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8/13/2019 Implant Introduction & History -Simple Version
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DENTAL IMPLANTIntroduction & Basic
Knowledge
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Dental Implant history
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Perkembangan Implan Gigi
Abad 16 ; fosil tengkorakimplan sederhana - pengganti gigi
Material : Black stone ( Sandhaus,1975 )
Awal 1990material ( metal ) : alumunium, silver,
magnesium, red copper, gold, nikel
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1940 ( Bothe dkk )bone fusing to TITANIUM
1952 Branemark )
penyembuhan tulang
sec microskopis
Awal 1960an implan gigi diaplikasi pada manusia
Pada 1970anistilah sseointegeration
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Tipe implan Subperiosteal
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Root Form
Jaringan Periodonsium = Jaringan PeriimplantPeriodontitis = PeriimplantitisGingiva = Periimplant MukosaGingivitis = Periimplant Mukositis
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In 1952, in a modestly appointed laboratory in the university town of Lund,Sweden, Professor Per-Ingvar Brnemark had a lucky accident -- what mostscientists call serendipity. Much to his irritation, Dr. Brnemark discovered that it
was impossible to recover any of the bone-anchored titanium microscopes he wasusing in his research. The titanium had apparently bonded irreversibly to living
bone tissue, an observation which contradicted contemporary scientific theory. His curiosity aroused, Dr. Brnemark subsequently demonstrated that -- under
carefully controlled conditions -- titanium could be structurally integrated intoliving bone with a very high degree of predictability and, without long-term softtissue inflammation or ultimate fixture rejection. Brnemark named the
phenomenon osseointegration. The first practical application of osseointegration was the implantation of new
titanium roots in an edentulous patient in 1965. More than thirty years later, thenon-removable teeth attached to these roots are still functioning perfectly.
The Father of DentalImplant
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Root Form (modern design)
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Implant abutment connection
External connection Internal connection
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Short Implant !!
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Crown : Root ratio ??
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Interface enhancement
*various interface topography impressed textured, diffusionbonded
microspheres, hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramic coating, grit blasted/acid
etched,plasma sprayed metal,plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite/calcium phosphate
Increase Bone to Implant Contact area
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PERLEKATAN IMPLANDENGAN JARINGAN LUNAK &
OSTEOINTEGRASI
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PERLEKATAN KE JARINGAN LUNAK
A. Jaringan Ikat Ada 2 kemungkinan:
Fiber berorientasi sejajar/sirkular dgn permukaanimplan permukaan implan halus.
Fiber berorientasi tegak lurus permukaan implan permukaan implan kasar.
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B. Jaringan Epitel
Jar epitel barrier antara lingkungan luar (ronggamulut) dan lingkungan dalam jaringan = periimplant seal
Perlekatannya junctional epithelium = pada gigi asli disebut juga epithelial attachment .
Biologic Width pada implan = gigi asli tidak bolehdilanggar.
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Biologic Width
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OSTEOINTEGRASI
Osteointegrasi = penyatuan tlg dgn implan Berbeda dgn gigi tidak memiliki jar perio Apabila terbentuk jar ikat antara implan dgn tulang (fiber-
osteointegrasi) considered failure
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SIFAT-SIFAT &BIOKOMPATIBILITAS
DENTAL IMPLANT
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Sifat mekanik implan Tensile strength mendekati stainless steel
Lebih kuat dari tulang kortikal, sehingga dengan diameter yang kecil dapat menerima beban yang besar
Liat dan dapat ditempa, sehingga dapat menyesuaikanbila mendapat tekanan mendadak
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Commercially pure titanium grade 4
Kandungan O2 dan Fe nya lebih banyak dari grade 1, 2,dan 3
properti mekanikalnya lebih baik tanpa mengurangibiokompatibilitasnya
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Mengapa titanium sangat cocoksebagai implan gigi
1. Dapat membentuk lapisan titanium oxide bila terkena udara, airdan cairan elektrolit melindungi metal terhadapreaksi kimia ( cairan tubuh )
2. Bersifat bioinert mencegah ion metal bereaksi denganmolekul jaringan
3. Mempunyai mekanikal properti yang baik ( tensile strength baik,lebih kuat dari tulang kortikal, liat )
4. Osseointegration dapat menyatu dengan tulang
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