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Sushasan Bhawan
Bhadbada Square, T.T Nagar Bhopal (M.P.) - 462003
Email: [email protected], Web: www.aiggpa.mp.gov.in
Study on
Impact Assessment of National Food
Security Mission
(Implemented in Madhya Pradesh)
lq'kklu
SScchhooooll ooff GGoooodd GGoovveerrnnaannccee aanndd PPoolliiccyy AAnnaallyyssiiss
Impact Assessment of National Food Security Mission 2014
Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance and Policy Analysis i
Study Team
Akhilesh Argal, Team leader Gaurav Agrawal, Task Manager
Impact Assessment of National Food Security Mission 2014
Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance and Policy Analysis ii
Table of Contents
S.no. Page Nos.
1. Study Team i
2. Table of Contents ii
3. Acknowledgement iii
4. Chapter One : Introduction 1-6
5. Chapter Two : Methodology 7-11
6. Chapter Three : Data Analysis 12-22
7. Chapter Four : Findings and Recommendations 23-26
8. Annexure: Tables 27-32
Impact Assessment of National Food Security Mission 2014
Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance and Policy Analysis iii
Acknowledgement
Today, we feel relieved and satisfied as we could successfully complete the study on
‘Impact Assessment of National Food Security Mission (Implemented in Madhya
Pradesh)’. But the study would have not have seen the light of the day had we not got
support from various quarters. So, at this juncture, we wish to acknowledge personal
and practical support provided by numerous people. The task was gigantic and we
faltered on calculating the time but the will prevailed. Thus, our sincere gratitude goes
to all of our colleagues in the School particularly our Director (Governance) Sri Akhilesh
Argal, for their inspiration, guidance and encouragements at various stages of the work.
The support staffs of the School were equally helpful throughout the study and
deserved to be acknowledged.
To start with we owe a lot to the respondents of the study for giving time and agreeing
to participate in the study processes. The field investigators did excellent job and we
appreciate them for participating enthusiastically in data collection in remote and
difficult locations. They deserve for special thanks from the School.
Our sincere gratitude to Shri G.S Chauhan and his team for their hospitality and support.
Mr. Amar singh Mavai and Ms. Rashmi Modi need special mention. We also feel grateful
to the officials of Agriculture Department. as they were very forthcoming with their
suggestions.
At last but not the least, we gladly express my gratitude to officials of District Agriculture
offices especially Deputy Directors and there team for their hospitality and time during
the field visits to villages and responding to our phone calls patiently.
Gaurav Agrawal
Project Officer
Impact Assessment of National Food Security Mission 2014
Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance and Policy Analysis 1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
The National Food Security Mission [NFSM] has been launched by the
Government of India, Ministry of Agriculture since 2007-08 essentially as a crop
development scheme that aims at restoring soil health and achieving additional
production of 10, 8, and 2 million tons of Rice, Wheat and Pulses, respectively on
an area of 20 million ha, 13 million ha and 4.5 million ha, by the end of the year
2011-12. The Mission has been implemented in 312 identified districts of 17 States
covering 136 districts under Rice, 141 under Wheat and 171 under Pulses till
2009-10. From 2010-11 onwards, 302 districts of ISOPOM have been included
under Pulses component of the Mission.
2. INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM CREATED UNDER THE MISSION & ITS
FUNCTIONING
[a] NFSM Structure at the National level
In terms of NFSM Guidelines, a General Council [GC] at the National level has
been constituted under the chairmanship of the Hon’ble Union Agriculture
Minister. The GC is the policy making body providing suitable directives and
guidance to the Mission and reviewing the overall progress and development of
the scheme.
A National Food Security Mission Executive Committee [NFSMEC] has been
constituted under the Chairmanship of Secretary; Department of Agriculture &
Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture, to oversee the activities of the Mission and
to approve the State Action Plans. The NFSMEC is required to meet at least once
in every quarter. The Committee had however, two meetings in 2007-08, one
each in 2008-09 & 2009-10 and two each in 2010-11 and 2011-12.
Impact Assessment of National Food Security Mission 2014
Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance and Policy Analysis 2
[b] NFSM Structure at the State Level
The State Food Security Mission Executive Committees [SFSMEC] have since
been constituted under the chairmanship of the respective Chief Secretaries, in
all the seventeen participating States. The Committees have, however, been
meeting on a few occasions only. The average number of meetings of the
Committee, during the years 2007-08, 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010-11 works out to
around one. Seven States during 2007-08, two during 2008-09, three during 2009-
10 and one State during 2010-11 didn’t have even a single meeting.
[c] NFSM Structure at the District Level
[i] The Agricultural Technology Management Agency [ATMA], the autonomous
body established under the Societies Registration Act, has been created at the
district level for implementing Mission's programme.
[ii] District Food Security Mission Executive Committee [DFSMEC] at the District
level, DFSMEC has been duly constituted by all the sampled districts of the
implementing States for project formulation, implementation and monitoring of
the scheme components. The average number of meetings of the Committee,
during the years 2007-08, 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010-11 works out to around one
only. In five States, no meeting of DFSMEC has been convened in any of their
districts during 2007-08. During 2009-10 and 2010-11 meetings have not been
conducted in ten [12%] and fifteen [19%] districts of all the participating States.
3. PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE SUPPORT
All Crops – Rice, Wheat & Pulses taken together
[i] Extension Programmes
Under all the components of the Mission i.e. NFSM – Rice, Wheat & Pulses, the
participant States had been given a total target of organizing of 6.73 lakh
Extension Programmes of FFS and Front Line Demonstration. A total of 6.78 lakh
such Programmes were conducted and the overall performance was of the order
of 101%. The progress of the States taken together on this account was fairly
Impact Assessment of National Food Security Mission 2014
Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance and Policy Analysis 3
satisfactory. It, however recorded a declining trend. The achievement decreased
from 118% in 2007-08 to 110% in 2008-09 and further to 93% and 98% during
2009-10 and 2010-11 respectively.
[ii] Local Initiatives
The States had planned to undertake 61,561 numbers of Local Initiatives in
respect of the activities not normally covered under the Mission. A total of 39,264
activities were accomplished under this sub head leaving a shortfall of about 36%
in achievement. The targets were taken only during two years of 2007-08 and
2010-11 and the achievement level was around 68% in both the years.
[iii] Farm Mechanization
Under Farm Mechanization, 97.67 lakh Farm Implements [FIs] were proposed to
be distributed, against which 57.59 lakh FIs were only supplied. The achievement
level at 59% is far from satisfactory as the FIs are important for ensuring efficient
farming operations. The progress during the two years of 2008-09 and 2009-10 at
122% and 171% achievement was good. However, the performance in 2007-08
was poor at 41% of achievement and the same stagnated at 45% with marginal
increase during 2010-11.
[iv] Plant Protection Measures
An area of 42.41 lakh ha in respect of all the components of the Mission under
Plant Protection Chemical intervention was proposed to be covered. Against this
target, an area of 36.63 lakh ha was actually covered i.e. 86% of the targeted
figure. The progress was by and large satisfactory. The achievement exhibited an
increasing trend from 69% in 2007-08 to 83% in 2008-09, and further to 97%
during 2009-10. It, however, declined to 78% in 2010-11.
[v] Distribution of Seed
The States had been given a total target of distribution of seed of the order of
191.72 lakh qtl against which 145.30 lakh qtl seed was supplied to the beneficiary
Impact Assessment of National Food Security Mission 2014
Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance and Policy Analysis 4
farmers. The performance with considerable shortfall of 24% [ach.76%], in
essential input like seed, was below the mark. The performance showed both
rising and declining trend. The achievement level being 51%, 81%, 73% and 85%
during the period 2007-08, 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2009-11 respectively.
[vi] Application of Micronutrients/Liming Material
The States had also planned to treat 137.70 lakh ha of land with
micronutrients/liming material. Against this target, an area of 97.47 lakh ha was
covered thereby recording an achievement of 71%. The achievement had been
increasing steadily from 30% in 2007-08 to 61% in 2008-09 and further to 79% and
86% during 2009-10 and 2010-11 respectively.
3.0 Mission Interventions
Various interventions proposed in the NFSM are as follows:
1. Farmers’ Field School [FFS]
Farmers’ Field Schools are organized on farmers’ fields to provide
practical knowledge about the incidence of various pests and diseases on
the crops and their management practices. Financial assistance @ Rs.
17000/- per FFS is provided for organizing these Schools.
2. Integrated Pest Management [IPM]
A number of pests and diseases affect the productivity of pulse crops. An
integrated approach is necessary to manage their incidence and minimize
the loss to the crop productivity. Demonstrations on IPM technology are
organized with financial assistance @ 50% of cost limited to Rs. 750/- per
hectare.
3. Plant Protection Chemicals
If biological control measures do not result in effective control of various
pests and diseases, then use of chemical pesticides and fungicides
becomes necessary. For timely control of these pests, Plant Protection
Impact Assessment of National Food Security Mission 2014
Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance and Policy Analysis 5
chemicals are provided to pulse growing farmers with financial assistance
@ 50% of cost limited to Rs. 500/- per hectare.
4. Weedicides
Weeds compete with the crop plants for water, nutrients, sunshine etc.
Therefore, infestation with weeds affects the water and nutrients’ uptake
efficiency of the crop plants. In order to promote timely and better
management of weeds, weedicides are provided to pulse growing farmers
with financial assistance @ 50% of cost limited to Rs. 500/- per hectare.
5. Demonstrations
Demonstrations of improved package of practices in wheat and pulses are
organized with financial assistance of Rs. 2000/- per acre. In these
demonstrations inputs like seed, fertilizers and plant protection chemicals
are provided to farmers.
6. Seed minikits
Seed minikits of new and promising varieties of wheat are distributed
among the farmers free of cost to assess the performance of these varieties
in our State in comparison to the existing varieties.
7. Micronutrients
Deficiency of micronutrients, particularly Zinc Sulphate, is being reported
from various parts of the State. Deficiency of micronutrients affects the
productivity of crops. Therefore, financial assistance on micronutrients @
50% of cost limited to Rs. 500/- per hectare is provided to farmers.
8. Gypsum
Gypsum is the cheapest source of Sulphur which is an essential element
for plants. Widespread Sulphur deficiency is being reported from various
parts of the State. Therefore, financial assistance on gypsum @ 50% of cost
of material plus transportation cost limited to Rs. 750/- per hectare is
provided to farmers.
Impact Assessment of National Food Security Mission 2014
Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance and Policy Analysis 6
9. Farm Machinery
To improve the efficiency of farming operations and to reduce the cost of
cultivation, assistance on farm machinery is provided to farmers. Under
the Mission, financial assistance is provided on Zero till seed drill, Multi-
crop planter & Seed drill @ 50% of cost limited to Rs. 15000/- and
Rotavator @ 50% of cost limited to Rs. 30000/- per machine. Assistance @
50% of cost limited to Rs. 150000/- is also available on Laser Land Leveller
to a group of ten farmers.
Impact Assessment of National Food Security Mission 2014
Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance and Policy Analysis 7
CHAPTER II
METHODOLOGY
2.1 Mission objectives
The Mission seeks to generate additional production of rice, wheat and pulses
through use of a well orchestrated package of interventions that blend the
technology promotion with responsive administration for timely delivery of
agricultural inputs and services to bridge the yield gap in selected Districts. The
Mission aims at harnessing the capacities of the participating institutions to
surmount the huge challenge of administering its programs in relatively
backward target districts. In addition to targeted increase in production the
Mission aims at:
Restoring soil fertility and productivity at the individual farm level.
Creation of employment opportunities.
Enhancing farm level economy to restore confidence among the farmers.
Creating awareness about the use of improved seed and crop production
technology
2.2 Objective of the study
1. To determine the impact of the scheme on the production of the wheat,
rice and pulses in the State.
2. To analyze the impact on the land use pattern, i.e, Irrigated and non
irrigated land.
3. Evaluate the impact of various inputs (like soil ameliorants, plant
nutrients, farm machines/implements and plant protection measures) on
the production.
4. To analyze the impact of the Mission on the social and economical status
of the farmers.
5. Creation of employment opportunities.
Impact Assessment of National Food Security Mission 2014
Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance and Policy Analysis 8
2.3 Research Design
The ex-post facto research design has been used in the current assessment study,
as the interventions were either already made or are ongoing. The data on the
parameters have been collected using qualitative and quantitative techniques.
2.3.1 Quantitative and Qualitative data collection
Questionnaire had been designed in such a way so as to cover all the aspects of
the mission. It had been finalized in active discussions with the state level
officials of the respective department. The quantitative questionnaire had been
administered on the beneficiaries of the National food security mission. The
qualitative technique like “Focus Group Discussions (FGD)” had been
conducted in Dhar, Dewas and Katni districts.
2.4 Development and Use of Tools
The tools for the study were developed in relations to the NFSM interventions.
As a background materials project documents, existing reports, studies, and
other related documents were thoroughly studied. Efforts were made to make
exhaustive tool encompassing entire aspects of the project.
2.4.1 Pilot Testing of the Tools
The questionnaire for quantitative data collection was field tested to see its
applicability with the respondents. Necessary amendments were made based on
the basis of experiences from the field. The major changes occurred in the
questionnaire were related to avoiding of repetitive questions for different areas.
2.4.2 Finalization and Administration of the Tools
Based on the feedback from the pilot testing the questionnaire was finalized and
used in the study. The administration of the questionnaire was done in very
systematic manner. The field investigators were chosen from the sampled
districts, so that they are able to extract the information to maximum extent. The
questionnaires were filled with individual respondents with all seriousness and
sincerity.
Impact Assessment of National Food Security Mission 2014
Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance and Policy Analysis 9
2.4.3 Orientation Programme for Field Investigators
For any research assignment, capacity building of the research team is must. For
this purpose, an orientation programme had been conducted at the state level for
the field investigators. In this orientation programme, field investigators had
been thoroughly informed about the various aspects related to the data collection
with the help of the resource persons drawn from School of Good Governance
and Policy Analysis, Bhopal.
2.5 Sampling
2.5.1 Selection of Districts
The present concurrent evaluation study covers the individuals directly
benefited from any one or more component of NFSM. The Impact assessment
study was conducted in six sample district, selecting two sample districts for
each crop. The districts have been selected as per list of districts provided by
NFSM. Accordingly, Dhar and Dewas districts have taken up for study related to
Wheat; while Harda and Raisen were selected for study related to Pulses. For the
Rice, Shahdol and Katni districts have been selected. From each district two
blocks were chosen randomly. From each block, about6 districts, 10 villages were
selected, from each village 10 beneficiaries were selected. Overall 12 blocks and
more than 120 villages has been covered under the study.
2.5.2 Selection of Respondents
A total of 200 individual respondents have been covered under the study from
each district. About 10 respondents were interviewed from each sample village,
who have been assisted under NFSM. The selection of sample has been made on
the basis of availability of individual respondent beneficiaries out of list
provided by the district offices of the department of Farmer Welfare and
Agriculture Development.
2.6 Qualitative Data Collection
Keeping the importance of qualitative exercises and that too with groups like
rural people, it was proposed in the study proposal to have FGDs in three
Impact Assessment of National Food Security Mission 2014
Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance and Policy Analysis 10
districts. The qualitative data were collected from the beneficiaries during FGD.
Through the Issue focused group discussion different issues were covered and
taken under the analysis.
2.7 Variables
The variables/parameters taken in the study had been categorised as follows:
2.7.1 Measured variables
The measured variables (the dependent variables) in the study were;
Nature and spread of the scheme Perceptions and usefulness of the Scheme
Increase in production of crops
Changes in land use pattern
Changes in the lives of beneficiaries impacting their income, knowledge,
awareness, livelihoods opportunities, information, services delivery etc. Accessibility, effectiveness, timeliness, quality and sustainability of
intervention made under scheme Constraints in accessing facilities/services offered
2.7.2 Matching variables
The study contained following matching variables (the independent);
Village
District
Family income
Farmers
Production
Land use pattern
Gender
Impact Assessment of National Food Security Mission 2014
Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance and Policy Analysis 11
2.8 Screening and Feeding of Data
Data collected had been screened thoroughly not only during the collection but
also after collection and before feeding into the system so to ensure the quality
and accuracy
2.9 Analysis of Data Keeping into considerations the requirements of the study and nature of data the
analyses were made through finding out frequencies, percentages, averages etc.
The qualitative data was generated through PRA techniques and the analyses
were made mainly through content analysis of the FGDs and developing few
cases studies from personal interviews.
Impact Assessment of the National Food Security Mission 2014
Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance and Policy Analysis 12
CHAPTER III
Data Analysis
3.0 Socio-Economic Profile of Respondents
3.1 Gender Profile
The following chart predict that the sample size taken under the study consist
both the male and female
farmers. At the state level, it
was found that there has
been only 15 percent
women farmer participation
in the agricultural activity
under the mission. The chart
depict that the maximum 18
percent female farmers were
benefitted in the Harda district, whereas 82 percent male were benefitted. In the
Dhar district only 8 percent female were benefitted.
3.2 Caste Category Distribution
The study has revealed that the weaker groups were most benefitted from the
scheme, which is one of the
major objectives of the
scheme. At the state level 33
percent beneficiary are from
the Schedule Tribes, 26
percent from Other
Backward castes, 23 percent
general and 23 percent were
from Schedule Caste
Impact Assessment of the National Food Security Mission 2014
Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance and Policy Analysis 13
category. At the District level Dhar district, being a tribal district has the
maximum (96 percent) beneficiary from Schedule tribe group, whereas in the
sampled area of Harda district maximum (53 percent) beneficiary were from
Schedule caste group. From the OBC category, maximum percent (51 percent)
were from Katni district.
3.3 Financial status
As far as the financial status is concern, the study shows that at the state level 67
percent beneficiaries
belong to the Above
Poverty Line and 33
percent beneficiaries were
from the Below Poverty
Line, During the focused
group it came to notice
that farmers belonging to
the Below Poverty Line do
not had enough resources even after the subsidy to avail the facilities under the
scheme. At the district level, in Katni district maximum (83 percent) respondents
belong to the Above Poverty Line, where maximum (51 percent) respondents
belonging to the Below Poverty Line were from Shahdol district.
3.4 Educational status The study explored the
educational level of the
beneficiaries under national
food security mission. The
chart shows that at the state
level major chunk (32
percent) of respondents
Impact Assessment of the National Food Security Mission 2014
Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance and Policy Analysis 14
were primary pass, 23 percent were educated up to middle school, and 14
percent were educated up to high school. The study also revealed the fact that
the percentage of illiterate farmers among the total number of beneficiary was
only 16 percent. At the district level, high illiteracy level among the repondents
was found in the Dhar (30 percent) and in Shahdol (28 percent) districts.
3.5 Landholding Patterns
Majority of beneficiaries (53 percent) in the scheme were small farmers, 21
percent were marginal
farmers. However, medium
and large farmers also got
support under the scheme
at 20 percent and 6 percent
respectively. The outcome
of the study also supports
the objective of the scheme
to support maximum
number of small and marginal farmers. At the district level, maximum number
(63 percent) of small number was in Katni district, whereas in Raisen minimum
number (39 percent) of small farmer were benefitted. In Dhar district as much as
30 percent marginal farmers were got supported by the scheme.
3.6 Awareness about the scheme
It was found that most of all
beneficiaries were widely
aware about the scheme
throughout the state. No
drastic variation was noticed
in the awareness level of the
beneficiaries. The following
Impact Assessment of the National Food Security Mission 2014
Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance and Policy Analysis 15
chart shows that at the state level 98 percent beneficiaries aware about the
scheme, whereas only 2 percent beneficiaries were unaware.
3.6.1 Sources of awareness
The study reveals that the Gram sewak had played important role in the
dissemination of the
awareness and knowledge
about the scheme. At the
state level 92 percent
beneficiaries has acquired
the know-how about the
scheme from gram sewak,
whereas 44 percent
beneficiaries were also
persuaded by the Krishakmitras. Only 5 percent beneficiaries got the information
from the sarpanch. At the district level 99 percent in Dhar and 98 percent
beneficiaries in Harda got information about the scheme from Gram sewak
3.7 Famer’s and NFSM Crops
Impact Assessment of the National Food Security Mission 2014
Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance and Policy Analysis 16
The above chart shows that at the state level 65 percent beneficiaries were
supported by the scheme in the wheat production, 26 percent beneficiaries' were
provided support in rice production and 56 percent beneficiaries were rendered
help in pulses production. At the district level, in Raisen district 45 percent
beneficiaries were got supported in wheat production and 55 percent were
supported for pulses production. In Dhar district 80 percent beneficiaries
benefitted in the wheat production and 20 percent benefitted under pulses
production. In Dewas district 8o percent beneficiaries were benefitted in the
production of wheat and 20 percent got supported in the production of pulses.
However in Katni district beneficiaries got benefitted in all three wheat, Rice and
pulses production, in wheat 96 percent, rice 90 percent and in pulses 81 percent
beneficiaries were benefitted. In Shahdol district 22 percent beneficiaries got
supported in wheat production, 64 percent in rice and 35 percent in pulses. In
Harda district 68 percent beneficiaries benefitted in the production of wheat,
whereas 78 percent benefitted in pulses production.
3.8 Component-wise Analysis
3.8.1 Farm School and Demonstration
One of the major component of the program is farm school and demonstration,
in which on farm training is
provided to the farmers.
Under this component, the
study shows that the
farmers were not so eager
to participate in this
activity.At the state level
only 46 percent farmers
attended the activity and at
the district level maximum 72 and 66 percent beneficiaries attended the farm
Impact Assessment of the National Food Security Mission 2014
Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance and Policy Analysis 17
school and demonstration at Raisen and Harda districts respectively, whereas in
the districts like Katni and Dewas , farmers were not so optimistic about getting
on field training from the experts. The study shows that only only 8 and 14
percent attended such training in Katni and Dewas district respectively.
3.8.2 Support of Hybrid Seeds
Providing hybrid seeds at subsidized rate is one of the other major components
of the scheme. The study
shows that at the state level
only 57 percent
beneficiaries were rendered
the seeds, whereas 43
percent beneficiaries were
deprived of such benefit. At
the district level, the most
beneficiaries were
benefitted in the Raisen, Katni and Harda district with 82, 80 and 71 percent
respectively. On the other hand most of the beneficiaries in districts like Dewas
and Dhar were deprived of the benefit, only 14 percent in Dewas and 42 percent
beneficiaries in Dhar district were benefitted.
3.8.3 Support of Micro Nutrients
The scheme also provides
micro nutrients to the
farmers at the subsidized
rate. The study reveals that
at the state level merely 31
percent farmers were
benefitted under this
particular component. This
Impact Assessment of the National Food Security Mission 2014
Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance and Policy Analysis 18
shows that farmers were not so eager to use micro nutrients. At the district level,
highest percentage (42 percent) of respondents using micro nutrients were from
katni district, whereas use of micro nutrients was minimal in Raisen district (18
percent).
3.8.4 Application of Insecticide and Protective Chemicals
Motivating farmers for use of insecticide and protective chemicals and render
them at subsidized rate, is
also one of the important
components of the scheme.
At the state level only 30
percent of the farmers avail
themselves of this benefit.
At the district, maximum
number of beneficiary
availing the benefit were
from katni district (46 percent), whereas minimum number was from Dewas
district (20 percent).
3.8.5 Capacity Building
Under NFSM scheme different types of training are provided to the farmers.
Following chart depicts that
at the state level only 48
percent respondents
received training. At the
district level maximum
number of beneficiaries
receiving training were from
Harda district, whereas in
Raisen only one-third of respondents received training under the program.
Impact Assessment of the National Food Security Mission 2014
Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance and Policy Analysis 19
53%
78%92%
85%
60% 65%72%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Shah
do
l
Kat
ni
Dew
as
Dh
ar
Rai
sen
Har
da
Stat
e
3.8.7 Soil Testing
3.8.6.1 Soil Testing
Following chart depict that at the state level 72 percent respondents got soil
tested, whereas 28 percent
didn’t sent the soil sample
for testing. At the district
level, most of the
respondents (92 percent)
from Dewas district got soil
sample tested. On the other
hand, the percentage among
the sampled districts was minimum (53 percent) in Shahdol district.
3.8.6.2 Receipt of soil testing report within stipulated time frame
Following chart shows the receiving status of the soil report of six districts. At
the state level most of the
respondents (57 percent)
didn’t received report
within a time frame. At the
district level, only in Harda
district about 51 percent of
respondents received the
soil report within a time
limit, whereas in Dewas district about 68 percent of the respondents didn’t
received the report within time frame.
3.8.7 Farm Mechanization
One of the important aspects of the scheme is providing modern implements to
the farmers. The following chart shows that, at the state level 42 percent of the
respondents were benefitted under this component. At the district level,
Impact Assessment of the National Food Security Mission 2014
Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance and Policy Analysis 20
2% 5% 9%
23%
46%
83%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
3.8.9 Yearwise percentage of respondents
maximum (54 percent) of
the respondents were
benefitted in the Katni
district, whereas minimum
number (36 percent) of
respondents were from
Harda district.
3.8.8 Utilizing Hybrid Seeds
Following graph shows the
percentage of respondents
using certified hybrid seeds
in the six sampled districts.
At the state level 92 percent
respondents are using
certified hybrid seeds.. At
the district level, this
percentage was highest (97 percent) in Katni district.
3.8.9 Year-wise percentage of respondents
In response to the question
asked "In which of the year
from 2007 to 2013, did you
get benefits under NFSM
scheme", the beneficiaries
responses shown in the
graph. The graph depicts
year- wise responses of the
beneficiaries under the
Impact Assessment of the National Food Security Mission 2014
Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance and Policy Analysis 21
scheme. In year 2007-08 only 2 percent of the respondents benefitted from the
scheme, in the year 2008-09, the percent of the respondents increase to 5 percent,
in 2009-10 the percentage increase to 9 percent which drastically increase to 23
percent in the year 2010-11. In the year 2011-12 the percentage of respondents
increases to 46 percent. In the year 2012-13, 83 percent of the respondents derived
benefit under different components of the scheme.
3.9 Impact on Sown Area and Crop Production
The graph 3.9 shows the impact of the scheme on the crop production and sown
area in six sampled
districts. At the district
level, due to the inputs
under the scheme, the
sown area and the
production has
increased. The increase
in sown area ranges
from 15% to 27%,
whereas increase in
production ranges from
25% to 41%. In the crop-wise scenario, in Shahdol district production of rice
increase by 38 percent and sown area has been increase by 27 percent. In wheat,
production and sown area in Dhar district has been increase by 41 percent and 28
percent respectively, and in pulses production, production and sown area in
Harda district increased by 19 percent and 28 percent.
3.10 Effect on Income enhancement
Following graph shows the effect of scheme on the income of respondents. At the
state level 23 percent respondents accept that due to the scheme, there income
has increased upto 10 percent, 41 percent respondents accept that the income has
Impact Assessment of the National Food Security Mission 2014
Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance and Policy Analysis 22
23%
41%
30%
6%
0%0%5%
10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%
0-10% 11%-25% 26%-40% more than 40%
None
3.10 Effect on Incomeincrease by 10 to 25
percent, income of 30
percent respondents
increased by 25 to 40
percent. Amazingly income
of 6 percent has been
increased by more than 40
percent.
Impact Assessment of the National Food Security Mission 2014
Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance and Policy Analysis 23
CHAPTER IV
Findings and Recommendations
The findings of the study and the data gathered through PRA exercises and field visits
have explored many ‘positives’ and few areas ‘needing attention’. These have been
presented, here, in the form of recommendations, as follows;
Need for Scaling up the role of women
The study revealed that the role of women in agriculture under the scheme is limited
(15 percent). But women constitute about 50% of the manpower. The rural women are
very active in cultivation, dairy, fisheries, crop processing and other allied areas. Nearly
70% of Indian rural women are employed in agriculture and they are responsible for 60-
80 percent of food production. Through the PRA exercise, it is noticed that they are
always involved in labor and tolerance intensive works like transplantations and
weeding operations. most of the rural women should be considered as farmers but they
are ignored. In order to empower and improve the women farmer's productivity special
provision of training and capacity building of women should be made. Provision of
special reservation or subsidized benefits should be created for the women farmer's in
the scheme
Formation of SHG's
The study revealed that the participation of the marginal farmer's is very less (21
percent). The marginal holders are engaged in subsistence farming and grow low value
crops. They suffer from adoption of innovative technologies, inadequate access to
physical inputs and credit, disguised unemployment, food and nutritional security,
price risk and low income. They do not have easy access to institutional credit for
agricultural purposes. Bankers feel that these two categories of needy farmers are not
credit worthy and due to small size of holdings the credit risk is high. Inspite of the
provision of the subsidized rate in every component of the scheme, the participation of
the marginal farmer's is very low.
Impact Assessment of the National Food Security Mission 2014
Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance and Policy Analysis 24
Hence there is a need to create the provision of SHG's in the scheme, through the SHG's
the marginal farmer's could gain benefit under the scheme.
Farmer's field school and Demonstration
The study shows that the less than fifty percent farmers participated in the farmer's
field school and demonstration. In order to increase the participation in the farmer's
farm school and demonstration, provision of compulsory attendance should be made
under the scheme. Provision of monetary incentive can also be built under this
component.
Demonstration was only one component under NFSM which showed complete package
of practices from sowing to harvesting and farmers actually could see effect of
improved practices and inputs. Demonstrations should be planned out in a way that all
farmers should benefit from these. For this purpose, more number of demos should be
laid out per village to extend reach of new technology to maximum farmers.
Soil amelioration program
Though about 72% farmers got their soil tested but more than half of the farmers did
not get the report in time. Without soil testing report, they never knew about
requirement of micro-nutrients and/or gypsum and lime. More focus should be given
on timely soil testing and soil health cards should be given to each farmer beneficiary.
Mobile soil testing laboratory is a good concept could be implemented in the field.
Integrated Nutrient Management
Micronutrient deficiency in Indian soils has emerged as one of the major constraints to
crop productivity. Deficiency of micronutrients during the last three decades has grown
in both, magnitude and extent because of increased use of high analysis fertilizers, use
of high yielding crop varieties and increase in cropping intensity. This has become a
major constraint to production and productivity of rice, wheat and pulses. Study
reveals that only 31% of farmers availed micro nutrient facility under the scheme. this
issue need attention.
Impact Assessment of the National Food Security Mission 2014
Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance and Policy Analysis 25
Therefore, there is a need to conduct more training programs and demonstrations.
Insecticides and Pesticides
Protection of crops is one of the major components under the scheme. But small number
of farmers (30%) were availing benefit under this component. The study reveals that
because of shortage of supply and brand compulsion, farmers were not participating
under the scheme.
Farm mechanization
Farm mechanization has been helpful to bring about a significant improvement in
agricultural productivity. Thus, there is strong need for mechanization of agricultural
operations. On the basis of focus group discussion, it was find out that farmer took
highest interest in incentivized purchasing of farm equipments as they become their
assets. It was also observed that farmers got required implement on subsidy but never
trained to operate the same. Provision of formal training needs to be incorporated in
mission for farmers who have purchased the implement and wished to get trained.
NFSM crops production can be increased by two ways i.e. increase in area and increase
in production. Therefore, intercropping seed drill should be provided.
Other
I. MIS -: Management information system need to be strengthened for timely data
entry and report generation which could lead to better planning and
implementation of mission in succeeding years.
II. Simplification of procedure - Procedure should be simplified for poor farmers.
An online submission of the application on e-Kiosk/e-mitra may be adopted and
there after field staff could complete rest of the procedure.
Impact Assessment of the National Food Security Mission 2014
Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance and Policy Analysis 26
III. Area of expanse - Objective of the mission is to increase both area and
productivity of selected crops. Comparison made on both criteria with base year
of mission launch, shows very positive effect in last four years. Instead of
extending services of NFSM in large area, limited number of villages should be
selected with intensive and quality work along with proper monitoring.
IV. Awareness building - currently advertisements are given in both print and e-
media but in very limited numbers. Frequency of advertisements should be
increased in both media as well as local level awareness building program
should be launched with help of reputed NGOs of respective districts.
V. Literature - Climatic zone/ sub-zone wise customized literature for package of
practices of both crops should be distributed to farmers in enough quantity at
regional/ district level. Benefit of these literatures could be enjoyed by educated
person only and students are the most educated group available in villages.
These literatures should also be distributed in schools to students of class 9th to
12th who can read and transfer it to their parents in local dialects.
Impact Assessment of the National Food Security Mission 2014
Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance and Policy Analysis 27
Annexure
Tables
3.1 Gender Profile
S.no Districts Male Female
1 Raisen 83% 17%
2 Dhar 92% 8%
3 Dewas 86% 14%
4 Katni 83% 17%
5 Shahdol 84% 16%
6 Harda 82% 18%
State 85% 15%
3.2 Caste Category Distribution
S.no Districts S.C S.T OBC General
1 Raisen 14% 12% 50% 25%
2 Dhar 2% 96% 1% 2%
3 Dewas 16% 4% 15% 66%
4 Katni 19% 12% 51% 18%
5 Shahdol 4% 69% 16% 12%
6 Harda 53% 8% 23% 17%
State 18% 33% 26% 23%
3.3 Financial status
S.no Districts APL BPL
1 Raisen 73% 27%
2 Dhar 76% 24%
3 Dewas 67% 33%
4 Katni 83% 17%
5 Shahdol 49% 51%
6 Harda 54% 46%
State 67% 33%
Impact Assessment of the National Food Security Mission 2014
Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance and Policy Analysis 28
3.4 Educational status
S.no Districts illiterate Primary Middle school
High school
Higher secondary
Graduate
1 Raisen 11% 28% 28% 19% 11% 4%
2 Dhar 30% 34% 14% 10% 8% 4%
3 Dewas 8% 39% 23% 13% 12% 7%
4 Katni 5% 26% 35% 26% 8% 1%
5 Shahdol 28% 32% 18% 6% 11% 6%
6 Harda 16% 34% 23% 12% 11% 5%
State 16% 32% 23% 14% 10% 4%
3.5 Landholding Patterns
S.no Districts Marginal Small Medium Large
1 Raisen 19% 39% 28% 15%
2 Dhar 30% 55% 12% 4%
3 Dewas 21% 47% 28% 5%
4 Katni 19% 63% 12% 7%
5 Shahdol 14% 59% 24% 4%
6 Harda 21% 55% 19% 5%
State 21% 53% 20% 6%
3.6 Awareness of the scheme
S.no Districts Yes No
1 Raisen 97% 3%
2 Dhar 98% 2%
3 Dewas 100% 0%
4 Katni 96% 4%
5 Shahdol 100% 0%
6 Harda 99% 1%
State 98% 2%
3.6.1 Sources of awareness
S.no Districts Gram sewak Krishak Mitra Sarpanch
1 Raisen 91% 12% 8%
2 Dhar 99% 51% 10%
3 Dewas 89% 98% 1%
4 Katni 81% 49% 2%
5 Shahdol 92% 23% 0%
Impact Assessment of the National Food Security Mission 2014
Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance and Policy Analysis 29
6 Harda 98% 34% 10%
State 92% 44% 5%
3.7 Famer’s and NFSM Crops
S.no Districts Wheat Rice Pulses
1 Raisen 45% 0% 55%
2 Dhar 80% 0% 20%
3 Dewas 82% 0% 66%
4 Katni 96% 90% 81%
5 Shahdol 22% 64% 35%
6 Harda 68% 0% 78%
State 65% 26% 56%
3.8 Component-wise Analysis
3.8.1 Farm School and Demonstration
Product Districts Yes No
Rice Shahdol 65% 35%
Katni 8% 92%
Wheat Dewas 14% 86%
Dhar 51% 49%
Pulses Raisen 72% 28%
Harda 66% 34%
State 46% 54%
3.8.2 Support of Hybrid Seeds
Product Districts Yes No
Rice Shahdol 55% 45%
Katni 80% 20%
Wheat Dewas 14% 86%
Dhar 42% 58%
Pulses Raisen 82% 18%
Harda 71% 29%
State 57% 43%
Impact Assessment of the National Food Security Mission 2014
Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance and Policy Analysis 30
3.8.3 Support of Micro Nutrients
Product Districts Yes No
Rice Shahdol 38% 62%
Katni 42% 58%
Wheat Dewas 24% 76%
Dhar 28% 72%
Pulses Raisen 18% 82%
Harda 33% 67%
State 31% 69%
3.8.4 Application of Insecticide and Protective Chemicals
Product Districts Yes No
Rice Shahdol 34% 66%
Katni 46% 54%
Wheat Dewas 20% 80%
Dhar 30% 70%
Pulses Raisen 23% 77%
Harda 28% 72%
State 30% 70%
3.8.5 Capacity Building
Product Districts Yes No
Rice Shahdol 63% 37%
Katni 46% 54%
Wheat Dewas 39% 61%
Dhar 41% 59%
Pulses Raisen 32% 68%
Harda 68% 32%
State 48% 52%
3.8.6.1 Soil Testing
Product Districts Yes No
Rice Shahdol 53% 48%
Katni 78% 23%
Wheat Dewas 92% 9%
Dhar 85% 15%
Pulses Raisen 60% 40%
Harda 65% 35%
State 72% 28%
Impact Assessment of the National Food Security Mission 2014
Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance and Policy Analysis 31
3.8.6.2 Receipt of soil testing report within stipulated time frame
Product Districts Yes No
Rice Shahdol 49% 51%
Katni 42% 58%
Wheat Dewas 32% 68%
Dhar 40% 61%
Pulses Raisen 46% 54%
Harda 51% 49%
State 43% 57%
3.8.7 Farm Mechanization
Product Districts Yes No
Rice Shahdol 42% 58%
Katni 54% 46%
Wheat Dewas 40% 60%
Dhar 39% 61%
Pulses Raisen 38% 62%
Harda 36% 64%
State 42% 58%
3.8.8 Utilizing Hybrid Seeds
Product Districts Yes No
Rice Shahdol 93% 7%
Katni 97% 3%
Wheat Dewas 88% 12%
Dhar 87% 14%
Pulses Raisen 95% 6%
Harda 91% 10%
State 92% 8%
3.8.9 Year-wise percentage of respondents
Product Districts 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
Rice Shahdol 1% 8% 10% 29% 52% 84%
Katni 1% 13% 15% 39% 55% 90%
Wheat Dewas 3% 9% 8% 17% 34% 71%
Dhar 4% 2% 7% 12% 38% 80%
Pulses Raisen 4% 2% 8% 6% 44% 91%
Harda 2% 1% 6% 38% 51% 83%
Impact Assessment of the National Food Security Mission 2014
Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance and Policy Analysis 32
State 2% 5% 9% 23% 46% 83%
3.9 Impact on Sown Area and Crop Production
Product Districts Increase sown area Increase in Production
Rice Shahdol 27% 38%
Katni 21% 32%
Wheat Dewas 18% 26%
Dhar 28% 41%
Pulses Raisen 15% 25%
Harda 19% 28%
State 21% 36%
3.10 Effect on Income enhancement
Districts 0-10% 10%-25% 25%-40% more than 40% None
Shahdol 1% 22% 75% 3% 0%
Katni 0% 5% 69% 26% 1%
Dewas 99% 2% 0% 0% 0%
Dhar 11% 88% 2% 1% 0%
Raisen 13% 48% 31% 9% 0%
Harda 14% 81% 5% 0% 0%
State 23% 41% 30% 6% 0%