Imperialism in AfricaImperialism in Africa

Africa Before ImperialismAfrica Before Imperialism

Divided into hundreds of ethnic and Divided into hundreds of ethnic and linguistic groupslinguistic groups

Europe only controlled 10% of the Europe only controlled 10% of the continentcontinent

Motives for ImperialismMotives for Imperialism

Need for raw materials and new marketsNeed for raw materials and new markets

Economic competitionEconomic competition

NationalismNationalism

Social DarwinismSocial Darwinism

MissionariesMissionaries

What made it possible?What made it possible?

European military superiority- Maxim gun- European military superiority- Maxim gun- first automatic weaponfirst automatic weapon

Quinine- fights against malariaQuinine- fights against malaria

Steam boat, improved communicationsSteam boat, improved communications

African disunityAfrican disunity

Belgians in the CongoBelgians in the Congo

King Leopold II gains control in 1882King Leopold II gains control in 1882

Forced laborForced labor

Excessive taxationExcessive taxation

Berlin Conference 1884-1885Berlin Conference 1884-1885

Europeans can claim land if they can Europeans can claim land if they can control itcontrol it

By 1914 only Ethiopia and Liberia By 1914 only Ethiopia and Liberia remained free from European controlremained free from European control

What did Africa have?What did Africa have?

Rich mineral resources like copper Rich mineral resources like copper and tinand tin

DiamondsDiamonds GoldGold

Boer War in South AfricaBoer War in South Africa

Boer- Dutch settler in South AfricaBoer- Dutch settler in South Africa

Great Trek- 1830s- Boers move northGreat Trek- 1830s- Boers move north

Boer war 1899-1902- Britain vs. Boer war 1899-1902- Britain vs. Boers and Britain wonBoers and Britain won

Forms of Colonial ControlForms of Colonial Control

Colony- country or region governed Colony- country or region governed internally by a foreign powerinternally by a foreign power

Protectorate – A country or territory Protectorate – A country or territory with its own internal government but with its own internal government but under the control of an outside under the control of an outside powerpower

Sphere of Influence – an area in which an Sphere of Influence – an area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privilegesor trading privileges

Economic Imperialism – Independent but Economic Imperialism – Independent but less developed nationals controlled by less developed nationals controlled by private business interests rather than by private business interests rather than by other governmentsother governments

How did they manage the colonies?How did they manage the colonies?

Indirect control – limited self-rule, Indirect control – limited self-rule, where local officials were used. The where local officials were used. The goal was to develop future leaders goal was to develop future leaders

Direct control – no self-rule. Foreign Direct control – no self-rule. Foreign officials brought used. The goal is officials brought used. The goal is assimiliationassimiliation

African ResistanceAfrican Resistance

Active resistance and religious Active resistance and religious movements largely unsuccessfulmovements largely unsuccessful

Ethiopia- only successful resistance – Ethiopia- only successful resistance – Melenik II – Battle of Adowa 1896Melenik II – Battle of Adowa 1896

Were there positive effects of Were there positive effects of imperialism?imperialism?

Reduced local warfareReduced local warfare Increased life spanIncreased life span Increased literacy ratesIncreased literacy rates Railroads, dams, telephone, Railroads, dams, telephone,

telegraphtelegraph

What were the negative effects?What were the negative effects?

Africans lost land and independenceAfricans lost land and independence

Breakdown of traditional cultureBreakdown of traditional culture

Division of the African continentDivision of the African continent