Implementation of standards using Web technologies David Leal [email protected]

Implementation of standards using Web technologies

David [email protected]

Cool URIs for the Semantic Web

• How it can work– an overview of how to use HTML and RDF together– http://www.w3.org/TR/cooluris/

A key document:

• latest version 31st March 2008

Jane

believes

Getting started

Janet Johnloves

RDF diagram

N3

:Janet :loves :John .:Jane :believes { }

Getting started

people:Janet relationship:loves people:John .

@prefix people: <http://www.friends-are-us.com/registry/> .

@prefix relationships: <http://www.institute-of_relationships.org/vocabulary#> .

namespacesidentify the people

identify the human relationships

Getting started

people:Janet relationship:loves people:John .

@prefix people: <http://www.friends-are-us.com/registry/> .

@prefix relationships: <http://www.institute-of_relationships.org/vocabulary#> .

namespacesidentify the people

identify the human relationships

people:Jane truth:believes

{ }

Using emerging technologies

• Identifying things by HTTP URIs– getting data about them by “dereferencing”

• Data as RDF statements– readable RDF as N3– a little bit of formality from OWL

• The importance of standard RDF vocabularies– This is what will make it work– This is our task

About URIs• a URI is just a string of characters

– They are unique identifiers for things, which are used on the web– A thing can have more than one URI, but a URI identifies only one

thing

• HTTP URI– formerly called a URL– The use of an HTTP URI implies that an HTTP (HyperText Transfer

Protocol) access, e.g. from a browser, is valid– But you may be disappointed and get “error 404” – no answer was

the stern reply

• a URN– A URI which does not imply any form of access– used by some organisations – e.g. ISO, ISBN– urn:iso:std:iso:15926:-2

The Web is based upon HTTP URIs – don’t worry about URNs

What a URI identifies

• a web page– http://www.iom3.org/index.htm– You can open it with your browser – data is downloaded– You can follow links to other web pages

• an object– http://www.iom3.org– This is the organisation Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining– It has a Royal Charter – it cannot be downloaded to a browser

• a formula– http://www.iom3.org/formula.n3– This is a computer interpretable file of RDF statements about the

IoM3– It can be process by Semantic Web browser or by an application

Uniform Resource Identifier

Dereferencing a URI

• If the URI identifies a web page – you get it

• If the URI identifies an RDF formula – you get it

• It the URI identifies an object ....– The object could be the Eiffel Tower, or the Institute of Materials –

neither can be downloaded to your browser– either you get nothing (error 404), or you are redirected to

a “representation”

“dereferencing” means attempting to get some data. You can only dereference an HTTP URI.

access to http://www.iom3.org is redirected to http://www.iom3.org/index.htm

A webpagehttp://www.iom3.org/index.htm

click to view the formula

The IoM3 has not implemented this – yet

A formula

“Institute of Materials Minerals and Mining”title

“+44 20 7451 7300”telephone

webpagehttp://www.iom3.org/index.htm

organiser

“Materials Congress 2008”title

webpage

http://www.iom3.org/congress-2008/index.htm

http://www.iom3.org/congress-2008

engineering institution

type

http://www.iom3.org

Clever browsers

http://www.iom3.org/formula.rdf


http://www.iom3.org/index.htm

2008


http://www.iom3.org/formula.rdf - Mozilla Firefox

Is organiser of

Suppose you want a formula

• Usually redirection takes you to an HTML web page

– This is good, because a person may need to know what a URI identifies – the web page can tell him or her

• If an application want the formula, then there are two options:

– content negotiation – the HTTP protocol allows the GET request to specify the required format – RDF can be specified

– link from the HTML file – this is hidden in the header and is used by applications when required

Suppose you want a formulahttp://www.iom3.org/index.htm

link to the formula

<html> <head> <title>IOM3 - Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining</title>

<link rel="alternate" type="application/rdf+xml" title="RDF Representation" href="http://www.iom3.org/formula.rdf" />

<meta name="description" content="Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining“/>

<meta name="keywords" content="IOM3, IOM, IMM, materials, world, academy, profession, science, engineering, metals, ceramics, polymers, glass, rubber, minerals, mining, plastics, institute, careers, jobs, journals, education"/>

......

Suppose you want a formula


<http://www.iom3.org> a eng-sci:EngineeringInstitution ; dc:title "Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining" ; con:phone <tel:+44 20 7451 7300> ; foaf:webpage <http://www.iom3.org/index.htm> .

<http://www.iom3.org/congress-2008> a eng-sci:Conference ; dc:title "Materials Congress 2008 - Materials for the Future" ; eng-sci:organiser <http://www.iom3.org> .

An individual producthttp://packing-machinery.cn/item/08-12345

item/08-12345

Ruian Zhuxin Machinery Co. Ltd.manufactured by

type

model/ML1800

– person readable nameplate

– bar code

– RFID

specified as:

An individual producthttp://packing-machinery.cn/item/08-12345

@prefix rzm: <http://packing-machinery.cn/> .@prefix iso: <http://www.tc184-sc4.org/vocabulary#> .

http://packing-machinery.cn/item/08-12345/formula.rdf

dereference to get a formula about the model

rzm:item/08-12345 iso:manufacturedBy <http://packing-machinery.cn> ; a rzm:model/ML1800 .

A class of producthttp://packing-machinery.cn/model/ML1800

@prefix rzm: <http://packing-machinery.cn/> .@prefix iso: <http://www.tc184-sc4.org/vocabulary#> .@prefix packing <http://www.packing.association.org/vocabulary#> .

http://packing-machinery.cn/model/ML1800/formula.n3

rzm:model/ML1800 iso:hasMass [ scale:kilogram 14000] ; packing:maximum_rule_length [ scale:metre 50 ] ; packing:speed [ scale:perMinute 16 ] ; packing:motorPower [ scale:kilowatt 11 ] ; ......

who defines the vocabularies?– an ISO or IEC committee– a trade association

The Ruian Zhuxin Machinery Co has not

implemented this – yet – as far as I know

Semantic Web - a big opportunity

• Intelligent product selection– A super Google™ - You can search on semantically

precise attributes rather than text strings

• Automatic download into data sheets– Enter the URI of the product, and the relevant fields are

filled in by download from the vendor’s site

• Automatic validation that a product is really suitable for a role– System can flag an error if the properties of the selected

asset are incompatible with the properties of the intended facility

Making it happen • Basic Semantic Web technologies in place

– But still very new – some key documents this year

• Standardisation bodies assign URIs– URIs will be added to ISO 15926-4 early in 2009– Need to drag the rest of ISO (and ASTM, DIN etc.) into

the 21st century

• Who is working on it – Process Industry IDS project • DNV

• FIATECH• Intergraph• iXIT• Noumenon Consulting•

• Aker Kvaerner• ALCIM• AVEVA• Bechtel Corporation• Bentley Systems

• OLF• POSC Caesar Association• Statoil• University of Stavanger

Making it happen • Basic Semantic Web technologies in place

– But still very new – some key documents this year

• Standardisation bodies assign URIs– URIs will be added to ISO 15926-4 early in 2009– Need to drag the rest of ISO (and ASTM, DIN etc.) into

the 21st century

• Who is working on it – and a bigger picture ....– EPC (Electronic Product Codes)

• GS1 (Procter and Gamble, Unilever, Wal-Mart, ...)

– NATO Codification Bureau– SAP

Making it happen

ISO 15926-2

philosophy

basic engineering

ISO 15926-4processoil and gas

supplierparts

thing

individual

flange

2" flange raised face flange

API 2″ 300# RF

composition

classification

commodities ISO + tradeassociations

suppliers andmanufacturers

Fred Bloggs part type A1234-5

20

200

20,000

2,000,000

??,000,000

OWL

End

What is ISO 15926 for?

• To record facts, by the use of reference data

• To record changes

• Each fact can have a separate audit trail

• Support for data warehousing– Large scope requires simple and generic

approach

Simple connection example

thanks to Hans Teijgeler

pipe A-256-h pump P-101

2″ 300# RF

2″ 150# RF

2″ 300/150# RFconnection



2″ 300# RF

2″ 150# RF

connection assembly C-101




connection assemblyC-101

pipe A-256end 2 flange

connectionassembly

C-101

pump P-101suction nozzle

flange


part of part of

type

2″ 300# RF

type

2″ 150# RF

type





connectionassembly

C-101

part

classifier


compositionwhole

classification

classified



in ISO 15926-2 but not needed for RDF implementation





connectionassembly

C-101

pump P-101suction nozzle

flange


part of part of

type

2″ 300# RF

type

2″ 150# RF

type





unit45:A-256-h_end2_fl a api:fl_2in_300pd_rf ;

iso:partOf unit45:C_101 ;

iso:partOf unit45:A-256-h .






















@prefix unit45: <http://www.con-oil.com/project4/unit45/> .




URIs assigned by the user








URI assigned by a standard body – standard pipe fitting classes

@prefix api: <http://www.api.org/standard/pipefitting/> .





URI assigned by a standard body – standard pipe fitting classes

@prefix api: <http://www.api.org/standard/pipefitting/> .

@prefix iso: <http://www.tc184-sc4.org/15926/-2/tech/reference-data#> .




Documents

Implementation of standards using Web technologies David Leal [email protected]