Important Plant Notes

Review…..Fungi- NOT Plants……Why?

• Heterotrophic- no chlorophyll• Eukaryotic – multicellular• Made up of slender filaments called hyphae• Have cell walls made of chitin (Plant cell walls

are made up of cellulose)• Decomposers: Secrete enzymes and digest

food outside their body, then absorb nutrients• Molds, yeasts, mildews, mushrooms

Review…

Lichen

• Mutualisitic association between a fungi and either a green algae or a cyanobacteria

• The Fungus absorbs water/nutrients from the environment, and the algae uses this for photosynthesis.

• The fungus absorbs the organic molecules made from photosynthesis for its’ food.

• Used to test air quality: Algae is very susceptible to Air/water pollution

ReproductionPlants have Alternation of Generations

• Gametophyte: The haploid form of the plant that produces the gametes. Haploid = half the number of chromosomes- Male, female

In a moss….this is the ‘carpet’ you see

• Sporophyte: When 2 gametes fuse they form the sporophyte (the diploid form of the plant)

PLANTSNONVASCULAR VASCULAR, seedless

• Ex: mosses, liverworts• Waxy cuticle covering to

survive drought• Transport materials (food)

by osmosis and diffusion so need a large water supply, need to be small

• Reproduce with spores• Dominant Gametophyte

generation (Haploid) (the ‘carpet’ that you see)

• Ex: ferns, horsetails• Waxy cuticle covering to

survive drought• Vascular: larger, more

complex. Can carry nutrients from the soil, sun throughout the plant

• Reproduce with spores• Dominant Sporophyte

generation (Diploid) (leaves that you see)

BOTH STILL NEED TO LIVE IN A MOIST ENVIRONMENT FOR REPRODUCTION

PLANTS: Vascular, with SeedsGYMNOSPERMS vs ANGIOSPERMS

Gymnosperms (gymno = naked; sperma = seed), seeds develop on the surface of the reproductive structures (thus also called the “naked-seed plants”) such as the cones in pine

Angiosperms (angio = vessel, receptacle, container), seeds develop within a specialized structure, called an ovary, on the adult sporophyte (also called the “flowering plants”).

VASCULAR SYSTEMS

XYLEM• System of tubes and

transport cells that circulate water and dissolved minerals

• Rings in a cut down tree trunk are the remains of old xylem tissue- one ring for each year of life

PHLOEM• System of tubes that

transports sugars and other molecules created by the plant from photosynthesis

• Always alive- xylem dies after one year and then develops new (the rings of a tree trunk.

• The dripping sap from a tree usually comes from phloem

THEVASCULAR

SYSTEM

XYLEMGoes up From the

roots

PHLOEMGoes Down (Or Up)

Plants: Vascular: with NAKED Seeds!!GYMNOSPERMS

•Seeds develop on the surface of the reproductive structures•Sporophyte is the dominant generation•Which is the Megaspore? Microspore?•Which is the Male pinecone? Female?..............POLLEN?

FEMALE MALE

MEGASPORES MICROSPORES

POLLEN

PLANTS WITH SEEDS: ANGIOSPERMS Flower Basics

1. Label the parts of the flower.

Image: http://www.smithlifescience.com/SciFlowerDiagramBlank.jpg

Petals

StamenAnther

Filament

PistilStigma

Style

Ovule

Ovary

Sepal

2. Identify each part of the flower described below using the words in the word list.

_________________ - The female part of a flower

_________________ - A small plant that is just starting to grow

_________________ - The place where pollen develops and is stored

_________________ - The female sex cell in a plant

_________________ - Occurs when the sperm and egg cells unite

_________________ - A sugary substance that attracts insects

_________________ - The male sex cell in a plant

_________________ - The male part of a flower

_________________ - The stalk that supports the anther

_________________ - The part of the pistil that receives the pollen

_________________ - Part that connects the stigma and ovary

_________________ - Protective leaf-like enclosure for the flower bud

_________________ - The ripened ovary of a plant that contains seeds

_________________ - Flower that contains both male and female parts

_________________ - Flower that lacks either male or female parts _________________ - The structures that make up the outside of the flower and maybe

colored or contain nectar or perfume glands

Word List:Anther

FertilizationFilament

FruitImperfect

NectarOvaryPerfectPetalsPistil

PollenSeedlingSepalsStamenStigmaStyle

PISTIL

SEEDLING

ANTHER

OVARY

FERTILIZATION

NECTAR

POLLEN

STAMEN

FILAMENT

STIGMA

STYLE

SEPAL

FRUIT

PERFECT

IMPERFECTPETALS

AntsBatsBees

Moths Birds

ButterfliesFlies

BeetlesTrue Bugs

Wasps

Pollinators

Did you know? Honey bees are the most

common pollinators. What insect comes in second place?

SELF-POLLINATION: POLLEN FROM A FLOWER LANDS ON THE PISTIL OF THE SAME FLOWER OR A FLOWER ON THE SAME PLANT.

CROSS-POLLINATION: POLLEN FROM A FLOWER LANDS ON THE PISTIL OF THE A FLOWER ON A DIFFERENT PLANT.

3. What is the difference between self-pollination and cross-pollination?

Cotyledon•The stored food for the seed as it develops; the first embryonic leaves of a seed plant-•The Number of Cotyledons places the plant in a different CLASS in the Classification System:•Monocot: If it has one cotyledon•Dicot: If it has two cotyledons