Texas 4,556
Georgia 4,434
New York 2,195
Maryland 2,012
California 2,008New Jersey 930
Florida 627
North Carolina 404
Massachusetts 393
Virginia 349
SOURCE: Foreign Lbor
Certifction Dt Center
FIg. 5 Tp Tstt subittilb citiappiti T, 2007
25
20
15
10
5
0
15,324
2006
18,464
2005
2007
20,724
FIg. 4 nub lb citi appiti Fi P-K,Pi s T
thousands
SOURCE: Foreign Lbor Center Dt Certifction
8/9/2019 Importing Educators: Causes and Consequences of International Teacher Recruitment
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i m p o r t i n g e d u c a t o r s | 13
E J-1 b bg Ud
s g Dp s dgd
p. Ag gb b p U.s.
, , d d gv g,
d d
gz. Egby gy by
d y py
pg g d
bg d pg. sp, xp d g, v v xg
v p d y, pp
k. sp d pg
pp, pvd p-dp d
, d pp.20 Cy
64 dgd p.21 F
dd , Appdx.
T mii Pi
Lk d gy d dd p d.Mv, d b d pb b d y b
dgggd. T, v p :
v-d kg Ud s;
v-d g ;
yp g Ud s (g, gd, d v,
pz, .); d
g v-d y Ud s vg v d
pg q p dy .
8
6
4
2
02
002
2,366
2001
8,300
2003
5,292
2004
2,447
2005
2,534
2006
3,052
2007
2,456
FIg. 6 Pi s T J-1 i iu
thousands
SOURCE: Intergency Working Group on U.S. Government-Sponsored Exchnges nd Trining
8/9/2019 Importing Educators: Causes and Consequences of International Teacher Recruitment
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14 | a f t i n t e r n a t i o n a l d e p a r t m e n t
The Term mIgraTIon, bd , py p
vg . H g by
p. Tg y, pp v gd y ,
v g d, d g gp. F pp
p, d g bd d
vd by k.
s g p p dy y p d p g
pp . A p dvg p d vg . A p
p v k. W dyg k g, g
p d p dd:
Pu Ft
L p d b
Fy bg
P by G d p P kg d P vg d N jb y N g jb
T r ruit
W b p v v, dd g
g d: p-dv g. R v
kg p pg pb d y d by ggfd d xp b y k Ud s. P y
, , pvy g y d Ud s, b v
b x vg.22 Ty y k d g
v g b vy d g g A . W
ggvy p pd b kg d k d
y, y b p v. T dg dy v
vb p d xp.
Te Process
Pu Ft
Hg p d b
Fy
M jb pp
M p, , by B vg d B kg d P dvp D d
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i m p o r t i n g e d u c a t o r s | 15
I dd pdg kg Ud s, vy
k pd y v g v-d . T d
33 kg U.s. , d p d pkg y
vy dy.
T p p dy d
. M k y , g q
py b py d py. I xg gg $3,000 $13,000,
y p q, d v, v, g fg d g, v d . Avd I C, kg B,
xp p k y . (s pg 8 d.) Vg
I Fy z -bd , d P Gp g b
d . T pd b v d.
viiti Itti Fut
Vg I Fy (VIF) g bgg Ud s J-1
v. VIF d xg pg g
vy Ud s. I p d 1,600 p y 50
1,000 U.s. , y s.23 s dg , d d, vg pd, b v , d d vd
v d d d b ddg .
I VIF d, d py p v, gy b $12,500 p
.24 qd k , d pd y
b. I dd, y g, qd d v VIF-d
p.25
T py VIF v d by d. s v-d
k d, d y . I , y pyd by VIF.
Rgd v py, VIF v g v y ,
vy py .26
T Pt gup
P Gp (PG) bd Pv, N.Y. d d 1999
Id k U.s. . By bgg 2001, py d d
v d dg Pdp d C Upd, P.; Cvd, ; d
Nk, N.J. E d pv g p Id, xp pd
by PG.27 I Id, d vd d d pd dd. T d
gd $4,000 p , d gd $5,000 p p
y y Ud s. PG pvd
y vd Ud s d p d g.28
Rg d p py dy v PG b py
d d . Cvd b py, Id
p Cvd U.29 T v vy p, pvdd Id
p gdg y qd g
. T p PG bdd dd vd.
qd py PG $15,000 y d Id y ,
Recruiters have
a nancial
interest inmaking the
pull actors
seem as
tempting as
possible and
may mislead
teachers by
encouraging
infated andinaccurate
expectations.
8/9/2019 Importing Educators: Causes and Consequences of International Teacher Recruitment
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16 | a f t i n t e r n a t i o n a l d e p a r t m e n t
$10,000 y d d y d $7,500 d. T gd by
pv d pd d p py $180,000 k y d
PG py 42 . T d pd PG y $45,000, b pd
x y. Ty qd b vd d d PG
bgg Ud s. 30
T PG-pyd Pdp ky. T dd
, d b x p pyk, d d pv
. B y b g, y py PG, d vd by v bgg g.31
Ag Nk py d, y d pb
PG. I My 2002, 15 kd Nk U p vd
y d PG d g bgd py 25 p PG. T
d PG d vk v y d g . 32 T
Dp Lb Wg d H Dv pd vg d gy d
py d $120,000 d, py g qd d d , d
-p g . PG gy qd py $187,546 bk
g . Hv, py d d d g g PG
dd d PG d py dd $3,050 p .33
Dp bg y, 2006 C Dp Ed bg kg
PG dvp Vg I pg, bg Id d
C -y . T d, Bdgp, Bd d
Hd, v gd p pg.34
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i m p o r t i n g e d u c a t o r s | 17
The aFT has condUcTed v g vg
d y, pg 300 ,
d d. svyg vg g g d
kg A k d k y d
d vyg g d b dpdg .
T y 33 pv k, d
p, p d g . T y g v
dy, d dg p y v.
W dv dp, b g g. T xp ggd
dd v g d gd pg yp dg
p v-d . A y dg d b.
ai sui vi Fu
I 2004, g p C, M P d M
Ed C dd g py ggg, v d,
d d y dg.35 T g d g , g Db
2001, y d d d Ppp p g jb
Ud s, p dy , d by bg U.s. I y,
273 d, 100 y d g jb g y
vd x.36
T pd $10,000 v, y g d by
. T 18 , 5 p pdd y,
g v 60 p.37 I d py, dd
15 p kd . T qd v -g
dd Ppp, g g d b d d
py.38
T d d pp gp 10 15 d d k p
v g. Ty bdd y p. T d
g p, d d d d jb
. T d y d b dpd y d d jb
pd b vg jb.39
Te Dangers
8/9/2019 Importing Educators: Causes and Consequences of International Teacher Recruitment
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18 | a f t i n t e r n a t i o n a l d e p a r t m e n t
T pd gy py dd Ud s xg d
g. Ty d pb .40 T E P
d dd , gd Cpy C I
p Ad Rkg b y pd -xp-pd g p
Ppp d C.41
Itu situ
T p d gg g ,
d py. T gd y,
b g pv py d b qg p.42 T
y b b d py d gy
xp. T gg k dd vd gg
pd p P Gp ( pg 15-16 d).
Ifit at-Wi sttu
D b Vg I Fy d s J Ud s D
d vb y g . T bg p
:
T d d kdg , d Exg V Pg, VIF zd
y pp pg d p
dd y VIF Pg bjv, d g.43
b , g py. T
p VIF py, v b
d . Mv, VIF y v y y d
.44 VIF s J d v g b b bgg ,
v, gv , y p d pvd d b yb.
T Tp
L , Fd A Uvy bg 16 gy qd d s. L
Cy Id xg pg. Ty v d
. B y bd , d pd y $18,000 p
v, b pvg g.45 Mv, g pd Fd A Uvy
v. T yvd $5,000 y v.
sy, , d by Vg
I Fy y pyd by VIF d
by y.46 T bdy p d pg
pb y pb
py gy pb. T p jpdz
y , d d y by py
bg g b by. A
All teachers working within one school
system should have the same requirements
or certication, the same perormance
expectations, the same benets and the same
employer. These are undamental union
principles and should also be undamental
public expectations.
8/9/2019 Importing Educators: Causes and Consequences of International Teacher Recruitment
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i m p o r t i n g e d u c a t o r s | 19
kg y d v q ,
p xp, b d py. T d
pp d d b d pb xp.
Uqu Bft
T NEA p d g gg
d p gdg v-d . T gg d b p pv , y:
I d v-d b d d db
pd d b d.
W pd, q b v-
d d g d.
I p g b py y d vd d
pv g.47
Agy, v, v-d vd by p ,
d xp d vy py. g p g b pvdd y vg v d. T xp ky jd
bd py g d pvd d dy. Hv,
xp yp qy vg v-d
d. Mv, gg d py d b dvd
, , vd .
dd p gv dk b v-d
b d , y , d v y. Gv by
v-d y y dpd gd py d
, d vk v, gy pb. Ud d,
p py b gv d b p v. T vy
d d-p p v-d .
cutu sk
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y d d y . Ay , d y
k , b q pg gg d q g dj b
xp d bv. Lg k d d d ky d
y v bd b bpy p y v-d .
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s v dy. s j g p y d v d
d pp k. d, y v-d
d. I g, k pg g y
g y d py, vdd by g v v y.
F , g-qy d g , d py
v-d , dj g b v .
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20 | a f t i n t e r n a t i o n a l d e p a r t m e n t
R dvp B pvd g vd d v pp
p q xd byd . I p y, Fp
kg B v d d, g b b pg
jb.48 B dd g dp, b dd v v
b Epy A Pg. Cvg v-d k
p p y d y q gd pp d gd.
cuiti Bi
Ag y d by d v-d , d p,
v . sd v dy g dd d d by
, v pd g d g. Eg py
gy pq g. I py jdgd dqy d by
py p g, d b dd d p p by
. A d b d vb y v-d ggg
g.
cp hui
v p y, AF d p gp g bg d
d, y pg bk bd d bd dy d k. s
g y q: H bg gd p bk bd?
W d d b py? A g p?
I , y b d b py? W k g
? A y d p ? s q d b d y d
vg g v b d g .
pp d p, v b y p v
dg db g p. d k N Yk Cy,
y gg k, pvdd k
y y, k g.50 I , g
v gd d pp, b py d v.
Uddby, v-d d d g d
p . Hv, d b pvdd p d g
d b d py d vv dv .
Mgg , , d v ppy p- y g p
d vb.
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i m p o r t i n g e d u c a t o r s | 21
The need For aFT To InvesTIgaTe g d
p U.s. d b gy
d b pb Bbd. T Bbd
xpd b g b bg d
vy g-pyg g jb N Yk Cy . T
y b p d d qy d
g xpd d , b
y g d q b ggg
g d y jb Bbd k
, py p y. T b
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p d b d Bbd d g g
d N Yk Cy Bd Ed.
Bbd y kg q. Fg v g, 2000
N Yk Cy Bd Ed d Cbb-d pg g
v p bd -y .
T hu T
T k g g, py d d
dvpg d. T k gd-pyg jb p y
b g d pvdg . T New York imes
p y d d , A Gd Pvd I W
Lv.51
Adg , d 200 g kg d d dy, d y d d $300 b y . T y
d bd g-d bdg. 52
T q y b vd vg
p bj db. DP d v xd
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d p yd . Mv, db p
v g k: Ev g y v k v
d g p v. Y k d y v y
Te International Impact
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22 | a f t i n t e r n a t i o n a l d e p a r t m e n t
py, d. I d.53 Wv p d, dbdy dp
p d dvp d k bd.
Byd y v, q p g v dvy dg
xy p . W k pg dk by Pb sv I
(PsI) Mg d W H Wk g dvpg
d d dvg p y dg . W b
gg y g d , gg vd , gv
b d .
T Piippi: a lb expti e
T Ppp p d dy k g p.
Exp b p d g dy Ppp, d gv dvpd
g b z g v py. v
Fp k k bd, d v g k ( FW, y d) d
$1 b bk Ppp.54 T p v d dy
b vd y 40 p pp v b pvy v $1 p dy, 55
py 13.9 p, dpy 19.6 p, d
pp v py.56 Ppp pd G Mpg Ay b qd yg, Jb d d d dpdg pp d y. I y
d k d d y y v , pp y d y . 57
Dp b f y bk Ppp FW, -g
v pvd d x g . T Ppp y
d g 16,000 pb 58 d vg pp-
A 45:1.59 T qy d kg d , d by
dp d: d d, pb
d , d v dy, 70 80 d pkd
. Uy, y 6:00 .. d .60
Wkg d d d g dq y pp dv y
k g y y bd b d d
v g gd d d g d.
T Ppp v Epy Agy d k p zg p
g:
I Ppp d, b d d b vd b pb d pv
y, g . T d vb p d d y
d dy d d. T vg g jb bd gy
b d. Fdg b p y.
U.s. g g xbg g Ppp. R Dz, d-
g k pdg dy Fp B, dbd
y:
I d-dy y g d gbz, yg p g
W p dvg. Bk pb $3,500 y;
pv gy . I B, y $45,000
y, y d bk Ppp pp d,
The human
toll o
international
worker
migration
is great,
particularly or
women and
children in the
developing
world.
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i m p o r t i n g e d u c a t o r s | 23
, vg. T y pb. T Fp 90 p
vg d d d d k jb
g -y d bdd by y A-b g
v d b bb.61
nu miti T Futu T?
U.s. p v b pg bd 50 y. B d
bd, p d dy dg g d d y y pg.
v , A v dy v.
I 1990, 4 p Ud s g b; by 2004, 14 p
Ud s bd.62 I 2002, d d Ud s
.63 U.s. py v
b b k dd,
d g bg vd by
.
Fg-dd kg Uds py (90 p) d d.
T vg g 43. T p v
y k : C, N Yk, N Jy,
Fd d I. Uk k
Ud s py v, v jy
g-dd v g d, d
d 60 p b U.s. z.64
Fg. 7 d
g U.s. (D k vb d,
pd pb dgp p
v-d kg U.s.)
s y d ? T gv
p g d:
T Ud s 94 RN p 10,000 pp pd 61 Ppp, 41 s A,12 Ky d 13 Id.65
I d dvpg d bdzg dzd by b $500 p y g g k.66
B 1999 d 2001, 60 p g k g p M. 67 Fv dd G 2000 db b gdd g d
pg.68
dd p Ppp v d p y; 800 p vpy d.69Pb sv I dvpd x d pg dyg p
g d d dvg y p d . T bjv PsI
Mg d W H Wk pj pb gg
xpv d dy d py p
d g, pv xd g d gv p p
d g k.70
FIg. 7 Fit-ti Itti eut Tk t ncleX-rn,b cut euti, 2005
SOURCE: Ntionl Council o Stte Bords o Nursing, Inc., Licensure nd Exmintion Sttistics
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24 | a f t i n t e r n a t i o n a l d e p a r t m e n t
d, g g:
W k k d d b g d v
pp d p vg y.
U dg d vg v gd pp g g k
p bp.
U v dd gd d bbyg gv dp
pp.
U v dd p p My H gvg dg g d v y v pvdd.
U v dd p pv g d pb
dg v ppp.
U v bd dg g pb y, b /p
d bd vg g -g dg d pv
vg .
U v bd g k k d v pg qy d
p k.71
E bjv d d d v v d ,
x -d kd d y.
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i m p o r t i n g e d u c a t o r s | 25
The aFT hoPes p g d b p
d -k d . M
py, p d d by
d kd gg dy b vy
gd d p d d. Mg d y
f g p, d
b gv ppp g p.
atti
A b pb d gg , z vy ppy pz g v-d y b Bd-d g yp
g, y d d g p.
A y B, Fp bg q
Wy v z? Wy d d bk y d? d Wy
xpd pd v p d d?72 Cy, d k g d dpg p v, v .
Ng d d pg .
A g d pb, k kg pp k
py dg , b pd by v
pb. W py y, Hg Fd, y
g dd g,73 AF dvpd d
d. I p d Mg Cg, AF d pv g
k d-- db p , dg:
bg d g d dy ; gg p dvp b dd d d
gg v; d
dyg d yg d d pb.
rti
Ipvg g d g d y b gy
vy A . I dd, AF d g p
Te Way Forward
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26 | a f t i n t e r n a t i o n a l d e p a r t m e n t
p d j:
dvp, dp d dd
;
pvd gv d y k d dy g d d; d
p p g k d g y gv p g dg .
st
F d , dd b dvpd v.
Cy, by dd, vy dy, bg pb
p g bd pb . T gpg b d, d
AF ppd k dp dvpg dd v vby d gy.
W d, b d dp d dd d v.
T Ud s y y dg g by g
bd. g dd p -g q. dd q, Ed M 53 C dpd
R P 2004. T d dvpd g p
C Gp d v x d yp dd dd
U.s. y. W P, g d pb g
d. sgy, p :
1.1 ...I pby g g d
ppy d dd d gzd d
dd .74
sdy, Ud s, d y y g b
pby. T C P pp d k
; x y b d Appdx.
dt
bgg b ddg d g g k pv
d d. T z d p d py k p. Adg
p d 2006 by MI, gv gy pv p
g, gzg, g, d kg vb y d g g
A jb d U.s. y.75 I , g
j ppg jb v, b g g k jb Ud
s. T p :
T d y vb zg d g v g v v
T g gp v d, b y d Ud
s Epy by p (v ) y b kd v
by dy d p v T d pd
dvp ppp py p.76
We must
emphasize
that while
the hiring
o overseas-
trainedteachers may
be a Band-
aid treating
the symptom
o the U.S.
teacher
shortage, it is
in no way a
cure or theconditions that
caused the
shortage in the
rst place.
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i m p o r t i n g e d u c a t o r s | 27
b , v d g . A
b g b v b d b d v
qg H-1B v p b d Cg. Dp bg
qd by A Cpv d Wk Ipv A, p b
dvd y.
mtiT y , d g xp.
y, k y xp g Ud s g
dy k b d pd. F , g pg py
v g .77 I p, g
g. g d d
, d b d dqy pp v vg
-y A. I d v, gp d
g xp B pd Ppp: Bk
d. I bd d p. H d , , vy d, vy bd. Ty
g , d y y p Ty d. Ty dg.78 Byd
d dj d d d bv, g v x dy p d gdg dd A y.79
cui
I gbzd d, by k y dy d p. P-dv
v qky dd k d vy kg dvp b ppy d
dd v-d U.s. .
T d pyk d kd kdg d , d
d dd d k d p. Exp
b d , p dvpg
b gd.
Improving
teaching
and learning
conditions
must remain at
the oreronto any sensible
strategy to
eectively
sta American
schools.
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28 | a f t i n t e r n a t i o n a l d e p a r t m e n t
Appendices
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i m p o r t i n g e d u c a t o r s | 29
lb citi appiti b stt, 20022007
sTaTe 2002 2003
Pre-K &Primary
SecondarySpecial
EducationTotal
Pre-K &Primary
SecondarySpecial
EducationTotal
Ab 6 11 2 19 9 11 3 23
Ak 5 4 3 12 10 7 1 18
Az 139 53 16 208 99 98 10 207
Ak 2 12 0 14 2 11 4 17
C 1439 763 325 2527 1645 608 182 2435Cd 75 82 6 163 69 35 5 109
C 37 947 16 1000 239 70 6 315
D 4 1 0 5 135 6 1 142
D. Cb 218 36 20 274 85 38 16 139
Fd 345 240 26 611 476 352 33 861
Gg 116 328 26 470 114 272 43 429
G 9 3 0 12 7 18 0 25
H 6 16 0 22 5 17 3 25
Id 0 1 1 2 0 1 0 1I 351 117 41 509 162 154 60 376
Id 17 20 2 39 33 13 2 48
I 6 11 0 17 6 12 1 19
K 4 17 0 21 4 20 2 26
Kky 8 125 4 137 13 142 3 158
L 80 29 4 113 74 59 2 135
M 8 13 3 24 2 11 3 16
Myd 195 104 132 431 742 108 61 911
M 110 112 91 313 91 81 77 249
Mg 66 52 18 136 57 91 5 153
M 34 20 8 62 141 12 9 162
Mpp 5 1 0 6 19 27 1 47
M 28 21 6 55 18 18 3 39
M 8 3 2 13 0 5 0 5
Nbk 12 10 0 22 5 5 0 10
Nvd 4 2 0 6 11 0 0 11
N Hp 9 120 3 132 4 12 9 25
N Jy 297 2724 241 3262 251 114 8 373N Mx 13 24 1 38 15 32 7 54
N Yk 1285 572 443 2300 619 1105 473 2197
N C 89 69 7 165 118 101 16 235
N Dk 0 3 0 3 7 4 1 12
17 241 11 269 41 203 11 255
k 10 17 1 28 11 23 1 35
g 31 16 0 47 21 3 3 27
Pyv 1048 49 18 1115 45 108 18 171
P R 2 2 0 4 5 4 0 9
Rd Id 15 4 0 19 4 9 2 15
s C 60 36 3 99 36 43 4 83
s Dk 0 3 1 4 0 14 4 18
12 23 3 38 14 57 10 81
x 5597 2788 280 8665 3411 1150 393 4954U 5 12 2 19 14 6 2 22
V 20 19 9 48 2 12 5 19
Vg Id 4 22 0 26 3 3 0 6
Vg 75 57 41 173 94 67 20 181
Wg 46 17 10 73 52 33 109 194
W Vg 0 3 0 3 1 2 0 3
W 21 14 1 36 24 34 4 62
Wyg 0 0 0 0 3 2 0 5ToTals 11993 11991 1827 23809 9068 7446 1636 16147
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30 | a f t i n t e r n a t i o n a l d e p a r t m e n t
lb citi appiti b stt, 20022007
sTaTe 2004 2005
Pre-K &Primary
SecondarySpecial
EducationTotal
Pre-K &Primary
SecondarySpecial
EducationTotal
Ab 12 7 0 19 2 12 0 14
Ak 6 5 4 15 5 0 7 12
Az 149 169 7 325 295 74 12 381
Ak 9 15 1 25 8 14 1 23
C 1894 732 242 2868 676 589 239 1504Cd 58 35 7 100 71 30 5 106
C 34 198 5 237 36 48 7 91
D 5 6 0 11 3 3 0 6
D. Cb 80 67 58 205 66 29 99 194
Fd 344 255 41 640 385 146 26 557
Gg 144 355 9 508 129 1014 19 1162
G 15 8 1 24 12 11 0 23
H 6 20 3 29 3 29 0 32
Id 0 0 1 1 1 2 1 4
I 233 85 5 323 145 195 9 349
Id 31 16 8 55 8 15 2 25
I 2 8 0 10 2 5 0 7
K 2 11 0 13 4 7 4 15
Kky 14 15 2 31 18 26 1 45
L 59 53 8 120 54 32 1 87
M 5 7 1 13 4 9 3 16
Myd 286 224 114 624 367 183 108 658
M 97 103 99 299 62 70 246 378
Mg 36 102 12 150 22 24 6 52
M 32 21 7 60 20 16 5 41
Mpp 10 11 2 23 53 8 2 63
M 24 16 6 46 15 14 1 30
M 7 4 0 11 0 4 0 4
Nbk 19 11 0 30 6 14 0 20
Nvd 5 9 1 15 6 1 0 7
N Hp 4 13 4 21 2 6 0 8
N Jy 191 700 21 912 204 696 12 912N Mx 38 14 11 63 19 29 11 59
N Yk 764 858 684 2306 578 1031 347 1956
N C 102 104 15 221 79 164 46 289
N Dk 6 0 1 7 1 1 0 2
67 107 17 191 12 438 4 454
k 5 29 2 36 9 10 2 21
g 35 0 3 38 25 6 1 32
Pyv 67 176 15 258 36 65 9 110
P R 6 12 2 20 10 2 0 12
Rd Id 4 5 125 134 6 6 2 14
s C 29 37 2 68 59 56 8 123
s Dk 1 2 0 3 0 1 0 1
23 18 7 48 10 14 10 34
x 4356 1392 382 6130 3024 1267 468 4759
U 19 11 4 34 16 20 1 37
V 0 12 0 12 10 9 1 20
Vg Id 1 8 0 9 15 11 0 26
Vg 91 65 50 206 89 133 112 334
Wg 59 29 209 297 40 30 106 176
W Vg 0 3 0 3 1 5 0 6
W 18 37 2 57 16 12 1 29
Wyg 1 0 0 1 3 0 1 4ToTals 9505 8204 2200 17905 6742 8641 1946 15324
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i m p o r t i n g e d u c a t o r s | 31
sTaTe 2006 2007
Pre-K &Primary
SecondarySpecial
EducationTotal
Pre-K &Primary
SecondarySpecial
EducationTotal
Ab 7 11 2 20 0 21 5 26
Ak 7 12 10 29 3 1 2 6
Az 95 84 15 194 192 96 19 307
Ak 2 23 4 29 2 23 5 30
C 698 514 235 1447 867 611 530 2008Cd 75 50 20 145 80 48 0 128
C 23 64 1 88 30 56 4 90
D 2 3 2 7 2 4 1 7
D. Cb 127 61 36 224 77 37 24 138
Fd 371 220 82 673 248 347 32 627
Gg 128 899 41 1068 267 3456 711 4434
G 21 15 0 36 10 6 5 21
H 4 19 1 24 3 15 5 23
Id 2 3 2 7 3 0 1 4
I 112 197 5 314 196 115 27 338
Id 4 15 0 19 13 7 1 21
I 1 4 0 5 3 7 0 10
K 9 32 18 59 4 47 30 81Kky 4 16 3 23 4 16 0 20
L 56 36 2 94 67 57 39 163
M 6 8 1 15 0 11 0 11
Myd 536 334 90 960 1045 534 434 2013
M 83 78 59 220 56 76 261 393
Mg 21 23 6 50 29 33 5 67
M 55 33 4 92 46 23 8 77
Mpp 5 10 1 16 34 12 1 47
M 33 14 4 51 19 27 11 57
M 2 1 0 3 1 0 0 1
Nbk 6 11 1 18 5 14 0 19
Nvd 11 1 1 13 6 5 0 11
N Hp 1 14 0 15 0 11 0 11
N Jy 140 792 11 943 125 799 6 930N Mx 30 42 20 92 14 45 9 68
N Yk 927 2672 809 4408 469 1407 319 2195
N C 120 91 31 242 123 253 28 404
N Dk 0 1 7 8 0 0 3 3
17 43 14 74 35 278 12 325
k 11 50 0 61 7 57 2 66
g 31 11 0 42 42 10 1 53
Pyv 47 33 17 97 34 46 9 89
P R 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 0
Rd Id 4 6 1 11 3 11 0 14
s C 65 50 5 120 43 248 13 304
s Dk 0 3 0 3 0 1 1 2
14 15 9 38 11 20 2 33
x 3606 1932 281 5819 2896 1462 198 4556
U 6 23 0 29 9 13 7 29
V 0 11 6 17 2 5 1 8
Vg Id 3 86 0 89 0 0 0 0
Vg 94 118 113 325 130 177 42 349
Wg 25 19 5 49 33 16 13 62
W Vg 3 1 0 4 2 3 0 5
W 15 14 4 33 11 25 2 38
Wyg 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2ToTals 7665 10825 1980 18464 7301 12601 2829 20724
lb citi appiti b stt, 20022007
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32 | a f t i n t e r n a t i o n a l d e p a r t m e n t
sTaTesIX-year ToTal lca
aPPlIcaTIons
Ab 121
Ak 92
Az 1622Ak 138
C 12789
Cd 751
C 1821
D 178
D Cb 1174
Fd 3969
Gg 8071
G 141
H 155
Id 19
I 2209
Id 207
I 68
K 215
Kky 414
L 712
M 95
Myd 5597
M 1852
Mg 608
M 494
Mpp 202
M 278
M 37
sTaTesIX-year ToTal lca
aPPlIcaTIons
Nbk 119
Nvd 63
N Hp 212N Jy 7332
N Mx 374
N Yk 15362
N C 1556
N Dk 35
1568
k 247
g 239
Pyv 1840
P R 47
Rd Id 207
s C 797
s Dk 31
272
x 34883
U 170
V 124
Vg Id 156
Vg 1568Wg 851
W Vg 24
W 255
Wyg 12
ToTals 112373
lb citi appiti b stt, 20022007
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i m p o r t i n g e d u c a t o r s | 33
stt dptt euti
C
C
D
Fd
Gg
I
Id
I
K
Kky
L
M
M
Nbk
N Mx
s C
x
U
Wg
s ditit
Ad Cy sD 14, C
A Fk M s, NY
Ad Dbq B Ed, IA
Ay I s, X
Bk Hg s, MA
Cg Pb s, IL
Dv Pb s, C
E Bg d Bky, CA
E I d B, MA
F A s Pg sd, WA
F-A I s, CA
F-A s N Yk, NY
I s Id, ID
I s P, CA
Ly F d N Yk, NY
L Ly d L Ag, CA
Ly Rb, I., MD
M C C
M Fd M
N Pb s, NE
Pp Ex Ady, NH
P M s W I, CA
T s D Pdp, PA
s Dg F-A s, CA
s M s D UsD 512, Ks
spp M s, CA
Wg I s, DC
ruit
Ay I
C I Ed, I. (VIF)
Cd H Fd I
Ed
Fg Ad d C Exg sv
(FACEs)
I-g, I.
I Exg sv
UsA Epy, LLC
ot
AFs UsA, I
A C I Ed
A I P g
C Dvp F
L
G A Pp Pg, I.
I I Ed
J Ed sv N A, I.
N C Ud s-C
R
U.s. Dp s
Wd Z gz, A s
dit J-1 ex sp TaS OF 9/26/08
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34 | a f t i n t e r n a t i o n a l d e p a r t m e n t
cwt T ruitt Pt
adopted By Ministers o Eduction t Stoke Rochord Hll Conerence Centre,
Lincolnshire, United Kingdom
September 1st, 2004
1. Defnitions
Recruited teacher: d v y / .
Recruiting country: y kg , d g,
Recruiting business/agency: b/gy y ( y)
v (g y)
Source country: y d v bd.
Organised recruitment: y gd pg y
Clearance certifcates:A d ppp y y d gv qd d pd d d /
py.
2. Introduction
2.1 Bkgd
2.1.1 F b C b v b dpy d
p gd pg, pb
d p d . s , g d d g , v b vd M g d v d
C Cd P I R H Wk, dd by M
H My 2003.
2.1.2. M p pp vb g
d d -gd pg xg d d k. I kdgd
d by g v. I b dvd p dvp
g d d y.
2.1.3 Hv b d d y.
2.1.4 I My 2002 g g Bbd, Gy, J d
dd d bg, M Ed J qd C
ddg pb Cbb. Cbb Ed M gd
sv Ad Bbd Jy 2002 d, g g, kd C s
dvp d P . T d ppd by s vd
bq g x M Ed s s (T Gb, M, Nb,
s. L, s, sy) sy M 2003. T g dd
vd v d P R d b bd C
C Ed M dd b 2003.
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i m p o r t i n g e d u c a t o r s | 35
2.1.5 M Ed 15 C C Ed M d
Edbg, sd, b 27 30, 2003 dd
d vd g b ddd g gp. Ty d
q v C gzg dy pd xp,
d b p d v p g dvd d v g
d y bd Wkg Gp R d p Dpy
sy-G W Cx.
2.1.6 T Wkg Gp kd v gd C, kg d, v d by,
d dvp. T b Wkg Gp :
develop appropriate and ethical codes of conduct;
report to all Ministers by the end of April 2004; and
nalise the document with a Ministerial Group by September 2004.
2.2 T Wkg Gp
2.2.1 T pd v Wkg Gp Bbd, Id, J, L,
M, Ng, Pp N G, s. L, sy, s A, Ud Kgd, d Zb.
2.2.2 T g C Cv sy d p g p bv
gp: T C Gpg, T C C Ed d
C Cpv Ed R, Uvy Ng.
2.2.3 T g C Cv sy d p g p bv
gp: T C Gpg, T C C Ed d
C Cpv Ed R, Uvy Ng.
2.2.4 A g Wkg Gp M, L 23d 24 Fby 2004
R zd d b bg p d dvp d k p
pv d p, d d ppd .
2.3 Pp P
2.3.1 T P b g g y, py
p b, g d p gy d y, d pv
xp p . T P k gd g
d d d g v g y.
2.3.2 I dg , P k p pv b g
bg d g d
C.
2.3.3 T d pp, d C Cd
P p. I d y dd. W x
C pp -p d , d k v
d g, gv bb P d p ,
g gy d y.
2.3.4 Ag P d d y g y b gd
dvp g d g y P.
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36 | a f t i n t e r n a t i o n a l d e p a r t m e n t
3. Rights and Responsibilities o Recruiting Countries
3.1 I pby g g d ppy d
dd d gd d
dd . A g y y v y
b bd gd.
3.2 I gd gd y b d d y
, d y v y v d d.Rg d d g y pb g y
p . W qd by , g d
b- d d k vy g pvd .
Cd b gv pp gg,
p pg d , d py bdg p d
.
Acceptable Recruiting Processes
3.3 Rg k vy dp d vdd
dg d y y, pv dp g
pg.
3.4 A g y pvd y, v gdg
d. T d b d vb, pjd, C
s g pp. W vb, C
gd dvp pp.
3.5 W qd by , g k vy b
y p y py bg gd, d b
by d.
3.6 A g y d b p d pd
gd b d k p.
3.7 T gv y y k v g gy, dy
, dvp d qy y d P d
b p. T g d p. W g d d, y
b vd ppvd g.
3.8 T g gy bg dd y dv, d y
gy . Rg g g bg. Rg
d y gd .
3.9 P g d b d b gy d gv
y, gdg , b, d d b y.
R d b d d y d dg ,
py gd gd xp.
Employment Conditions for Recruited Teachers
3.10 Wv ppd, d jy py d
d pyg p. T g d pvd
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i m p o r t i n g e d u c a t o r s | 37
ddd pg b v y qd d y
d q g y. T d bd d bj
b d gvd by y g dv g p
k d by k d g y.
3.11 F, p d pd py
d dy x g dv pv, d b bd
pp. T g gy d d d
g .
3.12 Rd d b pyd by d y. y d d
d b k p b py d .
3.13 A g y y d pvdd dq
d d pg, dg dj pg,
d v.
3.14 A gd d pv d p, b g pvd p
p dvp pp xp d , b
y g xd .
4. Rights and Responsibilities of Source Countries
4.1 I pby g ppy d dd y,
d x gd . T y d v v g pv
v g p, d d qd
g p. s d b dvd y b py
k gd g y
pp, d p .
Ay y g b d y gd by b . T b y y b b pp
. I y dd y gd , g y d b d
d. I , q g y, b d
d b d g b d dv g . I
g b d v g d p gd
gzd .
4.4 T y dv pd q ppv 30 dy.
4.5 T y d d d d v , dy
p, pv d xg d gd g, d -g -y d y
bd.
5. Rights and responsibilities o the recruited teacher
5.1 T d g py d gdg
pp. T qd ( Appdx 1) d gdg
p pd.
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38 | a f t i n t e r n a t i o n a l d e p a r t m e n t
5.2 Rd xpd py dg d
ppv py, d gv dq g q v. v
pby v gdg d d d
py, d py .
6.Monitoring and Evaluation
6.1 T C s d gzd , dgb, p d , d v pp P, dg
p dvpg , d p C C Ed M.
6.2 Ed M d dk g v p P g
16CCEM. T v d b d by v g dk by d
kd dg d dd d g
C.
6.3 Appd 2, 3 d 4 bg d
pp. Appdx 5 Dk k dpd by Wd Ed F 2000.
7.Future Action
7.1 C P M bg kg gp dy
C v g g C
g g p dvp vy. T kg gp d d
ppp p bv p g d v y.
7.2 Ed M q b kg gp dvp y d
qv q d p g , ppb,
C.
7.3 I d y dd by C, ggd
pv dy f dk. T d d b gd
d d g. T dy d p d dvp
k b pd by C s d y bg dk by
Uvy Ng.
7.4 T C, b gz IL d
UNEsC, k p p dd b p gd
.
APPENDIX 1:
M b pvdd p y :
Name and location of the school where the teacher is to serve
Brief description of the school
Accommodation arrangements for the teacher and cost implications
Transport arrangements and responsibility for transport costs
Work permit requirements and procedures
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i m p o r t i n g e d u c a t o r s | 39
Clarity about terms and conditions of employment, including any deductions (for tax, insurance,
p pp) g y d; d g pyd
v d b y.
Any provisions aecting the right of the teacher to be accompanied abroad by a spouse and dependants,
dg y d d , g p k g y,
d dpd d d v.
Regulations governing repatriation of earnings and other benets.
APPENDIX 2
ARICLEs 13, 26 AND 29 F HE INERNAINAL CVENAN N ECNMIC, sCIAL ANDCULURAL RIGHs
Article 13
1. T s P p Cv g g vy d. Ty g
d b dd dvp py d dgy, d
g p g d d d. Ty g d
b p pp vy y, p ddg, d
dp g d , g gp, d v Ud
N p.
2. s P p v g , v vg z g:
() py d b py d vb ;
(b) dy d d , dg d v dy d,
b d gy vb d b by vy ppp , d p by
pgv d d.
APPENDIX 3
ARICLE 26 F HE UNIVERsAL DECLARAIN N HUMAN RIGHs
1. Evy g d. Ed b , y d dg. Ey d b py. d p d b d
gy vb d g d b qy b b .
2. Ed b dd dvp py d gg
p g d d d. I p ddg, d
dp g , g gp, d v Ud N
p.
APPENDIX 4
ARICLE 29 F HE CNVENIN F HE RIGHs F HE CHILD
1. s p g d d b dd :
() dvp d py, d d py b
p;
(b) dvp p g d d d, d pp d
C Ud N
() dvp p d p, dy, gg d v,
v y d vg, y y g,
d vz d .
(d) pp d pb y, p ddg, p,
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40 | a f t i n t e r n a t i o n a l d e p a r t m e n t
, qy x, d dp g pp, , d g gp d
p dg g;
() dvp p v.
3. N p p 28 b d by dvd
d bd b d d d , bj y bv pp
pgp 1 p d q d gv
dd y b d d by s.
APPENDIX 5
EDUCAIN FR ALL CMMIMENs DAKAR 2000
Expanding and improving comprehensive early childhood care and education, especially for the most
vb d ddvgd d
Ensuring that by 2015 all children, particularly girls, children in dicult circumstances and those belonging
, v d p d py py d gd qy
Ensuring that the learning needs of all young people and adults are met through equitable access to
ppp g d k pg
Achieving a 50 percent improvement in levels of adult literacy by 2015, especially for women, and equitable
b d g d d
Eliminating gender disparities in primary and secondary education by 2015, with a focus on ensuring girls
d q d v b d gd qy
Improving all aspects of the quality of education and ensuring excellence of all so that recognized and
b g vd by , py y, y d k.
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i m p o r t i n g e d u c a t o r s | 41
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8 U.s. Dp Ed, eacherShortage Areas Nationwide Listing 1990-91 through
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.d9 J W, Rp: C
sg Cd F , San
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Asked Questions and Answers, p://.
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Program, p://.gp.gv/g//x/x-
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20 Ibd
21 U.s. Dp s, Designated Sponsor
Endnotes
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42 | a f t i n t e r n a t i o n a l d e p a r t m e n t
List, p://.xg..gv/jxg/
dx.
22 D Bk, W Hd D, p
Pdp Cy Pp, Nvb 15-21, 2001,
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.
23 Central principal recognized by exchange
program, J 12,2008, p://.vpg.
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global: CMS looks to Philippines or math, science
educators, T C bv, Db 5,
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eacher Recruitment, p://..g/
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26 Ibd, 15.
27 J kb, Cvd dy 50
Id, Plain Dealer, M 22, 2001,.xx.
28 Ibd
29 J kb, R Id
, Plain Dealer, Ag 31,
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30 Ibd
31 D Bk, W Hd D, p
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.
32 Iv DJ, Id ggy xg y, Te Star-Ledger, My 12,
2002, .xx..
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: Ad, Wg d H Dv, U.s.
Dp Lb, Pg Py v.
P Gp ., Rpd, C N.:
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34 M N, Bdgp Lk Id
F g Gp, New York imes, spb
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35 U.s. J Dp, U.s. Ay ,
W D x, Houston and PhilippinesCorporations and their Principles Charges with
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36 Ibd
37 Ibd
38 Ibd
39 Ibd
40 sp sz, P g pb
gg Fp , El Paso
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41 U.s. J Dp, U.s. Ay ,
W D x, F E P s
Ad Idd, p://.d.gv/b/
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Rdy Bb, Report to the National EducationAssociation on rends in Foreign eacher
Recruitment, p://..g/g/0
306g..47 Aurora (Colorado) Education Association
Contract Language Regarding Foreign eachers
Rdy Bb, Report to the National EducationAssociation on rends in Foreign eacher
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i m p o r t i n g e d u c a t o r s | 43
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%20v&=
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44 | a f t i n t e r n a t i o n a l d e p a r t m e n t
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i m p o r t i n g e d u c a t o r s | 45
Currently there
are no standards,
whether voluntary
or mandatory,establishing
acceptable practices
or recruiting
teachers rom
abroad or ourpublic schools.
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