Importance of Nutritional and Importance of Nutritional and Physical Characteristics of Physical Characteristics of

Diets for Mass Rearing Diets for Mass Rearing Screwworm & Pink BollwormScrewworm & Pink Bollworm

Norman C. Leppla, Muhammad Norman C. Leppla, Muhammad F. Chaudhury &F. Chaudhury & Fred D. Stewart Fred D. Stewart University of Florida and USDAUniversity of Florida and USDA

New World ScrewwormNew World ScrewwormCochliomyia hominivoraxCochliomyia hominivorax

(Diptera:Calliphoridae)(Diptera:Calliphoridae)

Eggs on woundEggs on woundAdultsAdults

ScrewwormScrewworm Life CycleLife Cycle

Pupae in groundPupae in ground Larvae in woundLarvae in wound

Myiasis in Myiasis in LivestockLivestock

Screwworm Larval MediaScrewworm Larval Media

NutriaNutria

WhaleWhale

Tuxtla Gutierrez

Screwworm “Factories”

Mission

Diet preparationDiet preparation

MixerMixerIngredientIngredientFeederFeeder

WaterWaterFeederFeeder

Pumping diet into traysPumping diet into trays

Tray with larval diet Tray with larval diet

Larvae falling from traysLarvae falling from trays

Screwworm pupae

Cotton Linter Rearing SystemCotton Linter Rearing System

Composition of Larval DietComposition of Larval Diet

Spray-dried bovine bloodSpray-dried bovine blood 6% 6%Spray-dried eggSpray-dried egg 4% 4%Milk substituteMilk substitute 4% 4%Gelling agentGelling agent (or 6% Cellulose) 2%(or 6% Cellulose) 2%Water (or 79.9% with cellulose) 83.9%Water (or 79.9% with cellulose) 83.9%FormalinFormalin 0.1% 0.1%

Spray Dried WholeSpray Dried Whole Bovine Blood Bovine Blood

ProteinProtein 85% 85%FatFat 1% 1%AshAsh 4.5% 4.5%FiberFiber 1% 1%MoistureMoisture 6% 6%

Egg PowderEgg Powder

Protein 50-58%Protein 50-58%Fat 25-30%Fat 25-30%Moisture 5% or lessMoisture 5% or lessCholesterol traceCholesterol traceVitamins A, BVitamins A, B1,2,6,12,1,2,6,12,D,E,D,E, Folate, BiotinFolate, BiotinMinerals Na, K, Ca, P, Mg,Minerals Na, K, Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Cu, Cl, I, ZnFe, Cu, Cl, I, Zn

Milk Powder SubstituteMilk Powder SubstituteProtein 20 gProtein 20 gFat 28 gFat 28 gCarbohydrate 42 gCarbohydrate 42 gMoisture 3 gMoisture 3 gAsh 3 g Ash 3 g Total Vitamins ~1 gTotal Vitamins ~1 g A, BA, B11, B, B22, B, B33, B, B66, B, B1212, Biotin, Biotin C, D, E, Folate, Pantothenic acid C, D, E, Folate, Pantothenic acid Minerals ~2.5 gMinerals ~2.5 g Calcium, Copper, Iodine, IronCalcium, Copper, Iodine, Iron Magnesium, PhosphorousMagnesium, Phosphorous Potassium, Sodium, Zinc Potassium, Sodium, Zinc

Physical CharacteristicsPhysical Characteristics

Role of gelling agent (or cellulose fiber)Role of gelling agent (or cellulose fiber) - Provide texture and matrix to diet- Provide texture and matrix to diet - Gel polymer is not bio-degradable- Gel polymer is not bio-degradable

- Cellulose is biodegradable- Cellulose is biodegradable Importance of viscosityImportance of viscosity

- Larval mobility and growth- Larval mobility and growth - Proper functioning of equipment- Proper functioning of equipment

Importance of pHImportance of pH -- pH change occurs during feedingpH change occurs during feeding - Feeding not effected between 6.8 & 5.5- Feeding not effected between 6.8 & 5.5

Pink BollwormPectinophora gossypiella(Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

Pink Bollworm Life CyclePink Bollworm Life Cycle

Pink Bollworm Rearing FacilityPink Bollworm Rearing Facility

Diet PreparationDiet Preparation

Diet Extrusion

Larval Development and CutoutLarval Development and Cutout

Collection of PupaeCollection of Pupae

Larval Diet CompositionLarval Diet CompositionWheat germWheat germSugarSugarSoy flourSoy flourYeastYeastAnti-microbials (3)Anti-microbials (3)Vitamins(8)Vitamins(8)Choline chlorideCholine chlorideRed dyeRed dye

Successful Diet CharacteristicsSuccessful Diet Characteristics

Stimulate and enable feedingStimulate and enable feeding

Contain essential nutrientsContain essential nutrients

Organize ingredients in a matrixOrganize ingredients in a matrix

Nutrients biologically availableNutrients biologically available

• Chemically stable & cleanChemically stable & clean

• Eliminate anti-nutrients Eliminate anti-nutrients

• Easy to prepareEasy to prepare

• Easy to discard (biodegradable)Easy to discard (biodegradable)

• Provides a “happy” homeProvides a “happy” home

Successful Diet CharacteristicsSuccessful Diet Characteristics

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