Imperialism

Be able to define the following:

• Imperialism• Capitalism• Nationalism

-&-• Recognize differences

between the 3• Causes of Imperialism

Queen Victoria

1. Imperialism – When a strong nation dominates other countries socially, economically & politically

“Conquering foreign lands”

Example: US gunboat diplomacy in Japan

Issue: How is the relationship btw the US & Japan an example of Imperialism?

2. Capitalism – Economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and operated for profit

“Individual ownership of business & property, geared towards profit”

Issue: What are 2 positive features & 2 negative features of Capitalism?

3. Nationalism – The belief that people should be loyal mainly to their nation.

“A sense of identity & unity with the people in your country.”

Issue: Is Nationalism necessary for a healthy nation? How can Nationalism be a problem?

The Age of Imperialism, 1850-1914

To gain power, European nations compete for colonies and trade.

Nationalism

Europeans exerted influence over the economic, political, and social lives of people they

colonized.

Europeans believe they must spread their Christian teachings to the world.

Missionary Spirit

Demand for raw materials and new markets spurs a search for colonies.

Economic Competition

Causes

Causes of ImperialismS – Population growth; new

knowledge (technology)P – Competition between gov’t in

Europe; spheres of influenceI – New Weapons; Need for

“bases”C – Racial Superiority; White

Man’s BurdenE – Raw Materials, new markets

for goods

The Age of Imperialism, 1850-1914

Europeans control land and people in areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America.

Colonization

Christianity is spread to Africa, India, and Asia.

Christianization

Europeans control trade in the colonies and set up dependent cash-crop economies.

Colonial Economics

Effects

Europeans exerted influence over the economic, political, and social lives of people they

colonized.

Effects of Imperialism

S – Continued population growth for Europeans; race implies social class

P – British Empire (largest ever); European gov’t ideals spread;

I – Wars for land/resources; C – Spread of European culture, art,

languageE – European wealth; dependent

nations suffer

Why Imperialism? Empire Building

Economics

Political and Military Interests

Power and Authority

British Dominance - called the Victorian Era after Queen Victoria who ruled for 64 years

Textbook readingRead pgs. 542-543Answer the following question in your notebook:

◦ In what way did the Dutch control of Java provide a model for pre-19th century imperial advancements?

“…the Sun Never Sets on the British Empire.”

What does this quote mean?

Imperialism or

Nationalism?

Decide whether the picture depicts imperialism or nationalism and tell why you chose as you did.

Principles of Effective OccupationPolicies1). Must announce to other European nations the protectorate status of regions

2). Must prevent rebellions in the region

3). Must show a profit from ownership

4). Must have some treaty/agreement with local leader/leaders.

Forces Causing European Imperialism: Africa & India

European technological superiority◦ Steamboats◦ Automatic machine gun◦ Locomotive◦ Telegraph

Europeans had the means to control their empires◦ Easy travel◦ Wide spread communication

African and Indian disunity◦ Huge variety of cultures◦ Fighting among cultures◦ Huge business interests and support from companies

British in IndiaBritish East India company controlled much of

India using sepoys◦ Sepoys – Native Hindu or Muslim soldiers trained by

British

Battle of Plassey (1757) – Nawab (50,000 troops) vs. Britain & Sepoys (3000 troops)

Crops: opium poppies for sale in China and cotton and tea for sale in the rest of the British empire◦ Cotton textile making outlawed in India

The Raj (“British Rule”) was so profitable, it was called the “Jewel in the Crown”

The Raj and the Rebellion (1818-1857)• British raj wanted to remake India through….

• Administrative and social reform• Economic development• Introduction of new technology

• British policy in India: • create powerful and efficient system of govt.• disarm warriors turn them to civilian tasks• give freer rein to Christian missionaries• substitute private property for complex overlapping patterns of

landholding

• British promoted western-influenced “traditions” (tea, sports, Christmas)• Women, subordinate Hindu castes, “untouchables” & poor did not

benefit in British reforms

• Raj = more jobs and drove Indians out of handicraft textile industry

• 18th century India = greatest exporter of cotton textiles

British Imperialism and Empire

• The Sepoy Mutiny/Rebellion • May 1857• Muskets offended Hindus b/c

they were greased with animal fat

• Grew to rebellion by Hindu sepoys • (Muslim sepoys, peasants, and

discontented elites joined)

• Rebellion ended in March 1858

The British established full control of India and its neighbors by 1914

The British controlled Australia, New Zealand and much of the far east◦ worlds’ biggest empire

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j6FA_3zuMuc&list=PLjSL7t_ukV9wMq43gKI4edVE-Yhqv9j0h

QuestionsDirections: For the following questions, answer each question in complete sentences. Provide examples for your answers. Also, do not simply copy words from the powerpoint. Instead, utilize the powerpoint as a source of study and write the answers in your own words. 1. How did European imperialism improve peoples’ lives? 2. How did European imperialism harm peoples’ lives? 3. What is an example of economic imperialism? 4. What is the most successful imperialist nation during this period?

What allowed them to be so successful (be specific)? 5. What does the term “Sphere of Influence” mean? Where & How

does America have a “Sphere of Influence” today? 6. Explain the Sepoy Rebellion & how it led to Britain gaining direct

control of India 7. Why did the Chinese restrict trade with Europe to one city? 8. What is the term for British Rule in India? 9. How did the Industrial Revolution give Europeans an edge over

other cultures? 10. Why did European Nations “Scramble for Africa” in the 19th

century?