Impact of trail network on landscape MSc. Ondřej Vítek Impact of road and tourist trail network on alpine and subalpine landscape in the Krkonoše Mts

Impact of trail network on Impact of trail network on landscapelandscape

MSc. Ondřej Vítek

Impact of road and tourist trail network on alpine and subalpine landscape in the Krkonoše Mts. - GPS measurements and GIS evaluation

GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesGIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental StudiesCharles University, Faculty of ScienceCharles University, Faculty of Science

Praha, Czech RepublicPraha, Czech Republic

The Krkonoše Mts. National Park AdministrationThe Krkonoše Mts. National Park AdministrationVrchlabí, Czech RepublicVrchlabí, Czech Republic



WHAT - introductionHOW - methodsWHICH - overview of collected dataWHY - problems of measurementHOW - GIS evaluationWHAT - some interesting results



WHAT - introductionHOW - methodsHOW - methodsWHICH - overview of collected dataWHICH - overview of collected dataWHY - problems of measurementWHY - problems of measurementHOW - GIS evaluationHOW - GIS evaluationWHAT - some interesting resultsWHAT - some interesting results



Krkonoše - outstanding nature visible problem - road effect:

expansion & invasion indicators: individuals vs. communities area of interest

targets: Find out the extent of non-natural growths

Find out main reasons for distribution/extinction

Propose improving activities



KRKONOŠE MTS.KRKONOŠE MTS. National park (1963) Krkonoše/Karkonosze Biosphere reserve (1992) Weak subalpine nature vs. tourism

– grassland, peat-bogs, corries, Swiss Mountain Pine stands, …

– trails & roads, chalets, viewpoints, tourists, ...



natural statenatural statenaturally occuring species

(no influence)



expansionexpansionstable species

expanding species (positive influence of trail network)

disappearing species (negative influence of trail network)





















f



natural statenatural statenaturally occuring species

(no influence)



invasioninvasionstable species



invading species






invading species






invading species



invasioninvasionf

stable species



invading species



Indicators: individuals vs. communitiesIndicators: individuals vs. communities

expansion & invasion - pictures of individuals

summarising research - mapping of communities (all or only several types)



Area of interestArea of interest Krkonoše Mts. - high tourism exploatation

and outstanding nature alpine nature - little visible influence on

vegetation mountain veg. belt - giant impact of

forestry subalpine communities - effect of trails

best visible



Area of interest IIArea of interest II

6.8 km2 on Czech side until 1999ca 10 km2 on both Czech and Polish

sides since 1999



Krkonoše - outstanding natureKrkonoše - outstanding nature visible problem - road effect:visible problem - road effect:

expansion & invasionexpansion & invasion indicators: individuals vs. communitiesindicators: individuals vs. communities area of interestarea of interest

targets: Find out the extent of non-natural growths

Find out main reasons for distribution/extinction

Propose improving activities



WHAT - introductionWHAT - introductionHOW - methodsWHICH - overview of collected dataWHICH - overview of collected dataWHY - problems of measurementWHY - problems of measurementHOW - GIS evaluationHOW - GIS evaluationWHAT - some interesting resultsWHAT - some interesting results



target 1: Find out the extent of non-natural growths

GPS - position & info (database)GIS - maintenance and evaluation of

data



target 2: Find out main reasons for distribution/extinction

GIS - combination of GPS data (e.g. average width of TMV vs. trail stabilising material)

other sampling methods (counting tourists, botany, water, soil etc.)



target 3: Propose improving activities

complex analysis of all data, field observations and experience



WHAT - introductionWHAT - introductionHOW - methodsHOW - methodsWHICH - overview of collected dataWHY - problems of measurementWHY - problems of measurementHOW - GIS evaluationHOW - GIS evaluationWHAT - some interesting resultsWHAT - some interesting results



TRIMBLE data dictionary (.ddf)TRIMBLE data dictionary (.ddf)community according to dominant (menu)

Senecio hercynicusRumex alpinusCirsium heterophyllumCalamagrostis villosaDeschampsia cespitosaruderal comm. around chaletstrampled grassveg. covering < 20%

other comm. (text) - different type or co-dominants

AREA



TRIMBLE data dictionary (.ddf)TRIMBLE data dictionary (.ddf)trail according to restrictions (menu)

openclosed

according to stabilising material (menu)

asphaltdolomitemelaphyredolomite/melaphyre mix.autochthonous stab.non-stabilised

according to seasonality (menu)summerwinterfull-year

LINE



TRIMBLE data dictionary (.ddf)TRIMBLE data dictionary (.ddf)individual species (menu)

sampling point (number)

viewpoint (text)

drainage (menu)

phytosociological relevé (number)

bunkercrossroad sign (text + number)

frontier stone (text)

anthropogenous relief shapes (menu + number)



WHAT - introductionWHAT - introductionHOW - methodsHOW - methodsWHICH - overview of collected dataWHICH - overview of collected dataWHY - problems of measurementHOW - GIS evaluationHOW - GIS evaluationWHAT - some interesting resultsWHAT - some interesting results



Definition of bordersDefinition of borders

trails

vegetation types

asphalt

gravel



Difference between area/line/pointDifference between area/line/pointspecies occurrence (area/point)

how many idividuals are 1 point?

roads/trails/paths (area/line)

community (area/0) - comm. width < GPS accuracy



PDOPPDOP

max. 6 → accuracy +- 40 cmmax. ? → inaccuracy max. 40 cm

periods of PDOP >> 6

distance to the reference station

(150 km)



other problems of field measurementother problems of field measurement

stormy weather

„swinging“ of antenna while walking

inquisitive tourists



WHAT - introductionWHAT - introductionHOW - methodsHOW - methodsWHICH - overview of collected dataWHICH - overview of collected dataWHY - problems of measurementWHY - problems of measurementHOW - GIS evaluationWHAT - some interesting resultsWHAT - some interesting results



ArcView, ARC/INFOArcView, ARC/INFO

under constructionprecision checked with othophotos

and digitalised mapsGIS database - sums of area, length

(total or by categories)



average width of TMVaverage width of TMV



trails according to tourist loadtrails according to tourist load



WHAT - introductionWHAT - introductionHOW - methodsHOW - methodsWHICH - overview of collected dataWHICH - overview of collected dataWHY - problems of measurementWHY - problems of measurementHOW - GIS evaluationHOW - GIS evaluationWHAT - some interesting results



oldest trail: map from 16th centurynew roads & bunkers before II.wwtrail density: > 4.5 km/km2

trails: 1 % of the area (71 % trails stabilised with allochthonous mat.)

summer use: 19 km (on 6.8 km2 area)

winter use: 15.5 kmmax. tourists: > 700 in ave. day



area of TMV 3 %of AOIabsolutely dominating Senecio

hercynicus (expanding species)bioindicator of worst stands: Rumex

alpinusave. TMV width along asph. r.: 32 mnon-stabilised trails: no TMV



dolomite (limestone): Cadolomite (limestone): Ca2+2+

asphalt road - Calcium

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38

distance to margin of trail [m]

mg/

kg

road



WHAT - introductionWHAT - introductionHOW - methodsHOW - methodsWHICH - overview of collected dataWHICH - overview of collected dataWHY - problems of measurementWHY - problems of measurementHOW - GIS evaluationHOW - GIS evaluationWHAT - some interesting resultsWHAT - some interesting results



Ondřej VítekOndřej Ví[email protected]

www.labgis.natur.cuni.cz- our GIS laboratory @ FSc, ChU, Praha

www.krnap.cz- The Krkonoše Mts. NP Administration, Vrchlabí

Documents

Impact of trail network on landscape MSc. Ondřej Vítek Impact of road and tourist trail network on alpine and subalpine landscape in the Krkonoše Mts