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IMO Tier III Compliance …. and beyond: Global Perspective 2nd CIMAC Circle on “MARPOL 2020 Compliance - Stakeholders Readiness” at Mumbai, 5 October 2019 Marc-Tran Heller, General Manager Asia Sales
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Marine Regulations NOx- & Sulfur Emission Regulations & Emission Control Areas
PROPRIETARY CIMAC CIRCLE, MUMBAI INDIA | MARC-TRAN HELLER | WOODWARD | 5 OCTOBER 2019
2
https://www.wilhelmsen.com/marine-products/oil-solutions/ 0,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Sulp
hu
r [%
]
Global ECA
2006
2005
2012
2014
Emission Control Areas
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
NO
x e
mis
sio
n le
vel
rela
tive
to
IMO
Tie
r 1
Tier 1 =100% Tier 2
Tier 3
https://www.yanmar.com/en_th/technology/technical_review/2018/0413_2.html
2016
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Marine Regulations Global Sulfur Emission Regulation
PROPRIETARY CIMAC CIRCLE, MUMBAI INDIA | MARC-TRAN HELLER | WOODWARD | 5 OCTOBER 2019
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0,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Sulp
hu
r [%
]
Global ECA
https://www.yanmar.com/en_th/technology/technical_review/2018/0413_2.html
From 2020 on only low sulfur fuels (<0.5%) allowed
Option 1
Retrofitting with scrubbers
Use of more expensive fuels (MGO/MDO/GTL/…)
Change to engines for alternative fuels (LNG/LPG)
Option 2
Option 3
4 | PROPRIETARY CIMAC CIRCLE, MUMBAI INDIA | MARC-TRAN HELLER | WOODWARD | 5 OCTOBER 2019
4
0
0,1
0,2
2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027
PM
[g/
kWh
]
EPA Tier 3
EPA Tier 4 Diesel, DF, Gas
Stage 2
EU Stage IIIA
EU Stage V
China
EU
USA
Stage 1 not regulated
PM-Filter
IMO PM, HC, CO not regulated
High Speed Engines
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027
PM
[g/
kWh
]
Medium Speed Engines
EPA Tier 4
EU Stage III=EPA Tier 2
China
EU
USA
Stage 1 = Stage 2
PM-Filter for HFO operated engines
IMO PM, HC, CO not regulated
not regulated
EU Stage V, Diesel & Gas
different limits for 2-stroke engines different limits for non-marine applications
Marine Regulations Particulate Matter Emission Regulation
5 | PROPRIETARY CIMAC CIRCLE, MUMBAI INDIA | MARC-TRAN HELLER | WOODWARD | 5 OCTOBER 2019
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Generally: Paris Agreement tightening emission
legislation
Marine: 2020 sulfur limit IMO-targets for CO2-reduction
Pathways for international shipping‘s CO2 emissions
LNG as marine fuel can help to massively reduce particulate and NOx-emissions and to lower greenhouse gas emissions
IMO-target for world fleet:
-50% compared to 2008
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Premise for IMO-target: GHG neutral ships (new-built) must be available from 2030s
Marine Agreement Green House Gas Reduction
6 | PROPRIETARY CIMAC CIRCLE, MUMBAI INDIA | MARC-TRAN HELLER | WOODWARD | 5 OCTOBER 2019
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HFO
OME/DME/GTL
LPG
Future 2030 2020 Today
… Business as usual
… Our Passion
H2 low demand for ICE transition to fuel cells
Methanol/Ethanol increasing Power-to-Fuel
LNG Nowadays increasing demand due to Global Warming Potential of CH4
LSHFO/MDO Due to Sulfur Cap Retrofitting with Scrubbers
NH3 Presuming good combustion process (e.g. no N2O-emissions)
Alternative Fuels Expected Fuel Developments
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Liquifaction of CH4 LNG
Reconversion to electricity
Fuel
- Methane
- Methanol
- DME, OME
- Diesel-like HC
- …
Synthesis
Electrolysis Hydrogen Power Supply
PROPRIETARY CIMAC CIRCLE, MUMBAI INDIA | MARC-TRAN HELLER | WOODWARD | 5 OCTOBER 2019
7
+ - O2 H2
e- H
2
O2
CO2
e.g. from:
Air or
Power Stations,
Steel Mill,
Biomass,
Breweries, ...
Water
e-
Power-to-X Principle
Defossilised
Marine Energy
& HFO-
Substitution by
LNG
Battery-backed
shore-side
electricity
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Marine Regulations Woodward L‘Orange (WLO) Solutions
PROPRIETARY CIMAC CIRCLE, MUMBAI INDIA | MARC-TRAN HELLER | WOODWARD | 5 OCTOBER 2019
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Conventional fuel rack actuated Diesel engine applications and high pressure Common Rail systems with SCR
Woodward L’Orange Common Rail Fuel System with LECM - complete system solution
Micro-pilot based DF strategies System offering comprised of Gas
admission valves (SOGAV), Diesel main and µPilot injectors (Woodward L’Orange Single needle DF injector support), electric Waste Gate and LECM advanced control
System offering comprised of Gas admission valves, LECM offering advanced control, ignition and electric waste gate
Medium pressure Gas Admission (SOGAV) and High Pressure Direct Gas Injection (WLO)
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Marine Regulations Woodward L‘Orange Diesel Solutions
PROPRIETARY CIMAC CIRCLE, MUMBAI INDIA | MARC-TRAN HELLER | WOODWARD | 5 OCTOBER 2019
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TECHNOLOGY MEETS INNOVATION: COMMON-RAIL SOLUTIONS Highest precision guarantees lowest emissions Robust design to reach highest lifetime expectations Customised to every application‘s unique requirements Made for remanufacturing to save costs
and protect the environment
10 | PROPRIETARY CIMAC CIRCLE, MUMBAI INDIA | MARC-TRAN HELLER | WOODWARD | 5 OCTOBER 2019
1
0
Load recorder A load recorder allows to analyze life restricting parameters (number of injections, pressure,…) This is a base for condition monitoring: condition based service target-oriented REMAN
Data collection capabilities and communication devices open the door to even more advanced features …
Drift-compensation A sensor inside the injector allows to analyze the injection behavior. This is a base for electronic drift compensation: improved fuel consumption/emissions condition monitoring engine protection
Marine Regulations Woodward L‘Orange Intelligent Injector Mk I
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Marine Regulations Woodward L‘Orange Dual Fuel Solutions
PROPRIETARY CIMAC CIRCLE, MUMBAI INDIA | MARC-TRAN HELLER | WOODWARD | 5 OCTOBER 2019
1
1
SYST
EM
CO
MB
UST
ION
P
RO
CES
S IG
NIT
ION
Single Port Injection Multi Port Injection High Pressure Injection
TC TC TC
homogeneous homogeneous inhomogeneous
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝐦𝐛𝐚𝐫 𝟖 𝐛𝐚𝐫 ≫ 𝟏𝟎 𝐛𝐚𝐫
homogeneous
Manifold
Spark Plug (Small Engines)
Pre-combustion Chamber with Spark Plug (Large Engines)
Diesel Pilot
HPGI high pressure gas direct injection Pre-chamber
Diesel Pilot
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Marine Regulations Woodward L‘Orange Dual Fuel Solutions
PROPRIETARY CIMAC CIRCLE, MUMBAI INDIA | MARC-TRAN HELLER | WOODWARD | 5 OCTOBER 2019
1
2
THE FUTURE IS MULTIFUNCTIONAL: DUAL-FUEL SYSTEMS Gas and dual-fuel operation ranks as one of the most innovative
technologies for a more flexible, more efficient and lower-emission use of large engines (lower NOx / IMO tier 3).
Dual-fuel systems are used in mobile application fields, such as LNG carriers, or in power plants with fluctuating gas supply.
As required, the applications can be operated with gas for reduced emissions as well as with liquid fuel. This ensures a lower “carbon footprint” with less CO2 emissions and less greenhouse gas.
13 | PROPRIETARY CIMAC CIRCLE, MUMBAI INDIA | MARC-TRAN HELLER | WOODWARD | 5 OCTOBER 2019
1
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- one hydraulic circuit - one high pressure pump - one centric single needle injector + Electronic closed loop control
Single Nozzle Dual Fuel
Marine Regulations Woodward L‘Orange Diesel Main & Pilot Injector (TWIN or Single Nozzle)
LFO HFO
Double Nozzle DUAL FUEL (TWIN)
Two circuits Divers pumps
Single Nozzle DUAL FUEL
LFO HFO
Pilot AND Main CR
Single Nozzle
One injector with one single nozzle based on well-known/approved injectors (High speed and medium speed applications)
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Woodward L‘Orange High Pressure Dual Fuel Injector Combustion concept
PROPRIETARY CIMAC CIRCLE, MUMBAI INDIA | MARC-TRAN HELLER | WOODWARD | 5 OCTOBER 2019
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Diesel Quenching Scavenging Gaps Virtually complete combustion
Low Pressure-Gas High Pressure-Gas
Gas
No Methane slip with high pressure direct injection
Power density and efficiency like a diesel engine
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Woodward L‘Orange High Pressure Dual Fuel Injector Motivation: HPDF as a solution to lower GHG emissions
PROPRIETARY CIMAC CIRCLE, MUMBAI INDIA | MARC-TRAN HELLER | WOODWARD | 5 OCTOBER 2019
1
5
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Diesel engine Otto gas engine HPGI-high pressure gasdirect injection
CO
2 (
eq
uiv
ale
nt)
[g/
kWh
]
CO2 from combustion CO2 equivalent from methane slip
assumption: identical efficiency
Bonus from C-H ratio appr. 22%
Malus from Methane-slip appr. 5g CH4/kWh
Prevention of Methane-slip
IMO fleet Target 2050*
* schematic
GWP100 for CH4= 28 (time horizon 100 years)
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Woodward L‘Orange High Pressure Dual Fuel Injector Injector design – development targets
PROPRIETARY CIMAC CIRCLE, MUMBAI INDIA | MARC-TRAN HELLER | WOODWARD | 5 OCTOBER 2019
1
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Baseline: GD-injectors for Wärtsilä
Targets for new injector
Engine size (bore) > 320 mm 170 mm
Nozzle tip diameter 38 mm 25 mm
Gas pressure 350 bar 500 bar
Diesel technology 1400 bar PLN 2200 bar CR
Control oil / Sealing oil Engine oil Diesel
100 % Diesel Backup operation Yes Yes
Additional specifications for research prototypes
- Independent pressure levels for all fluids
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Woodward L‘Orange High Pressure Dual Fuel Injector Injector design – Multi-needle Concept
PROPRIETARY CIMAC CIRCLE, MUMBAI INDIA | MARC-TRAN HELLER | WOODWARD | 5 OCTOBER 2019
1
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HP-gas 500 bar
Base: LNG
Control fluid and gas sealing fluid
(MDO)
CR-System (MDO) Pilot- + Main Injection
2200 bar Injection quantity:
0,5 -100%
3 needles for gas 1 CR needle for MDO
Control valve for gas-needle activation
CR-Accu (MDO)
- GD-ENGINE - Zero methane slip
@ Diesel-like performance
18 |
Low caloric liquid fuel: Methanol @600bar
Woodward L‘Orange High Pressure Dual Fuel Injector Injector design – Multi-needle Concept
PROPRIETARY CIMAC CIRCLE, MUMBAI INDIA | MARC-TRAN HELLER | WOODWARD | 5 OCTOBER 2019
1
8
Control fluid and gas sealing fluid
(MDO)
CR-System (MDO) Pilot- + Main Injection
2200 bar Injection quantity:
0,5 -100%
3 needles for gas 1 CR needle for MDO
Control valve for gas-needle activation
CR-Accu (MDO)
- OTTO-FUELS - Use of E-Fuels
@ Diesel-like performance
Power-to-X !
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Marine Regulations Woodward Gas Admission Solutions
PROPRIETARY CIMAC CIRCLE, MUMBAI INDIA | MARC-TRAN HELLER | WOODWARD | 5 OCTOBER 2019
1
9
GAS ADMISSION SOLUTIONS The performance and characteristics of a gas and dual-fuel internal
combustion engine are significantly influenced by Gas Admission Valves (SOGAV).
The SOGAV valves are a family of electrically-actuated, high-response gas admission valves for in-manifold (port) fuel admission. They are used on f4cycle, turbocharged, natural gas or dual-fuel engines. One SOGAV valve is required for each cylinder.
The SOGAV valve is designed as the valve portion of an overall gaseous fuel admission system delivering precise gas mass flow metering per cylinder. This enables gas engines and dual-fuel engines to operate lean burn, increased efficiency & reduced emissions.
SOGAVs are available with IGF code to meet marine compliance
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Marine Regulations Woodward LECM Solutions
PROPRIETARY CIMAC CIRCLE, MUMBAI INDIA | MARC-TRAN HELLER | WOODWARD | 5 OCTOBER 2019
2
0
COMPLETE, SINGLE-UNIT ENGINE CONTROL: LECM The LECM provides an open and modular platform that can be built
up with interlocking modules into a single engine-mountable assembly. This control scheme uses a modular approach for both the electronic control modules hardware and software. These modules can be mixed and matched to address different applications all using the same software interface. This single-module approach lowers hardware, wiring and troubleshooting costs, while reducing development and installation time.
The features and benefits: Speed & load control, Air / fuel ratio control, Air, gas, exhaust flow control, Ignition & injector control, Misfire & knock detection, ROHS and marine-listed, Multiple CPUs
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Marine Regulations Woodward LECM Solutions
PROPRIETARY CIMAC CIRCLE, MUMBAI INDIA | MARC-TRAN HELLER | WOODWARD | 5 OCTOBER 2019
2
1
Combines all the engine controls functions in one
Modular hardware– stacked or stand alone
Standard products & application software available for turn key solutions of Gas, Diesel or Dual Fuel.
Supports connectivity through Ethernet, real time data logging, analytics, diagnostics and prognostics
LECM software tools allows OEMs to build their IP on top of standard applications or port proprietary software on a open platform
EID BOARD MAIN BOARD AUX BOARD
2 Stack (MAIN + EID) 2 STACK (MAIN + AUX)
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ALWAYS INNOVATING FOR A BETTER FUTURE
CIMAC CIRCLE, MUMBAI INDIA | MARC-TRAN HELLER | WOODWARD | 5 OCTOBER 2019
2
2
PROPRIETARY
Marc-Tran Heller General Manager Asia Sales Mobile: +86 (0) 18551101508 E-Mail: [email protected]