Impact of Cars on Society

8/3/2019 Impact of Cars on Society

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TECHNOLOGICAL TRENDSTHEIR IMPACT ON SOCIETY & CULTURE

THE AUTOMOBILE


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DATELINE


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1806 Franois Isaac de Rivaz (from Switzerland) makes the firstinternal combustion engine. The engine runs on mixture of hydrogen

and oxygen.

1807 The first vehicle with internal combustion engine fromFranois Isaac de Rivaz is built but it is not very successful.

1860 Thomas Rickett one of the steam car builders in Britain startsmaking cars.

1877 George Selden from USA makes first American internalcombustion engine car.

1885 Karl Benz builds an automobile powered by an Otto gasolineengine and patents it.

1893 Karl Benz introduces first four wheeled vehicle powered byfour-stroke engines of his own design.

1895About 30 vehicles had been built by Daimler and Maybach.

1895 George Selden gets the United States patent (U.S. Patent549,160 ) for a two-stroke automobile engine. This hinders car

development in the United States.

1896 Karl Benz designs first internal combustion flat engine.

1897 Harry J. Lawson founds Daimler Motor Company in Britainand starts making cars.

1897 Rudolf Diesel builds the first Diesel Engine in car history.

No other invention or

innovation has touched as

many aspects of our society asthe automobile. It allowed

Americans for the first time to

actually utilize the freedom

granted them in the

constitution. They could travel

wherever they pleased

whenever they pleased. The

automobile allowed people to

set their own schedule, and

have the freedom to leave for

work when they wanted at the

risk of being late, not when the

train left. Americas entire

lifestyle changed with the

coming of the automobile.

Cities were no longer the only

place to find urban comforts.People were able to live in

nice, comfortable

communities, instead of right

next to loud, dirty factories

STATUS OF THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY SECONDARY OR

INDIRECT IMPACT

DIRECT IMPACT

The automotive industry

is still at a nascent stage

in this era with themaximum output of any

factory being not more

than 30 vehicles. It was

yet to have the ground

breaking impact it would

have in the next century.

In the absence of the

assembly line system,

engineers and craftsmen

would customize each

part for every vehicle

made.


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1902 New model DMG automobile is produced and namedMercedes.

1902 Ransom Olds starts production-line manufacturing of moreaffordable cars in his Oldsmobile factory.

1902-03Maybach quits DMG and opens his own business.

1910 Internal combustion engines achieve dominance over steampowered vehicles.

1914 Henry Ford expands and improves the Ransom Oldsproduction-line manufacturing. Ford car comes off the line everythree minutes.

1914 Ford drops all colors but black because it is the only color(made in Japan) that dries fast enough.

1914 Ford factory worker can buy a Model T with four months' pay.

1921 Citroen was the first European manufacturer to adoptproduction-line manufacturing.

1925 Citroen, Renault and Peugeot produce 550.000 cars, othercar companies can not compete.

1930 250 car companies that did not have production-linemanufacturing disappeared by this year.

1940 Only 17 car manufacturers were left in USA due to the great

depression.

1923- The first shoppingmall comes into existence

1933- The first drive inmovie theatre comes into

existence

1920 More than 1 car per 13

people

1930- More than 1 car per 5people

The widespread popularity ofModel-T created pressure for

the federal government to

become more directly involved

in road development which

resulted in the Federal-Aid

Highway Program

STATUS OF THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

As larger plants and factories required

large work forces, Profession based

residential colonies were set up aroundthe factories to minimise commutes

Assembly line production became

synonymous with the automotive

industry. As a worker would do the same

job through out the day, it lead to

boredom, monotony, etc

The automobile became a sign of

status for young men and ladies in the

1920s. The impact of the automobileon courtship and mating is an area that

is frequently studied.

The car gave the housewife independence

and liberated her from the confines of her

house so that she could move out and

work.

The car was no longer a hallmark of the

rich. It was accessible and affordable for

the masses. This revolutionized everyfacet of a common mans life. His

perception of distance has completely

changed

Shopping malls sprang up everywhere,

serving everything from French fries to

wedding gowns. They were located at a

distance from the residential areas.

People would come once a week and will

fill the boot with supplies

DIRECT IMPACT

Before 1900, only a very small

amount of petroleum was

converted into gasoline. Withthe arrival of the gasoline

automobile, it helped to

increase the amount of crude

oil supply through the opening

of new oil fields in Texas.

SECONDARY OR

INDIRECT IMPACT


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Post 1949 Incredible Boost to the automotive industry in general,with new fangled designs being accepted world wide. The focus

was on artful and innovative designs.

1950s Car manufacturers begin to target the middle incomegroup with their variety. It saw the introduction of mini-cars which

specifivcally catered to them like the Japanese Keicar.

1960s It was during the sixties that the use of steel unibodiescame to be used extensively by the European car industry. The

newer models also experimented with alternate materials suitable

for the body like fiberglass

1960s The 1960s also saw the emergence of pony cars andmuscle cars in America, where performance of vehicles mattered

the most. The Ford Mustang was another popular car of this period

1970s The 1970s also was a period of major changes for theAmerican Automobile industry due to the 1973 oil crisis as well as

the automobile emissions control act. Moreover, the small imported

cars were preferred to the large American ones and combined with

the stagnancy in any type of innovation in this field, the American

automobile industry began to experience a fall.

80s-90sAlmost all passenger cars that are manufactured employthe front wheel drive unibody design, and are fitted with

transversely mounted engines, as opposed to earlier periods.

Safety also became a major issue.

Since 2000 With Global Warming and fossil fuel depletion havingbecome major issues, the focus has shifted on Hybrid cars, Electric

cars, etc although they are still at a very nascent stage

1955- The first Disneylandcomes into existence

1950 More than 1 car perfamily

1956 Interstate high waysystem begins

1985- More than 1 car perlicensed driver in the US

There are 450 million cars in

the world today.

People trying to get out of the

congestion of the city fled in

droves to the suburbs. They

commuted to their places of work,which have come to part of daily

life.

Neighborhoods are being built

without sidewalks because

people no longer walk

anywhere they drive. People

are less likely to be out walking in

their neighborhoods and stop to

talk to other out walking.

Neighbors are becoming more

like strangers.

In the absence of pedestrians

natural surveillance of streets,

which used to take place stopped

as a result of which crime graphs

soared in all major US cities in

the 60s and 70s.

Automobiles soon produced

problems of congestion and

parking.

STATUS OF THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY DIRECT IMPACT

The automobile had an impact on

the manufacturing of war type

products. "Automobile firms in

addition to produces trucks,

made shells, guns, recoil

mechanisms, gun carriages,

tractors, and aircraft engines.

The amount of wages was

doubled in factories.

The rubber industry got a big

boost from the tyre sales in the

automotive industry

SECONDARY OR

INDIRECT IMPACT


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MILESTONES


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Social ImpactThe assembly line production resulted in lay-offs of workers as workers began to bereplaced by machines. Most factories which did not have assembly lines were forced to

shut down as they could not compete with the stiff competition.

Model T made sure that the automobile was no longer an accessory of the rich. As it

became affordable for the middle classes, it allowed for mobility which was hitherto

deemed impossible.

1914


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Since 1920s

Social ImpactMans desire for competition and one-up manship also manifested in automobiles. Car

Racing competitions became synonymous with all that is macho and cool.


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Since 1923

Social ImpactThe shopping mall allowed for the commercial area to be shifted out of the city. This

heralded the end of Mom and Pop stores around the corner, which were an intrinsic

part of the social fabric of any neighborhood.


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1932

Social ImpactThe automobile allowed for the liberation of women, emancipation in a way it washitherto unthinkable. The car allowed them to venture out of the house in search of

work and made them more coscious of their rights, their freedoms.


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Since 1920s

Impact on EconomyTourism was one industry that was given a new lease of life by the automobile. People

were travelling and visiting places like never before. Economies of Hill stations, small

towns witnessed a surge like never before.


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Social and Cultural ImpactThe automobile changed the way people live. People chose to shift out of the cities to

escape the congestion and pollution. They shifted into purely residential locales and

neighborhoods. The proximity and close knot communities of city neighborhoods were

lost.

Since 1920s


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Social ImpactAs people shifted out of the city, the city centers started decaying. This

resulted in an exponential rise in crime and disintegration of close knit

communities.

Since 1920s


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1956

Social ImpactAs people could easily commute out of the city, recreational areas like

Disneyland could be established which completely redefined the way in

which entertainment is looked.


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1956

Impact on InfrastructureThe automobile brought about the need for highways as it never existed before. This

allowed for better networking of the country, unifying it, allowing free movement of

population across the states.


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Social ImpactEver since its advent, the automobile

has been a status symbol. It became a

medium to show your wealth yourposition in society.


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Since 1950s

Impact on InfrastructureTraditionally, all major cities were essentially mixed usage which resulted in close knit

communities where all major facilities were at walking distance. The automobile allowed

for rigid landuse zoning and dismantling of that social structure and way of life.


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Since 1960s

Impact on InfrastructureThe automobile brought congestion and space crunch in cities and traffic jams became

a word of common parlance. This has brought about things like road range, time

wastage, etc


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Impact on EnvironmentAs global warming and air pollution have come to be pertinent issues, the statistic that

50% of the air pollution is cause by automobiles has come to the fore. And increasing,

governments are trying to discourage the usage of automobiles in favor of public

transport.

Since 1980s


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Impact of Cars on Society