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Teacher Shortages
High Need Areas (SPED, MATH, Science)
Shortages affect 66% of All School Districts
High Need Areas Difficult To Staff
Explanation of Shortages
Difficult Work Environments (Urban Areas)
Low starting salaries
Mass Retirements (Baby Boomers)
New Teacher Attrition/Turnover
8% yearly (Testing/Accountability, too little support, student discipline,
unfunded programs, lack of influence/respect, pay) (Flynt & Morton 2009)
Class Size Reduction
Licensure Requirements
Alternative Teacher Certification Programs
Intend to increase pool of qualified teachers
For Non-Education College Majors
Cast a wider net
NCLB provides monetary incentives to states to establish
ATCP’s
Take advantage of existing content knowledge of
candidates
Implementation
Administered by: Universities Community Colleges School Divisions Governmental Agencies (DOD)
Program instructional time varies between 75-794 hours.
Student teaching requirements vary 10-21 weeks
Policies and Programs
Teach for America1999 VA SJR No.384 calls for alternative
teacher certification program 40 states have them Teacher shortages across the state Study other states (New Jersey and Texas)
SJR No. 384 lead to: Virginia Career Switcher Transition to Teaching (T2T) Troops to Teachers (TTT) Pathways to Teaching
Teach for America (TFT)
Aims to end educational injustice by placing college grads from most selective universities to staff shortages in most difficult K-12 environments
33 Regions throughout the US7,400 placements for 2009-2010 school yearFunded by 2008 Higher Ed ActHigher than average teacher performanceProgram completion = job placement or
graduate scholarships
VA Career Switcher
Military Personnel, 5yr work experience (2001)
Qualifications 4 year degree from accredited university Passing PRAXIS scores 150 hours instruction in classroom management,
instructional strategies, and human development theories
Mentorship20 Hr Additional Training
Transition to Teaching (T2T)
Federally Funded, State AdministeredCollaboration between Local University and
School DistrictHigh Need Area Schools/Subjects - >30% SESEducation Paraprofessionals and Recent College
GraduatesProgram Provides
Summer Training Paid Tuition University Classroom Support Job Placement – 3yr Contract $5,000 Stipend
Troops to Teachers (TTT)
Program Requirements Honorably discharges – Retirees, 10yr Service
4-yr degree from accredited university in content area
Teach in high poverty rate >20%SES = $5,000 Bonus,
>50%SES =$10,000 Bonus
SPED, Math Science Priorities
US Dep't funded through DOD
DOD administered - Offices in 50 States - ODU
Pathways to Teaching
Based on NJ and Texas programsProgram goals: increase quantity of minority and
male teachers and quality of instructionProgram Requirements
60 Semester Hours 2.3<GPA 3yr Commitment to teaching in urban schools
Norfolk and Portsmouth Public Schools/NSUProgram Benefits
80% tuition assistance PRAXIS prep assistance Annual Book Stipend
Caveats
ACTP – less prepared – Student Achievement ImpactPedagogyAttrition of ACTPMathematica Study – No statistical difference
between traditionally and alternatively certified teachers
TFA teachers student EOC better than traditionally certified teacher in Reading and Math
TFA Classroom Management – Negative Correlation
Caveats Continued
Research finds student lower student achievement
for Middle School Mathematics
Overreliance on textbooks and “canned” materials
Lower teacher retention for some ATCP – options
Some ATCP’s require as much college preparation
as traditional certification programs.
ATCP Legislative Review:
VA HB 506 – introduced by Rep. Phil Hamilton, this bill would expand the Virginia Teaching Scholarship Loan Program leading to an endorsement in career and technical education
VA SJ 55 – 2008 establishes joint subcommittee to study teacher shortage in the Commonwealth; examines programs such as Teach for America, identifies barriers to teaching as a career choice and seeks to find possible solutions.
VA SJ 384 – 1999 Resolution calling alternative teacher certification programs
NC S803 – offers teacher certification programs on military bases, probably as an incentive to lure former soldiers into teaching.
NC S868 – act directing the State Board of Ed to remove barriers to the lateral entry of skilled individuals from the private sector into the teaching profession.
Political Considerations
NCLB –Highly Qualified Requirement / Accountability Bachelor's Degree Active teaching Certificate Pass PRAXIS II
HOUSSE – High Objective and Uniform State Standard of Evaluation – Mandated Federal Standards Measuring Teacher Competency
NEA – Will ATC teachers dilute their power baseHigher Education – Competition with existing
teacher prep programs
CNU Teaching Program EliminationHampton's First Steps Program
Conclusions
Policy Cycle – ATCP No Policy EvaluationImpact of NCLB on teacher licensurePolicy Decisions ignores the MarketImpact of Current Economic Cycle on ATCPATCP – Result of Govn’t Distributive
Approach to fixing the problem of teacher shortage
NCLP Regulatory Approach v. Federal and State Distributive Approach