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CMPAK Week 48 Network Optimization
Update Report
Radio Frequency Planning and Optimization Field
Very interesting Highest paid jobs in Telecom Industry High Demand and Less Saturation White Choler job Common Concepts therefore No Hardware compatibility Issue
Continuous Learning Required Complex Logical Concepts High Responsibility Matrix
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
Module 1: Introduction to GSM Network Planning and Optimization
Module 2: Advanced Concepts in Network Planning and Optimization
Module 3: Network Planning and Optimization Tools
Duration: 1 days Duration: 1days Duration: 1 daysEligibility: None Eligibility: Module 1 Eligibility: Module 2 GSM Network Architecture Air Interface Channels Radio Interface structures Key Performance Indicator Basic Call Flows Basic Wireless Concepts GPRS and EDGGE Concepts
Call Flow Signaling Handover Signaling Flow Idle and Dedicated mode Behaviors Traffic Optimization cases Handover Algorithms Power Control Algorithms Key Performance Indicator Analysis
MapInfo basics Frequency planning tools Neighbor plan audit tools Site planning Coverage and capacity analysis tools Implications of Google Earth as tool
Module 4 : Network Analysis and Monitoring Tool Development
Module 5 : Drive Test workshop Module 6: Career Development
Duration: 1 days Duration: 1 days Duration: 1 daysEligibility: Module 3 Eligibility: Module 4 Eligibility: All modules Role of Database in Network planning
and Optimization Development of efficient database
system Network Monitoring tool
development Radio Interface Optimization tool
development
Drive test Basics Signaling flow analysis in drive
test(System Info) Parameter monitoring in Drive test Log File analysis and reporting Packet mode drive test Protocol Layer analysis in Drive test
Introduction to 3G Technology. CV Writing Skills. Interview Secrets. Tea Session with Telecom professionals. Career Opportunities. (Internships and Job
Opportunities) Visit to Telecom towers for practical
demonstrations.
Network Planning and Optimization Training Workshops
GSM BASIC STRUCTURE
MS BTS BSC MSC PSTN
FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access)
FDMATraffic channels are assigned to different users at different frequency band, such as TACS, AMPS
TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access)
TDMATraffic channels are assigned to different users at different time, such as GSM, DAMPS.
Wireless Multiple Access Methods
CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access)
CDMATraffic channels are assigned to users at same time, same frequency band, but with different code.
SITE SECTORIZATION
MICRO CELLS
Omnidirectional Antennas are usedUsed for indoor coverage like in Buildings
MACRO CELLS
Directional Antennas are usedUsed for overall coverage of the Network
R
Omni site
STSR65 °, three sectors
COVERAGE PATTERNS
Theoretical Planned Coverage Actual Coverage
FREQUENCY REUSE
Standard GSM has a total of 124 frequencies available for use in a network. Most network providers are unlikely to be able to use all of these frequencies and are generallyallocated a small subset of the 124.
4 Site/3 Cell
3 Site/3 Cell
FREQUENCY REUSE 4 Site/3 Cell
MS Modes
HANDOVER CONCEPT
RHO_in>RHO_out lead to Pingpong HO HO
Neighbor Planning
illogical Neighbor Plan Logical Neighbor Plan
What is Neighbor?
Tier 1 Neighbors (Immediate Neighbors)Tier 2 Neighbors (Not compulsory but they are added for precautions
Frequency Audit
Bad Neighbor Plan Efficient Neighbor Plan
What is Interference?
Co Channel InterferenceAdjacent Channel Interference
RADIO CHANNELS
CONTROL CHANNELS
Search for frequency correction burst Search for synchronization sequenceRead system information
Listen paging messageSend access burstWait for signaling channel allocation
Call setupAssign traffic channelConversationCall release
FCCHSCHBCCH
PCHRACHAGCH
SDCCHSDCCHTCHFACCH
RADIO CHANNELS
CALL FLOW
CALL FLOW – STEP1 RADIO LINK ESTABLISHMENT
T3113T3101
7 Sec3 Sec
CALL FLOW – SDCCH PHASE
CALL FLOW – TCH ASSIGNMENT
CALL FLOW – ALERTING / CNX PHASE
An Antenna is any device used to collect or radiate Electromagnetic Waves
ANTENNA
Type Frequency Range
GSM 900 890 - 960 MHzGSM 1800 1710 - 1880 MHz
890 - 960 MHz1710 - 1880 MHz
GSM Dual Band
120° (eg) Peak
Peak - 10dB
Peak - 10dB
10dB Beamwidth
60° (eg) Peak
Peak - 3dB
Peak - 3dB
3dB Beamwidth
ANTENNA BEAMWIDTH
Directional Antenna : 65°/90°/105°/120° Omni : 360°
Omni-directional Directional
ANTENNA Omni---Directional
It is achieved by physically tilting the antenna out of the perpendicular by using down tilt kit
PROS: Cost efficient and flexible CON: Has no effect on the side-
lobe characteristics of the antenna
MECHANICAL DOWNTILT
ELECTRICAL DOWNTILT
Electrical Downtilt can be fixed or adjustable Fixed is tuned by the manufacturer Adjustable allows adjustment in a certain
level on the rear of the antenna
Non Down tilt Electronic Downtilt Mechanical Downtilt
DOWNTILT COMPARISON
Environment BeamWidth Direction Down Tilt Environment Features
City 60-65 Directional antenna Fixed electrical tilt
down Densely deployed BTS , Small coverage areaHigh Traffic, Increase frequency reuse factor
Sub Urban 90°105° Directional antenna Mechanical tilt down Loosely deployed BTS light traffic,
large coverage
High Way 30° Directional antenna No Down Tilt
Low trafficFast moving subscribers
Focus on coverage.Strip coverage
Two sectorsOmni-cell when pass towns or tourist site
Mountainous Depends Upon Terrain
Omni or directional Depends Upon Terrain
Block by mountainsBig propagation loss
Difficult to cover
ANTENNA SELECTION
SYSTEM PERFORMANCE
ACCESSIBILITY RETAINABILITY QUALITY
CSSR
CALL DROP RATE (INCLUDE HO)
TCH ASSIGNMENT RATE
IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT RATE
CALL DROP RATE (EXCLUDE HO)
HO SUCCESS RATE
TCH CONGESTION
RX QUALITY UL
RX QUALITY DL
PSR
UL / DL BALANCE
NETWORK COVERAGE
SDCCH CONGESTION RATE
Statistical Data: KPI
Key Performance Index
Performance CountersTimersWorst Cells
Statistical Data: KPI FORMULAS
Slight degradation in GoS SDCCH due to fluctuations after
rain.
Traffic rise
EID Fitar2011: increase in traffic caused increase in Blocking EID AZHA 2011: increase
in traffic caused increase in Blocking
GoS KPIs are degraded due to increase in TCH Traffic after LBC Launch. Expansion is pending on Cell ID 14012,14016,14881 and
24006 in Faisalabad City
Statistical Data: KPI TREND SAMPLE
DCR was further degraded due to increase in “No of Call Drops due to Equipment failures and Abis drops, on 10 cells. Issue was resolved later
DCR was increased due to increase in hardware Issues and reversion of T305 and T308
DCR was decreased due to Implementation of trial for T305 and T308
Degradation in DCR was due to fluctuations in Faisalabad City after rain
EID 2011 –Increase in traffic caused increase in DCR.
Fluctuations and hardware issues caused increase in DCR.
Ramadan Traffic Increase & Monsoon (Fluctuations/Outages/Ducting) caused major increase in DCR
After reducing the TRXs Power to default value, improvement in all KPIs was observed due to decrease in interference. Total No of drops reduce but due to decrease in Ho attempts almost 8% of the total and DCR increased slight .
DCR degraded due to External Interference caused by Jammer installed in IGBE and PAF base. Increase in TCH Traffic has also caused degradation in DCR.
Statistical Data: KPI TREND SAMPLE
PRE Rx Level Sub Post Rx Level Sub
Drive Test
DT KPIsRx Level ((Idle /Dedicated mode)TA (dedicated Mode)Rx Quality(dedicated Mode)SQI (dedicated Mode)MOS (dedicated Mode)
Drive in Car with Testing Equipment
TemsDownlink OnlyReal time Network Performance PictureCustomer Complains
TEMS SNAPSHOT
BAND COMPARISON
GSM 900 Low Propagation Loss High Penetration Loss More Coverage, Less
Quality GSM 900 has less
channels Better in rural area where
a lot of area is required to be covered.
GSM 1800 High Propagation Loss Low Penetration Loss Less Coverage, More
Quality GSM 1800 can occupy more
users with in less range as compared to GSM 900.
Better in densely populated area like cities and urban environment.
Channel Type Supporting Services
CS 12.2K Voice
CS 64K Video Phone
PS 64K Email, Web
PS 384K Email, Web ,Video Streaming, Mobil TV
HSPA Best Effort service
SERVICE AND BEARER TYPES
GSM Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Carrier bandwidth 5MHz Soft capacity Soft handover and fast power control Self-interfering system, the key lying in interference control Cell respiration effect, avoiding mixed-BTS-distribution networking Usually uplink-limited coverage CS and high-speed PS services available
FDMA + TDMA Carrier bandwidth 200KHz Hard capacity No soft handover or fast power control Relatively easy interference control Mixed-BTS-distribution networking to boost capacity Cell radius determined by link budget of balanced uplink and downlink CS and low-speed PS services
GSMUMTS
Major differences between UMTS and GSM technologies and network planning
RF Tools & Automation:No process can survive for longer term is executed on manual basis. Large-scale projects require
automation of recursive and repetitive tasks and manually handling is highly discouraged.
Similar approach is adopted in ZTE and RF performance and auditing tools have been established to automate periodic tasks and reduce wastage of man power and hence in turn improve time and resource
efficiency.
Our Project is to develop an intelligent and integrated platform for monitoring and optimizing wireless Network performance
RF TOOLS AND AUTOMATION
TOOL DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT
Idea is to develop interface on C# and Database in SQL Server 2010. But we can change it if required.
1. Import KPI (Key Performance Data Index) of Multi Vendors e-g ZTE, Huawei, NSN……Export Network Level KPI Stats by merging Multi-Vendor data on different Levels a. Hourly KPIS b. Day Average KPIs with Customize Hours c. Static Busy Hour KPIs d. Bouncing Busy Hour KPIs 2. Graphical Display of KPIs on all Level at all possible time intervals.3. Worst Cell Calculation on customize time level at customize time Interval4. Site Info Database5. Import Parameter from Raw form6. Parameter Discrepancy Audits from Parameter Database7. Neighbor Relation Discrepancies8. Hardware Trouble Tickets Database9. Import Alarms Raw data and Generate useful User-friendly Report.10. Customized Alarm Reports11. Customized KPI Reports
FUNCTIONS