Imperialism Imperialism

Bell Quiz: Use Pages 342-345Bell Quiz: Use Pages 342-3451.1. What piece of land did the U.S. purchase in What piece of land did the U.S. purchase in

1867 AND how much did it cost?1867 AND how much did it cost?

2.2. What were the only 2 African countries NOT What were the only 2 African countries NOT taken over by European nations by the early taken over by European nations by the early 1900’s?1900’s?

3.3. What was Hawaii’s main trade product in the What was Hawaii’s main trade product in the mid 19mid 19thth century? century?

4.4. What interest would Sanford B. Dole have in What interest would Sanford B. Dole have in acquiring Hawaii?acquiring Hawaii?

5.5. Why did U.S. military and political leaders Why did U.S. military and political leaders want to annex Hawaii?want to annex Hawaii?

Bell Quiz AnswersBell Quiz Answers1.1. Bought Alaska from the Russians for Bought Alaska from the Russians for

$7.2 million (two cents an acre).$7.2 million (two cents an acre).

2.2. Ethiopia and Liberia.Ethiopia and Liberia.

3.3. Sugar.Sugar.

4.4. Dole’s family will later own the Dole Dole’s family will later own the Dole Food Company.Food Company.

5.5. Military and political leaders wanted to Military and political leaders wanted to build a naval base on the island so we build a naval base on the island so we would have a refueling station for our would have a refueling station for our naval ships.naval ships.

What is Imperialism?What is Imperialism? ImperialismImperialism: The policy in which : The policy in which

nations extend their economic, nations extend their economic, political, or military control over political, or military control over weaker territories.weaker territories.

Why and what?Why and what?

Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny: American belief : American belief that we were destined by God to that we were destined by God to expand from the east coast to the expand from the east coast to the west coast.west coast.

ImperialismImperialism: Policy in which stronger : Policy in which stronger nations extend their economic nations extend their economic policies to weaker ones.policies to weaker ones.

How? Bullying techniques.How? Bullying techniques.

4 Factors that drove Americans to 4 Factors that drove Americans to ImperialismImperialism

1. 1. Economic Competition among Economic Competition among industrial nations.industrial nations.

2. Political and Military Competition2. Political and Military Competition

3. Belief in the Racial and Cultural 3. Belief in the Racial and Cultural superiority of Anglo-Saxons superiority of Anglo-Saxons (Caucasians)(Caucasians)

4. Manifest Destiny: Belief that the 4. Manifest Destiny: Belief that the U.S. is destined by God for U.S. is destined by God for greatness.greatness.

Admiral Alfred T. MahanAdmiral Alfred T. Mahan

President of the President of the Naval War CollegeNaval War College

He was a professor He was a professor at the United States at the United States Military AcademyMilitary Academy

Sir Alfred Mahan

President of the Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island.

Wrote a book called “The Influence of Sea Power Upon History. Encouraged the U.S. to modernize and increase the size of its navy in order to become a world power.

The Influence of Sea Power The Influence of Sea Power Upon History 1660-1783, Urges Upon History 1660-1783, Urges

U.S. to:U.S. to: Build a strong navy to defend Build a strong navy to defend

peacetime shipping lanes.peacetime shipping lanes. Acquire strategically located bases Acquire strategically located bases

where U.S. fleets could refuel.where U.S. fleets could refuel. Develop a modern fleet.Develop a modern fleet. Establish Naval Base in the Establish Naval Base in the

Caribbean.Caribbean. Acquire Hawaii and other Pacific Acquire Hawaii and other Pacific

Islands.Islands. Build a Canal in Panama. Build a Canal in Panama.

The “Great White Fleet”The “Great White Fleet”

In response to Mahan In response to Mahan the U.S. builds 9 new the U.S. builds 9 new steel cruisers steel cruisers between 1883-1890.between 1883-1890.

The U.S. Navy, The U.S. Navy, became 5became 5thth in the in the world in naval power world in naval power by 1898, by 1900 they by 1898, by 1900 they were 3were 3rdrd in the world. in the world.

Justification for RacismJustification for Racism**Social Darwinism (Herbert Spencer)Social Darwinism (Herbert Spencer): Applied : Applied Charles Darwin’s “survival of the fittest” theory Charles Darwin’s “survival of the fittest” theory to the societies in the world. Human progress to the societies in the world. Human progress resulted from the triumph of advanced cultures resulted from the triumph of advanced cultures over their inferior competitors.over their inferior competitors.

*Studied and evaluated every civilization based *Studied and evaluated every civilization based upon: Wealth + Power = Greatnessupon: Wealth + Power = Greatness

*Result=Anglo Saxons are the best and need to *Result=Anglo Saxons are the best and need to civilize the world.civilize the world.

**Hierarchy of RacesHierarchy of Races: “The Negro was at the foot : “The Negro was at the foot of the Mongol, the Yellow Race between and of the Mongol, the Yellow Race between and Caucasians at the top. There’s a small gap Caucasians at the top. There’s a small gap between Primitives Races and the Gorilla.” between Primitives Races and the Gorilla.” (Robert Chambers)(Robert Chambers)

Hierarchy of RacesHierarchy of Races

Whites: CaucasianYellow: Asian

Mongol: Eurasia

Negro

Where should the U.S. expand?Where should the U.S. expand?

Non-white Non-white countries countries that are that are not already owned not already owned by other white by other white countries. countries. “Inferior peoples.”“Inferior peoples.”

Hawaii, Cuba, Hawaii, Cuba, Philippines, Puerto Philippines, Puerto Rico, China, Guam, Rico, China, Guam, Panama, Panama, Nicaragua, and Nicaragua, and Mexico.Mexico.

Assignment: News CastAssignment: News Cast Each student will write a news cast Each student will write a news cast

for the local 10PM news reporting on for the local 10PM news reporting on the takeover and annexation of the takeover and annexation of Hawaii by the United States.Hawaii by the United States.

Use pages 344-345 of your textbook.Use pages 344-345 of your textbook. You may write the news cast from You may write the news cast from

either the perspective of the U.S. or either the perspective of the U.S. or the Hawaiians. Your choice.the Hawaiians. Your choice.

News cast MUST be written in your News cast MUST be written in your own words. You may use quotes from own words. You may use quotes from the textbook if you like.the textbook if you like.

Ha

Why Hawaii?

-Naval Base (Pearl Harbor)

-Perfect for stopping to re-fuel before going to enemy islands.

-Sugar industry.

-Fruit industry.

Hawaii

HaHa By mid 1800’s, Americans owned sugar plantations By mid 1800’s, Americans owned sugar plantations

accounted for about ¾ of the islands wealth.accounted for about ¾ of the islands wealth. 1875 Treaty allowed Hawaiian sugar to be sold in U.S. 1875 Treaty allowed Hawaiian sugar to be sold in U.S.

without a duty (import tax).without a duty (import tax). 1877 White business leaders persuaded the King of Hawaii 1877 White business leaders persuaded the King of Hawaii

to change the constitution to only allow wealthy to change the constitution to only allow wealthy landowners the right to vote.landowners the right to vote.

1877 U.S. forces Hawaii to allow construction of a naval 1877 U.S. forces Hawaii to allow construction of a naval base at Pearl Harbor. base at Pearl Harbor.

1890 The McKinley Tariff eliminated the duty free status of 1890 The McKinley Tariff eliminated the duty free status of Hawaiian sugar. Hawaiian sugar growers faced competition Hawaiian sugar. Hawaiian sugar growers faced competition in the U.S. from Cuban sugar. in the U.S. from Cuban sugar.

Answer to McKinley Tariff=annex Hawaii as an American Answer to McKinley Tariff=annex Hawaii as an American territory or state so that the duty is removed. territory or state so that the duty is removed.

1893 Queen Liliukalani proposed to remove property 1893 Queen Liliukalani proposed to remove property qualifications for voting status. This would return political qualifications for voting status. This would return political power to the natives. The natives would then not allow power to the natives. The natives would then not allow Hawaii to be annexed.Hawaii to be annexed.

Hawaii

HaHa

Hawaii1893 Queen Liliukalani proposed to remove property qualifications for voting status. This would return political power to the natives.

The natives would then not allow Hawaii to be annexed.

HaHa

HawaiiOn January 16, 1893 U.S. business groups in Hawaii and the U.S. ambassador John L. Stevens organized a revolt against Queen Liliukalani.

The USS Boston pulls into the harbor and marines take over the Hawaiian government, imprison the Queen, and establish a provisional government with Sanford B. Dole as president.

Dole refuses to step down when requested to by President Cleveland.Result=U.S. annexes Hawaii in 1898 as an American territory and the sugar duty is removed.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p3VuvvyMu9E&feature=related

Bell Quiz: Read the article Bell Quiz: Read the article “Insult or Honor” on pages 6-7 “Insult or Honor” on pages 6-7 of the Upfront Magazine and of the Upfront Magazine and

then answer the questions from then answer the questions from the overhead.the overhead.

White Man’s Burden: Rudyard White Man’s Burden: Rudyard KiplingKipling

Read and interpret.Read and interpret. Partner up: Summarize each Partner up: Summarize each

stanza by rewriting it in your stanza by rewriting it in your own words. own words.

Each person must turn in their Each person must turn in their own paper. own paper.

Bell Quiz: Use Pages 346-351Bell Quiz: Use Pages 346-3511.1. What was Cuba’s main trade What was Cuba’s main trade

product in the mid 19product in the mid 19thth century? century?

2.2. Why did Jose Marti destroy Why did Jose Marti destroy American property in Cuba?American property in Cuba?

3.3. What is Yellow Journalism?What is Yellow Journalism?

4.4. Name the U.S. battleship that Name the U.S. battleship that blew up off the coast of Cuba?blew up off the coast of Cuba?

5.5. Where did the first battle of the Where did the first battle of the Spanish-American war take Spanish-American war take place?place?

Bell Quiz AnswersBell Quiz Answers

1.1. SugarSugar

2.2. Provoke U.S. intervention in Provoke U.S. intervention in Cuba to help the rebels.Cuba to help the rebels.

3.3. Exaggerated news stories Exaggerated news stories written to sell more papers.written to sell more papers.

4.4. U.S.S. Maine.U.S.S. Maine.

5.5. The Philippines. The Philippines.

Chapter 10 HandoutChapter 10 Handout

CUBACUBA Cuba is an island 90 miles off the coast of Florida owned Cuba is an island 90 miles off the coast of Florida owned

by Spain. It’s strategically based and has a lot of money by Spain. It’s strategically based and has a lot of money to be made from sugar, tobacco and other resources.to be made from sugar, tobacco and other resources.

Jose MartiJose Marti: started a rebellion against Spain in 1895. He : started a rebellion against Spain in 1895. He Intentionally destroys U.S. property to get the U.S. to Intentionally destroys U.S. property to get the U.S. to intervene.intervene.

De Lome letterDe Lome letter: The Spanish didn’t think the U.S. would : The Spanish didn’t think the U.S. would go to war. The U.S. intercepted a letter from the Spanish go to war. The U.S. intercepted a letter from the Spanish minister to the U.S. Enrique De Lome criticizing Pres. minister to the U.S. Enrique De Lome criticizing Pres. McKinley and calling him “weak.”McKinley and calling him “weak.”

The U.S.S. Maine The U.S.S. Maine was stationed off the coast of Cuba to was stationed off the coast of Cuba to protect Americans and mysteriously explodes killing 260 protect Americans and mysteriously explodes killing 260 on board- Spaniards are blamed.on board- Spaniards are blamed.

Jose Marti Enrique De Lome

In the MediaIn the Media Yellow JournalismYellow Journalism: Exaggerated news stories : Exaggerated news stories

written to sell more papers. written to sell more papers. William Randolph HearstWilliam Randolph Hearst: Owned the New York : Owned the New York

Journal and used Yellow Journalism to get the U.S. Journal and used Yellow Journalism to get the U.S. to declare war against Spain.to declare war against Spain.

Joseph Pulitzer: Joseph Pulitzer: Owned the New York World and Owned the New York World and also used Yellow Journalism. He once told a also used Yellow Journalism. He once told a photographer, “You supply the pictures and I’ll photographer, “You supply the pictures and I’ll supply the War.” supply the War.”

New York Journal Headline: “THE WARSHIP MAINE New York Journal Headline: “THE WARSHIP MAINE WAS SPLIT IN TWO BY AN ENEMY’S SECRET WAS SPLIT IN TWO BY AN ENEMY’S SECRET INFERNAL MACHINE.”INFERNAL MACHINE.”

Hearst Pulitzer

Spanish-American WarSpanish-American War April 20, 1898 The U.S. declares war on April 20, 1898 The U.S. declares war on

Spain.Spain. The “Great White” naval fleet under the The “Great White” naval fleet under the

command of George Dewey invades the command of George Dewey invades the PhilippinesPhilippines and defeats the Spanish navy. and defeats the Spanish navy.

Teddy Roosevelt and the Rough Riders Teddy Roosevelt and the Rough Riders (cavalry unit) invade Cuba and defeat the (cavalry unit) invade Cuba and defeat the Spaniards.Spaniards.

Treaty of ParisTreaty of Paris: Spain frees Cuba, the U.S. : Spain frees Cuba, the U.S. gets Puerto Rico and Guam. The U.S. pays gets Puerto Rico and Guam. The U.S. pays $20 Million to Spain for annexation of the $20 Million to Spain for annexation of the Philippine islands.Philippine islands.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gCDcM3i1TfE&feature=related

Spanish-American WarSpanish-American War5 Minutes5 Minutes

Within each oval explain each Within each oval explain each factor in your own wordsfactor in your own words

Pages 346-351Pages 346-351

Factors Increasing Hostility

Yellow Journalis

m

De Lome Letter

Explosion of

U.S.S. Maine

Cuba ContinuedCuba Continued Platt AmendmentPlatt Amendment: : Cuba was Independent but U.S. Cuba was Independent but U.S.

troops stayed there for 4 years controlling affairs of troops stayed there for 4 years controlling affairs of the Island- Provided food, education, & medicine. the Island- Provided food, education, & medicine. Agreements:Agreements:

1. Cuba can’t make treaties1. Cuba can’t make treaties

2. U.S. reserved the right to preserve Independence2. U.S. reserved the right to preserve Independence

3. Cuba can’t go in debt3. Cuba can’t go in debt

4. U.S. can have a Naval base there4. U.S. can have a Naval base there

Protectorate (Protectorate (Cuba and Panama)Cuba and Panama): a strong nation : a strong nation exerts control over an Independent Territory.exerts control over an Independent Territory.

Puerto RicoPuerto Rico Sugar & tobacco industries. Also was strategic location for a Sugar & tobacco industries. Also was strategic location for a

naval base to help protect the Panama Canal and southern naval base to help protect the Panama Canal and southern U.S. Troops will stay in P.R. for 23 years.U.S. Troops will stay in P.R. for 23 years.

Foraker actForaker act: :

1. President of U.S. appoints Puerto Rico’s governor. 1. President of U.S. appoints Puerto Rico’s governor.

2. Established an executive branch of government and a two 2. Established an executive branch of government and a two house congress. President of U.S. appoints members to house congress. President of U.S. appoints members to their upper house of Congress.their upper house of Congress.

3. Puerto Ricans elect the members to the lower house of 3. Puerto Ricans elect the members to the lower house of congress.congress.

Puerto Rico became a commonwealth in 1952.Puerto Rico became a commonwealth in 1952.

1. Political Independence: make own laws1. Political Independence: make own laws

2. Handle their own finances.2. Handle their own finances.

3. Puerto Ricans are US. Citizens: Residents get free access 3. Puerto Ricans are US. Citizens: Residents get free access to the access to the U.S.to the access to the U.S.

4. Don’t pay taxes to the U.S.4. Don’t pay taxes to the U.S.

5. U.S. provides military service. 5. U.S. provides military service.

ChinaChina Cheaper imports and a large market for Cheaper imports and a large market for

American goods. American goods. Boxer rebellion: Chinese didn’t like our Boxer rebellion: Chinese didn’t like our

culture or religion so they closed their door culture or religion so they closed their door to non-Asian countries . The “Boxers” kill to non-Asian countries . The “Boxers” kill anyone with western influence: Europeans, anyone with western influence: Europeans, Americans, and Chinese citizens who Americans, and Chinese citizens who convert to Christianity.convert to Christianity.

Panama CanalPanama Canal Faster Trade Route= more $Faster Trade Route= more $ Our warships can travel to other parts of the Our warships can travel to other parts of the

world fasterworld faster Big stick diplomacyBig stick diplomacy: : “Speak softly and carry “Speak softly and carry

a big stick; you will go far. (First try to a big stick; you will go far. (First try to negotiate a compromise. If that doesn’t work negotiate a compromise. If that doesn’t work then take what you want.)then take what you want.)

Columbia owned Panama and wouldn’t sell Columbia owned Panama and wouldn’t sell the canal zone to the U.S. So the U.S. helps the canal zone to the U.S. So the U.S. helps Panama organize a rebellion. Panama organize a rebellion.

NicaraguaNicaragua Loan money to “friendly” governments to police the worldLoan money to “friendly” governments to police the world People revolt against President Adolfo Diaz of Nicaragua. People revolt against President Adolfo Diaz of Nicaragua.

The U.S. sent in the marines to protect Diaz and put an end The U.S. sent in the marines to protect Diaz and put an end to the revolution.to the revolution.

Dollar DiplomacyDollar Diplomacy: The U.S. policy of loaning $ to : The U.S. policy of loaning $ to governments so they may pay their debts. Result=Financial governments so they may pay their debts. Result=Financial alliance with theU.S.(Started by President Taft.) alliance with theU.S.(Started by President Taft.)

Missionary DiplomacyMissionary Diplomacy The U.S. refuses to recognize The U.S. refuses to recognize

Latin American governments Latin American governments that are oppressive, that are oppressive, undemocratic or hostile to U.S. undemocratic or hostile to U.S. interests.interests.

Mexican RevolutionMexican Revolution Revolutions in Mexico became a Revolutions in Mexico became a

common place as Mexican common place as Mexican governments were always corrupt.governments were always corrupt.

Americans in Mexico were killed by Americans in Mexico were killed by Pancho VillaPancho Villa. Villa also crossed into . Villa also crossed into the U.S. and killed American citizens.the U.S. and killed American citizens.

The U.S. sent The U.S. sent General John Pershing General John Pershing into Mexico to capture Villa (never into Mexico to capture Villa (never did) and protect U.S. citizens and did) and protect U.S. citizens and their property. their property.