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May, 16th, 2012
Page 1
Christian Beckers
Eckart & Valspar Meeting
Impact of Dispersant Technology on Dispersion Ease and Performance of Aluminum Effect Pigments
Jon Lawniczak – ECKART America
Coatings Trends & Technologies
Rosemont, IL Sept 10, 2019
Dispersant Study for Al Flakes
AGENDA
Issues with Poor Dispersion 1
Conclusions
2
3
Influences on Metallic Effect Pigments
• Coating Type & Chemistryo Water, Solvent, Solids, Rheology…….
• Pigment Shape or Type
o Cornflake, Silver Dollar, NDF & VMP
• Surface Treatmentso Encapsulation, Additives, Modifiers……
• Paint Application Methodo Bell, HVLP, E-Stat etc.
• Dispersant Used in Pre-dispersion
• Good orientation
• Uniform reflection
• Strong flop, high brilliance,
good hiding power
• Poor orientation
• Disordered reflection
• Weak flop,
"salt-and-pepper" effect
Flake OrientationPigment Orientation contributes highly on the “flop” effect of a paint.
The application conditions play a major role in creating the desire
“flop” characteristic
Dispersing Aluminum Pigment Pastes
Pre-dispersion of the flaky pigments is absolutely necessary!
mixing
1 part aluminium paste
1 - 2 parts solvent
0,5 – 1,0% wetting additives
on total formulation
Usually used solvents: aromatic hydrocarbons
aliphatic hydrocarbons
esters
ketones
alcoholes
Usually used wetting agents: Disperbyk 110
Disperbyk 163
avoid high shear forces
mixing
avoid high shear forces
Mixer / stirrer for dispersion in the lab
Improper dispersion; inhomogenous distribution of metal
flakes
(cross section picture):
perfect pigment predispersion
perfect pigment orientation
Aluminum flakes stick together
Aluminum flakes are aggregated
Poor orientation Good orientation
Pigment Orientation
Objectives of Study
• Determine how different
dispersant chemistries influence
effect pigment dispersion in
different applications.
• Determine effects on the
dispersion and the applied film.
Experimental Design
Resins Pigment Type Dispersant
2K PUR (force) Cornflake Fatty Acid
2K PUR (air) Silver Dollar Acid Ester
P’ester Melamine NDF Polyurethane
Acid EpoxyApplication:
• Spray applied / air dry
• Spray applied / force cure
• Drawdown (chart and coil)
Pigment Characteristics
Morphology
Non Degradable Flake (Thick)
Conventional (Corn Flake) Lenticular (Silver Dollar)
Ultra Thin (Vacuum Metalized Pigment)
Formulations
2K PUR Material wt %
Pre-disperse Acetone 7.5
PCBTF 2.7
Dispersant 0.8
Aluminum Paste 4.0
Joncryl 948 34.6
Joncryl 500 5.7
Garamite 1958 7% 20.3
PCBTF 8.1
Acetone 4.9
DBTDL Solution 1.8
Des N 3600 9.5
Coil Material wt %
Pre-disperse Aromatic 100 7
Dispersant 1.5
Aluminum paste 7
Dynapol LH 820-04 63.7
Cymel 303 13.7
BYK 3440 0.6
DEGBE 4.0
Aromatic 100 1.6
Dynapol Cat 1203 0.4
Formulations
Epoxy Material wt %
Epon 828 32.1
Epopn 8021 32.1
Dispersant 0.4
BYK 054 defoamer 0.3
Garamite 1958 0.2
Aluminum paste 7.2
EpiKure 3370 27.7
Coil Coating Panel Prep
Experimental Design - Responses
• Viscosity
• Orange peel
• Gloss
• Visual assessment
May, 16th, 2012
Page 16
Christian Beckers
Eckart & Valspar Meeting
2K PUR – Mix Viscosity
Seconds, Zahn #3 (GE)
May, 16th, 2012
Page 17
Christian Beckers
Eckart & Valspar Meeting
2K PUR Ambient Dry – Gloss, 60 deg
May, 16th, 2012
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Christian Beckers
Eckart & Valspar Meeting
2K PUR(30 min @ 140F)– Gloss, 60 deg
May, 16th, 2012
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Christian Beckers
Eckart & Valspar Meeting
2K PUR Ambient Dry – Orange Peel, du
May, 16th, 2012
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Christian Beckers
Eckart & Valspar Meeting
2K PUR(30 min @140F) – Orange Peel, du
May, 16th, 2012
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Christian Beckers
Eckart & Valspar Meeting
2K PUR Ambient Dry – Flop Index
May, 16th, 2012
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Christian Beckers
Eckart & Valspar Meeting
2K PUR Ambient Dry – L* 25
May, 16th, 2012
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Christian Beckers
Eckart & Valspar Meeting
Coil (90 sec @ 280C) – Gloss, 60 deg
May, 16th, 2012
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Christian Beckers
Eckart & Valspar Meeting
Coil (90 sec @ 280C) – Orange Peel, du
May, 16th, 2012
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Christian Beckers
Eckart & Valspar Meeting
Coil (90 sec @ 280C) – Flop Index
May, 16th, 2012
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Christian Beckers
Eckart & Valspar Meeting
Coil (90 sec @ 280C) – L* 25
May, 16th, 2012
Page 27
Christian Beckers
Eckart & Valspar Meeting
Epoxy – Gloss, 60 deg
May, 16th, 2012
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Christian Beckers
Eckart & Valspar Meeting
Epoxy – L* 25
2K PUR - Force Dry
Pigment Type: Cornflake
No Dispersant Fatty Acid Acid Ester Polyurethane
2K PUR - Force Dry
Pigment Type: Silver Dollar
No Dispersant Fatty Acid Acid Ester Polyurethane
Epoxy Floor Coating
Additive Type: Fatty Acid
Cornflake Silver Dollar NDF
May, 16th, 2012
Page 32
Christian Beckers
Eckart & Valspar Meeting
May, 16th, 2012
Page 33
Christian Beckers
Eckart & Valspar Meeting
May, 16th, 2012
Page 34
Christian Beckers
Eckart & Valspar Meeting
Conclusions
• Generally, dispersants help reduce viscosity in effect pigment-containing coatings.
• Generally dispersants improve film properties.
• Different flake geometries can respond differently to dispersants.
• Fatty acid types performed better with the 2K PUR but hurt gloss in the coil formulation.
• NDFs responded poorly to the acid ester in the 2K PUR.
Acknowledgements
- Scott Greer
- Ray Obryan
- Shannon Stevens
- Melinda Moeselin
Thank you for your attention
For More Information Contact Jon [email protected]