Implementing Engineering Technologies for Underground

Implementing Engineering Implementing Engineering Technologies for Underground Technologies for Underground Technologies for Underground Technologies for Underground

Infrastructure Asset ManagementInfrastructure Asset ManagementBy

Bryon Livingston, P.E.and

Rich Blackmun, P.E.

With all the attention being given to the replacement of piping infrastructure a lot of emphasis is being placed on managing these assets. One of the key elements for managing assets is knowing the condition of the pipeline before the decision is made to repair/replace the pipe. It is important to know what technologies are available to conduct a condition assessment of the pipe and how to use them as part of a comprehensive plan.

Primary Goal: Avoid Catastrophic Events

www.epa.gov/earth1r6/6en/w/sso/sso.htm

WHY DO WE CONDUCT CONDITION ASSESSMENTS I’m sure most of you have experienced similar events. Raising the manhole doesn’t help. The primary goal of condition assessment is to avoid the major failure of a critical pipeline. If your client has had one of these on a critical pipeline they probably have or will be receptive to an ongoing aggressive asset management plan. www.epa.gov/earth1r6/6en/w/sso/sso.htm EPA Region 6 Compliance Assurance and Enforcement Water Branch CWA SSO

Condition of Existing Infrastructure

ASCE Wastewater Report Card:

2001 D2001 D

2005 D-

2009 D-

Aging wastewater systems discharge a

billion gallons of untreated sewage

each year into surface waters

It has been well documented that the infrastructure is in need of improvements. The 2005 ASCE Report Card showed a decline in condition of wastewater from D to D-. EPA is conducting a “Needs Assessment” in 2007 to provide more updated information. The needs assessment is used by EPA to determine the allocation of SRF funding.

Condition of Existing Infrastructure

The Top Priorities identified include maintaining and rehabilitating aging wastewater

infrastructure, and a number of priorities associated with potential “catastrophic events”.

Conference of Mayor’s report also indicated 92% of the Cities planned capital investments in infrastructure between 2005 and 2009 EPA is conducting a “Needs Assessment” in 2007 to provide more updated information. The needs assessment is used by EPA to determine the allocation of SRF funding.

Failure of Critical Pipelines Can Have Substantial Consequences…

l Impacts service to customers

l Often laid under major roads -Substantial traffic problems

l Potential danger to public health

l Potential damage to the environment

l Repair can be very costly

l Public perception of utility!!

We know the infrastructure is aging, but we don’t know when a pipe will fail. Not all pipe installed in the same year will fail at the same time, we have to take action before the failure. The purpose of condition assessment is to prevent this.

Lessons for Management – Pipes Wear Out

l PERFORMANCE – Key is knowledge of the wear out process and application of asset management principles

l RISKS – Pipe life is an unknown variable that must be assessed with renewal technologies to optimize program

l COSTS – Expenditures are needed to match replacement or rehabilitation. This will require full cost pricing in rates

DEFINITION OF ASSET MANAGEMENT IS BALANCING PERFORMANCE, RISK AND COSTS Pipelines constitutes the bulk of a utilities infrastructure and are the major driver to altering Investment needs. In contrast to treatment works pipe replacement/rehabilitation require a sustained flow of expenditures not the periodic capital expense followed by years of service. All pipes that are “born” in a given year will not “die” in the same year. MANAGEMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURE IS BALANCING OF PERFORMANCE, RISK AND COST

Are Utilities Spending Dollars on Critical Pipeline Infrastructure?

l Broadly held view that a crisis is required to motivate spending

l Competition for funding with l Competition for funding with visible, tangible, and immediate benefit projects

l Proactive management requires a sustainable program based on known pipe conditions

We know Cities are spending millions, and the infrastructure needs replaced but are the Cities spending the money on the pipelines that need to be replaced. ARE THEY FIXING THE “RIGHT PIPE” Crisis spending gives the false sense that the problem has been “fixed” when the crisis is over. Have they looked at managing the asset and fixing the highest priority pipelines or are they just replacing pipe. The leaks that surface are usually pipe failures. Funding seems to be the one thing that slows the work. Spending budgets wisely is the way for municipalities to address the issue. Stories?? EFFECTIVE PROGRAM: Involves both elements of risk, probability and consequence. Addressing the crisis makes “Governing Bodies” believe they have solved the problem because the crisis has ended.

Knowing Condition of Critical Pipelines is Key to the Process of Managing the System

l Life expectancy for a pipeline system is shorter than design life

l Corrosion in the system

l Construction/installation practices

l Transient pressures

l Performance is dependent on major trunk-line systems –critical pipelines

l Leads to a growing sense of urgency to define the condition of critical conveyance systems

Construction back in the 60’s and 70’s isn’t what it is today. A lot of what happened in the 60’s needs attention today. CorrView Int’l has performed numerous ultrasonic investigations on old pipe installed in the early 1900’s, or at properties where a combination of old and new pipe exists and found a remarkable demonstration of how environmental concerns and government requirements combined with less tolerant engineering practices and cost cutting, have greatly reduced the life expectancy of most new pipe. (Wrought iron ASTM A72 removed from production in 1968) A lot of today’s growth is relying on the backbone infrastructure that is over 50 years old. Urgency to define condition of the backbone piping.

Various Technologies Exist for Condition Assessment of Pipelines

l Visual inspection

l Closed circuit TV

l Sewer Scanning Evaluation Technology (SSET)

Traditional Methods “New” Technologies

l Closed circuit TV

l Smoke testing

l Dye testing

l Flow monitoring

l Laser scanning

l Sonar scanning

l Electromagnetic (FELL41)

l Leak detection

l www.epa.gov/owm/mtb/epa-conveyance-report.pdf

Emerging Technologies for Conveyance Systems: New Installations and Rehabilitation Methods July 2006 Primarily discuss the “New” technologies. Briefly discuss CCTV because there are improvements in the digital camera and lighting. Visual if the simplest but with new regulations for entry into pipelines it is becoming more expensive. THERE ARE OTHERS BUT I AM ONLY GOING TO DISCUSS THESE

Closed Circuit TV

l Side scanning evaluation technology

l Pan & tilt optical zoom

l Push cameral Push camera

l Digital camera

The advancements in the digital cameras have improved this technology.

Sewer Scanning Evaluation Technology (SSET)

From Hydromax

HYDROMAX SLIDE Side scanning technology provides an improvement over the old camera.

Advantages of Side Scan

12-inch, reinforced concrete

“Unwrapped” side scan image

Frontal view

•Frontal view identifies what appears to be a severely deteriorated joint in need of repair•The SSET unwrapped side scan image identifies an intact joint with only superficial surface defects. No repairs needed!

From Hydromax

What appears to be a deteriorated joint in the normal view can be seen as intact in the side view.

Digital Visual Sidewall Scanning

By Envirosight

There are various manufactures of this equipment and they each have advantages. The ability to zoom in on defects makes this a valuable tool for condition assessment.

Side Scan Image Provides More Detail

Advantages Over CCTVl Faster than conventional CCTV (70 fpm vs 30)l Digital storage more efficiently (16,000 ft on a single DVD)l No stopping or panning/tilting for defectsl Accurate and detailed annotationl Lower cost of ownershipl Consumes less digital capacity/bandwidth for archiving and sharing

From Envirosight

Laser Scanning Inspection

Accurate inspection of large pipes

From Hydromax USA

Benefits Of Laser Scanning

l Enables inspection with minimum lighting requirements

l Measurement of the exact l Measurement of the exact shape of the conduit

l Identification of connection location and position

l Measure cross sectional area and perimeter of conduit

Typical Laser Results

From Hydromax USA

Profiling SONAR

l Used in

l Submerged pipe

l Pressurized pipe

l Creates a cross-section of the pipe

Distance measurement viatime of flight

Pipe Sediment

SONAR sensor rotates 360 degrees

19

Creates a cross-section of the pipe

l Quantifies sediment deposition

l Quantifies pipe geometry

l 3D pipe model generation

l Advantages

l Low cost high volume pipe inspection with no bypassing costs

Pipe Sediment

Sonar Profiler Inspection

Accurate inspection of large pipes with flow 1/3 to totally surcharged

From Hydromax USA

SCAN SHOWS BUILD UP OF GREASE

Typical Sonar Results

From Hydromax USA

Dist: 9”

Sonar Results of a 30-inch Line

9 inches 9 inches of Silt

From Hydromax USA

Sonar & Laser Tractors

Hydromax USA

Synchronized Data Collection

LASER DATA SYNC

Laser

Gas

CCTV

V-CCTV

LASER

SONAR

V-CCTV

GAS CCTV

DATA SYNC

Sonar IMU

Focused Electrode Leak Locator (FELL41)

One step infiltration/exfiltration

detection using an in pipe electrode

From Hydromax USA

Focused Electrode Leak Locator Applications

l Acceptance testing for new sanitary sewers of non-conducting pipe

l Can be used in dry weather conditions

l Sanitary Sewer Evaluation Surveys - Identify pipe defects l Sanitary Sewer Evaluation Surveys - Identify pipe defects including potential sources of infiltration (driven by flow monitoring data)

Below-ground part of the operation within the dry-well of the pumping station.

In this case, the hydraulic winch is attached directly to it without the use

Sahara® Leak Detection

“Extending the lifetime of your pipeline”

attached directly to it without the use of an insertion fitting as the pipe could be de-pressurized for installation of the equipment.

The Sahara cable can be seen appearing from the chamber access hatch

Typical Force Main Application

Sahara System Allows for Real Time Data Processing

• PipeSpy transmits signal to Sensor Head

• Detectable through ALL pipe materials

• Depths to 35 foot range

PipeSpy Locates an Underground Leak and the Corresponding Location on the Surface

• Depths to 35 foot range

• Locates within 18-inches of linear alignment of pipeline

• Stakeout, mark out, and/or GPS coordinate exact leak location

Complete the Condition Assessment: R3 = Right Pipe, Right Time, Right Material

l Over the Line Surveys – Soil corrosivity tests, remote visual inspections (SSET, Laser, Sonar or CCTV)

l Failure risk analysis

l Review existing pipeline data

l Develop plan, identify projects, cost estimates

l Prioritize based on known conditions

Managing Infrastructure Requires a Process

Condition Assessment

•Inspection Planning•Field Inspections•Assignment of Ratings•InspectionDocumentation•System

Prioritization• Assumptions Form• Risk Mitigation / Simulation Ranking

• Weighted Matrix Scoring

Prioritization• Assumptions Form• Risk Mitigation / Simulation Ranking

• Weighted Matrix Scoring

ImplementationSchedules

Project Development

• Identify Capital and O&M Projects

• Prepare Project Descriptions

• Develop Capital, O&M, and Failure Costs

15,000

20,000

25,000

$000

Prioritization Rankings to Reflect •System

Supply/DemandAssessment

• Project Identification

• Develop Cost Assumptions

• Prioritization Process

• Risk Criteria Ratings

• PrioritizationResults

• TimingOptimization

• ImplementationSchedule

• Phased Work Plan Meets Budget

Key Results of Process

Costs

• Facilities Assessed

• Results Documented

0

5,000

10,000

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2021

$000Rankings to Reflect

Level of RISK

Basic Steps to Management of Critical Pipeline Infrastructure

Condition Assessment

Develop ProgramDevelop Program

Prioritize; Based on Risk Analysis

Implement Plan

R3 = Replace the Right Pipe, at the Right Time, with the Right Material

Basic Steps to Management of Critical Pipeline Infrastructure

l Condition assessment

l Develop program

l Prioritize based on risk Prioritize based on risk analysis

l Implement plan

R3 = Replace the Right Pipe, at the Right Time, with the Right Material

Questions?Questions?Conveyance & Buried Infrastructure PracticeBryon Livingston, P.E.Email: [email protected]

Address:8400 Ward ParkwayKansas City, MO 64114Phone: (913) 458-3368Fax: (913) 458-3519

Engineering ManagerRich BlackmunEmail: [email protected]

Address:4800 Meadows Road, Suite 200Lake Oswego, OR 97035Phone: (503) 699-7556Fax: (503) 697-3699

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Implementing Engineering Technologies for Underground