Imperialism 1867-Imperialism 1867-19141914

Major Presidents During Major Presidents During ImperialismImperialism

William McKinley 1897-1901

Theodore Roosevelt 1901-1909

William H. Taft 1909-1913

Imperialism-DefinitionImperialism-Definition The Policy in The Policy in

which stronger which stronger nations extend nations extend their economic, their economic, political, or political, or military control military control over weaker over weaker territoriesterritories

3 Reasons for American 3 Reasons for American ImperialismImperialism

1. Economic 1. Economic competition for raw competition for raw materials and markets materials and markets for its manufactured for its manufactured goods.goods.

2. Political and Military 2. Political and Military competition, based on competition, based on the need for a powerful the need for a powerful new navynew navy

3. A belief in racial 3. A belief in racial superiority and mission superiority and mission to spread Christianity to spread Christianity and civilization to the and civilization to the worldworld

Anti-ImperialismAnti-Imperialism

Not everyone Not everyone agreed U.S. should agreed U.S. should expandexpand Some felt it was Some felt it was

morally wrongmorally wrong Some felt it cost too Some felt it cost too

much moneymuch money

America Expands-AlaskaAmerica Expands-Alaska

““SewardSeward’’s Follys Folly””-the -the purchase of Alaskapurchase of Alaska 1867, US bought 1867, US bought

Alaska from Russia Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million (2 for $7.2 million (2 cents an acre)cents an acre)

People thought People thought Alaska was frozen Alaska was frozen wasteland and a wasteland and a huge mistakehuge mistake

William SewardThomas Nast cartoon of Seward

America Expands-HawaiiAmerica Expands-Hawaii

Annex-to Annex-to acquire/take overacquire/take over

1898-United States/ 1898-United States/ President McKinley President McKinley annexed Hawaiiannexed Hawaii Overthrow of Queen Overthrow of Queen

Lil, and Native Lil, and Native HawaiiansHawaiians

Wanted access to Wanted access to China and EastChina and East

Sanford B. Dole

Last Queen of Hawaii, Lil

The Spanish-American War The Spanish-American War 18981898

Cuba was fighting Spain Cuba was fighting Spain for Independencefor Independence

Jose Marti`-Cuban leaderJose Marti`-Cuban leader Spain put 300,000 civilians Spain put 300,000 civilians

in concentration camps in concentration camps American newspapers American newspapers

began writing exaggerated began writing exaggerated claims of Spanish brutality claims of Spanish brutality towards Cubans that towards Cubans that became known as became known as Yellow Yellow JournalismJournalism -exaggerated -exaggerated news to lure new readersnews to lure new readers

“Yellow Kid” Cartoon

Newspaper drawing about Spanish officials strip searching U.S. woman

Jose Marti

Yellow JournalismYellow Journalism

Two New York Two New York Journalists race to Journalists race to sell the most paperssell the most papers

Joseph Pulitzer and Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph William Randolph Hearst publish lies Hearst publish lies about the war to about the war to sell the most paperssell the most papers

Joseph Pulitzer

William Randolph Hearst

The Spanish-American War The Spanish-American War 18981898

3 reasons U.S. enters 3 reasons U.S. enters WarWar 1. yellow journalism1. yellow journalism 2. DeLome Letter-2. DeLome Letter-

Spanish ambassador Spanish ambassador claims Pres. McKinley claims Pres. McKinley is is ““weakweak””

3. The 3. The U.S.S. MaineU.S.S. Maine mysteriously blows up mysteriously blows up in Havana and the in Havana and the U.S. blames SpainU.S. blames Spain

““The Splendid Little WarThe Splendid Little War””

U.S. attacks U.S. attacks Spanish fleet at Spanish fleet at Manila Bay in Manila Bay in Philippines Philippines (Spanish territory)(Spanish territory)

U.S. and Filipino U.S. and Filipino forces quickly forces quickly defeat Spanishdefeat Spanish

““The Splendid Little WarThe Splendid Little War””

War in CubaWar in Cuba Fighting is somewhat Fighting is somewhat

fiercefierce Teddy Roosevelt leads Teddy Roosevelt leads

a group of volunteers a group of volunteers called called The Rough The Rough RidersRiders in the Battle of in the Battle of San Juan Hill in CubaSan Juan Hill in Cuba

Rough Riders play Rough Riders play only small part, but only small part, but Roosevelt gets famousRoosevelt gets famous

African-American Unit that fought along side Rough Riders

Rough Riders

San Juan Hill

Treaty of Paris 1898Treaty of Paris 1898

Spain grants Cuba its Spain grants Cuba its IndependenceIndependence

U.S. gets the U.S. gets the Philippines, Puerto Philippines, Puerto Rico, and GuamRico, and Guam

Platt Amendment Platt Amendment allowed the U.S. to allowed the U.S. to intervene in Cubaintervene in Cuba’’s s affairs, which U.S. did affairs, which U.S. did on multiple occasions. on multiple occasions. Guantanamo BayGuantanamo Bay

Cuba became a Cuba became a Protectorate of U.S.Protectorate of U.S.

“Stand back, there, gol darn ye! If you force this thing to a fifth act, remember that’s where I git in my work” is the caption

1. What roles has the artist assigned to each of the countries?

2. What symbolic elements does he use to characterize each of the three countries?

3. In what direction is the artist hoping to influence public opinion in 1896?

This cartoon dates to 1898 shortly after the war

1.What symbols are used to represent the various nations involved in the unfolding drama of the birth of the American empire?

2.How does the portrayal of Cuba in this cartoon compare with the previous cartoon?

1. Is there a 1. Is there a contrasting contrasting underlying message underlying message in this cartoon in this cartoon compared with the compared with the previous cartoon?previous cartoon?

2. This cartoon says 2. This cartoon says ““Its really most Its really most extraordinary what extraordinary what training will do. training will do. Why, only the other Why, only the other day I thought that day I thought that man unable to man unable to support himselfsupport himself””

Interpret what that Interpret what that means in regards to means in regards to American American Imperialism. Imperialism.

““WonWon’’t you join the stars and t you join the stars and be my forty-sixth?be my forty-sixth?

1. What is the significance of 1. What is the significance of Cuba being represented as Cuba being represented as white and attractive or white and attractive or voluptuous?voluptuous?

2. Explain the apparent 2. Explain the apparent intention of the artist in the intention of the artist in the context of 1901, when Spanish context of 1901, when Spanish troops had left Cuba and the troops had left Cuba and the United States continued its United States continued its military occupation of the military occupation of the island?island?

““After the First MileAfter the First Mile”” is is the title.the title.

1. How is Cuba 1. How is Cuba characterized? characterized? Compare this to the Compare this to the Cuba in the previous Cuba in the previous Cartoon.Cartoon.

2. What do you 2. What do you suppose is the artistsuppose is the artist’’s s attitude toward the attitude toward the possibility of Cuba possibility of Cuba being annexed as a being annexed as a state of the United state of the United States?States?

3. What symbols does 3. What symbols does the artists use to the artists use to represent stability, represent stability, order, prosperity? order, prosperity?

““And to think that bad And to think that bad boy came near to boy came near to being your brother!being your brother!”” is is the caption at the the caption at the bottombottom

1. This cartoon was 1. This cartoon was published in 1905 and published in 1905 and compares Cuba and compares Cuba and Puerto Rico. What Puerto Rico. What symbols are used to symbols are used to create contrast?create contrast?

2. Note the racial 2. Note the racial representation of both representation of both islands. What is the islands. What is the historical context historical context behind these behind these seemingly opposite seemingly opposite outcomes?outcomes?

Philippine-American WarPhilippine-American War

Filipinos were Filipinos were outraged when U.S. outraged when U.S. did not grant did not grant independenceindependence

War lasted for 3 years War lasted for 3 years 1899 to 19021899 to 1902 20,000 Filipinos died20,000 Filipinos died 4,000 U.S. troops died4,000 U.S. troops died

Needed Philippines for Needed Philippines for easier access to Chinaeasier access to China

New York Journal –example of Yellow Journalism during Philippine-American War

China Open Door PolicyChina Open Door Policy

Spheres of Influence-Spheres of Influence-European nations had European nations had divided up China for divided up China for trading purposestrading purposes

1899 John Hay (Sec. of 1899 John Hay (Sec. of State) called forState) called for 1. open access to all of 1. open access to all of

ChinaChina’’s coastal ports to s coastal ports to all countriesall countries

2. eliminate special 2. eliminate special privileges for any privileges for any trading nationstrading nations

3. maintenance of 3. maintenance of ChinaChina’’s independences independence

Boxer RebellionBoxer Rebellion

An attempt by a group An attempt by a group of Chinese known as of Chinese known as the Boxers, in which the Boxers, in which they attempted to they attempted to expel all Westerners expel all Westerners and Western and Western influences from China. influences from China.

Rebellion was put Rebellion was put down by joint Western down by joint Western forcesforces

3 American Beliefs reflected in 3 American Beliefs reflected in Open Door PolicyOpen Door Policy

1. Growth of 1. Growth of American economy American economy depended on exportsdepended on exports

2. America had the 2. America had the right to intervene right to intervene abroad to keep foreign abroad to keep foreign markets openmarkets open

3. A fear that closing 3. A fear that closing of an area to American of an area to American products, citizens, or products, citizens, or ideas threatened U.S. ideas threatened U.S. survivalsurvival

America As World PowerAmerica As World Power

Great White FleetGreat White Fleet New all steel fleet New all steel fleet

of a dozen or so of a dozen or so ships that TR sent ships that TR sent around the world to around the world to show U.S. show U.S. dominancedominance

Painted whitePainted white

Great White’s World Wide Tour

America As World PowerAmerica As World Power

Panama CanalPanama Canal Built to connect Built to connect

Atlantic and Pacific Atlantic and Pacific OceanOcean

Cutting travel time of Cutting travel time of U.S. ships by halfU.S. ships by half

Panama was province Panama was province of Colombia, but TR of Colombia, but TR helped Panama get its helped Panama get its Independence to get Independence to get Canal builtCanal built

Teddy Roosevelt got Teddy Roosevelt got creditcredit

Roosevelt and Latin AmericaRoosevelt and Latin America

Monroe Doctrine-Monroe Doctrine- 1823 James Monroe 1823 James Monroe told European nations told European nations to stay out of Western to stay out of Western HemisphereHemisphere

Roosevelt Corollary-Roosevelt Corollary- Roosevelt restated Roosevelt restated Monroe Doctrine, it Monroe Doctrine, it was an extension to it was an extension to it and called for U.S. to and called for U.S. to be be ““police manpolice man”” for for hemispherehemisphere

Roosevelt and Latin AmericaRoosevelt and Latin America

Gunboat DiplomacyGunboat Diplomacy Use force to Use force to

accomplish goals in accomplish goals in world, especially world, especially Latin AmericaLatin America

““Speak softly and Speak softly and carry a big stick; you carry a big stick; you will go farwill go far””-famous -famous saying by Teddy saying by Teddy

Taft and Latin AmericaTaft and Latin America

Dollar DiplomacyDollar Diplomacy Invest money into a Invest money into a

country to help country to help strengthen that strengthen that countrycountry’’s economy in s economy in hopes of preventing hopes of preventing revolutionsrevolutions

By investing money, it By investing money, it normally meant U.S. normally meant U.S. corporations in Latin corporations in Latin American countriesAmerican countries

Wilson and Latin AmericaWilson and Latin America

Moral Diplomacy-Moral Diplomacy- WilsonWilson’’s philosophy of s philosophy of

extending moral extending moral standards to foreign standards to foreign policypolicy

Wilson told the world Wilson told the world the U.S. will never take the U.S. will never take anymore territories.anymore territories.

Wilson did send in Wilson did send in troops to Latin troops to Latin American countries to American countries to stop revolutionsstop revolutions

Achievements During Achievements During ImperialismImperialism

U.S. expanded access to U.S. expanded access to foreign markets to foreign markets to ensure economic ensure economic growthgrowth

Built a modern Navy to Built a modern Navy to protect its interest protect its interest abroadabroad

Became an international Became an international police force to ensure police force to ensure domestic dominance in domestic dominance in Latin AmericaLatin America