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Imperialism1875-1914
Red-coated British soldiers stand at attention around a royal pavilion during a ceremony in India. Britain’s Queen Victoria took the title Empress on India in 1876.
Vocabularyo Raw materials
o Social Darwinism
o Christianity
o Empires
o Arbitrary borders
o Technology
o Innovation
o Ethnocentric
Competition Between NationsSo who do you think was the most powerful nation?Think Industrial Revolution!
Competition
In the mid 1800’s Britain was the most powerful nation in the world
Industrialization was higher than any other country
Produced more goods
British Navy guarded the oceans, why?
British banks and industrialization
Competition
Late 1800s two countries were challenging Britain’s economic leadership.
Germany and the US
Faced with possible decline of power, Britain looked to its colonies for markets and resources
Competition Pt. 3
The French and Dutch as well as other industrialized nations needed raw materials (rubber, copper, gold, and cotton) to make manufactured goods
These nations established colonies around the world and relied on raw materials imported from their colonies to make a variety of products
Who Colonized What?
Spain and Portugal attempted to build new empires in Africa
Austria-Hungary moved to the Balkans
Russia expanded into Caucasus, Central Asia, and Siberia
Other countries that had no colonies felt the need to acquire them
Belgium, Italy, and Germany all took over lands in Africa
Who Colonized What?
US and Japan Interested in overseas expansion
Interested in East Asia
US tied to Latin America
Europeans viewed an empire as a measure of national stature
Why?
Needed Raw Materials
Social Darwinism
Bringing the “superior” civilization to conquered areas.
Spread Christianity
Food For Thought
Why would the Europeans think they were “superior?”• Due to the Industrial Revolution,
Europeans regarded their new technology as proof they were better. (weaponry, telegraph, railroads)
• Reflection of racism. • Europeans believed that they had the right
and duty to bring the results of their progress to other countries.
National pride
Thus, the Race for ColoniesGrew out of a strong sense of national pride as well as from economic competition
Bell ringer: Read this selection from
Rudyard Kipling’s The White Man's Burden (1899) and
answer the following questions:
Take up the White Man's burden--Send forth the best ye breed--
Go bind your sons to exileTo serve your captives' need;
To wait in heavy harness,On fluttered folk and wild--
Your new-caught, sullen peoples,Half-devil and half-child.
1. What does he mean by “the White Man’s Burden”? 2. What was the exile of which he spoke? 3. What does the word captives indicate?
PRIMARY SOURCEI contend that we [Britons] are the first race in the world, and the more
of the world we inhabit, the better it is for the human race. . . . It is our
duty to seize every opportunity of acquiring more territory and we
should keep this one idea steadily before our eyes that more territory
simply means more of the Anglo-Saxon race, more of the best, the
most human, most honourable race the world possesses.
(CECIL RHODES, Confession of Faith, 1877)
• What attitude about the British
does Rhodes’s statement display?
Things to note:
Europeans wanted more resources to fuel their industrial production
Africa was a source for raw materials and market for industrial products
Before European Domination
Africans were divided into hundreds of ethnic and linguistic groups
Many continued their traditional beliefs
Many converted to Islam and Christianity
Although Europeans were able to conquer some of sub-Saharan Africa, the powerful African armies were able to keep Europeans out for many years
Before African Domination
Explorers, Missionaries, and Humanitarians who opposed European/American slave trade were allowed in
Congo • Henry Stanley explored
the Congo River• King Leopold II of Belgium
became interested.. Wanted to obtain Congo
• 1908 gave the land to Belgium. Now known as the Belgium Congo
PRIMARY SOURCEI contend that we [Britons] are the first race in the world, and the more
of the world we inhabit, the better it is for the human race. . . . It is our
duty to seize every opportunity of acquiring more territory and we
should keep this one idea steadily before our eyes that more territory
simply means more of the Anglo-Saxon race, more of the best, the
most human, most honourable race the world possesses.
(CECIL RHODES, Confession of Faith, 1877)
• What attitude about the British
does Rhodes’s statement display?
What is the Scramble for Africa?
The time period between 1880 and 1914 in which European countries competed to claim more African territory in an attempt to keep other countries from gaining too much power
Europe and Africa
How did Europeans create great empires?Expanded territorial claims in Africa
Why did they desire this?The belief that a large empire was needed in order to be politically powerful.
How were they able to conquer?Advanced technology (superior weapons, transportation technology [steamboat])
Also technology and innovation brought positive change: Medical care improved