IMO IN 2007 - UHasselt3 IMO in 2007 Dear reader, At the Institute for Material Research (IMO) and IMEC’s division IMOMEC , multi-disciplinary research is conducted into “new materials”

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IMO IN 2007

Preface 03

Policy and strategy 04

Research 06

Education 21

Scientifi c output 22

Patents 34

Activities organized in 2007 35

Content

33IMO in 2007

Dear reader,

At the Institute for Material Research (IMO) and IMEC’s division IMOMEC , multi-disciplinary research is conducted into “new materials”. More than 90 research-ers focus on material systems to be used in micro-electronics, bio-electronics, nanotechnology, etc. For IMO-IMOMEC, 2007 was a year in which important steps were taken in the development of the research. Hans-Gerd Boyen was appointed professor and obtained Odysseus fi nancing of the FWO with the project “New Pathways towards Molecular Electronics”. This makes it possible to accelerate the development of the expertise in molecular electronics. As a result of the approval of SBO’s “Polyspec” project, basic research in the fi eld of plastic electronics can also be continued.

At IMO-IMOMEC, around 50 doctoral students are working on their theses. Several of them have won scientifi c prizes at international conferences. Last year 11 of them successfully defended their doctorate theses.

You can read more on the executed research projects and doctoral theses in this annual report. Thank you for your interest in our activities.

Professor Harry Martens

P R E F A C E

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Policy and strategy

Overview co-workers

Professors and guest professors Prof. dr. Jos Put, Prof. dr. Jan Gelan, Prof. dr. Dirk Vanderzande, Prof. dr. Thomas Cleij, Prof. dr. Jules Mullens, Prof. dr. Marlies Van Bael, Prof. dr. Hans-Gerd Boyen (vanaf 15/02/2007), Prof. dr. Ward De Ceuninck (IMOMEC), Prof. dr. Marc D’Olieslaeger (IMOMEC), Prof. dr. Harry Martens, Prof. dr. Jean Manca, Prof. dr. Patrick Wagner, Prof. dr. Peter Adriaensens, Prof. dr. Robert Carleer, Prof. dr. Jan Yperman, Prof.dr. Milos Nesladek

senior researchers, postdocs, researchers and visiting scientistsdr. Laurence Lutsen (IMOMEC), dr. Wibren Oosterbaan, dr. Liesbeth Storme, dr. Juliette Moreau (IMOMEC), dr. Heidi Van den Rul (IMOMEC), dr. Kristof Van Werde (tot 31.8.2007), dr. An Hardy, dr. Jan D’Haen, dr. Olivier Douhéret (tot 31/10/2007), dr. Abay Gadisa Dinku (IMOMEC), Ir. Geert Lekens (IMOMEC), dr. Ken Haenen, dr. Vincent Mortet, Bart Ruttens (IMOMEC), dr. Oliver Williams, Guy Reggers, Elsy Thijssen, Tom Cornelissen

junior researchers (Ph. D. students and assistants)Nadia Lepot, Zarina Olomi, Kristof Colladet, Roel Dams, Arne Palmaerts, Jimmy Wouters, Joke Vandenbergh, Fateme Banishoe-ib, Jan Duchateau, Hanne Diliën, Frederik Horemans, Bert Campo, Wouter Janssens, Lidia Marin (IMOMEC), Sofi e Fourier, Mar-joleine Drieskens, Jorge Beusen, Ilse Haeldermans (i.s.m. Organische Scheikunde), Ken Elen, Alexander Riskin, Christopher De Dobbelaere, Daan Dewulf, Linny Baeten, Stan Claes, Ine Truijen, Boumédiene BenMoussa (vanaf 16/03/2007), Sabine Bertho (i.s.m. Organische Scheikunde), Leen Biesemans (vrijwillig wetenschappelijk medewerker), dr. Nathalie Bijnens, Anna Bogdan (tot 31/12/2007), Ir. Jean-Christophe Bolsee (IMOMEC), Evi Bongaers, Martin Breselge (tot 30/09/2007), Pieter Christiaens (tot 31/08/2007), Peter Cooreman, Michaël Daenen, Wim Deferme, Lars Grieten (vanaf 01/10/2007) (IMOMEC), , Stoffel Janssens (vanaf 01/10/2007), Andrada Lazea (IMOMEC), Rob Moonen, Wouter Moons, Ann Swinnen (tot 30/09/2007), Ronald Thoelen, Gregory Van Barel (i.s.m. IMEC Leuven), Koen Vandewal, Kris Vanstreels (tot 30/09/2007), Rob Vansweevelt (vanaf 01/02/2007), Sylvia Wenmackers, Caroline Lievens, Stefan Marinov, Zongjing Bai, Leniya-Nezael Gonsalvesh, Mark Stals, Niels Postelmans, Palina Tsytsik, Koen Smets, Eva Pokorna, Lien Breban

Administrative and technical personnel Ing. Veerle Vrindts (IMOMEC), Iris Duyssens (IMOMEC), Ing. Huguette Penxten, Ing. Erwin Crauwels (IMOMEC), Johnny Baccus, Marina Boussé, Lieven De Winter (IMOMEC), Relinde Heymans (IMOMEC), Ing. Jan Mertens (IMOMEC), Hilde Pel-laers, Dany Polus, Ing. Erik Thoonen (IMOMEC), Lea Verboven, Christel Willems, Linda Boelanders, Jan Czech, Greet Cuy-vers, Yvo Feytongs, Jenny Put, Martine Vanhamel

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IMO Policy and strategy 2007

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Strategic plan / mission

IMO-IMOMEC conducts scientifi c research that anticipates industrial needs by 3 to 10 years in the fi eld of materials for micro-electronics, opto-electronics, bio-electronics, and nanotechnology.

The bulk of the research is in a number of primary research areas: plastic electronics, materials with a wide bandgap, metal-oxide nano-materials, biosensors, and molecular electronics and nanophysics. To carry out this mission, a combination of fundamental and applied research is imperative.

IMO-IMOMEC also performs service assignments for regional enterprises and all of Flanders, for which the entire scientifi c equipment park can be used.

Professors, assistants and doctoral students are also involved in education at Hasselt University, both at the Faculties of Sci-ences, Medicine, and Applied Economic Sciences and at the SIT and SLS schools of the Transnational University of Limburg (TUL).

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Organic and Polymer Chemistry

The main research activities of the research group are developing new polymer materials for essentially two applications: organic solar cells and biosensors. Research into the former has been made possible by funds from the SBO-IWT programmes “Nanosolar” and “PolySpec”, the EU project “SolarNType”, and IWT and FWO specialisation grants for doctoral students. To an important degree, the work on biosensors is supported by funds from TUL’s impetus fi nancing.

Developing organic materials with special optical and electrical properties for higher applications requires bringing together several product characteristics into a single material system. For example, for a solar cell, one needs both material that can act as an electron donor and material that can function as electron acceptor. Typically, a fullerene derivate based on C60 is used for the electron acceptor (also called an n-type semiconductor). The structure of this molecule resembles that of a football and, as the latter, consists of a collection of six and fi ve membered rings. An important objective, which is emphasized in the research, is to replace this material with a polymer molecule with acceptor properties. To this end, a substructure of C60 is built into a polymer structure (see illustration). With regard to this material, it was recently demonstrated that this really acted as n-type material.

In the same context, materials are being developed which lead to strongly stabilized solar cells. Current or-ganic solar cells have a limited lifespan of around 1,000 hours. In due time, this has to be increased by a fac-tor of 100. By using conjugated polymers with a high glass-transition temperature, a fi rst step was taken in this direction.

IMO Research 2007

Research

Caption: Substructure of C60 = fl uoranthene built into a conjugated polymer

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Organic and Nanostructured Electronic Material (ONE)

From bucky balls to electrical nanowires and fl exible solar cells

“Towards a sustainable and intelligent future”, the vision for the future of the ONE research group, aims to bring together sustainable development, nanotechnology, and intelligent ambient. Interesting materials which are studied with this are the so-called organic electronic materials and nanostructured semiconductor materials. Organic electronic materials are materi-als based on carbon compounds (for example, conjugated polymers, C60 = bucky ball = nano-football consisting of 60 carbon atoms, etc.).In daily life, polymers are experienced as electrical isolators. However, conjugated polymers are indeed capable of conducting electrical currents and are called conducting polymers. The discoverers of this class of material, Alan Heeger, Alan MacDiarmid, and Hideki Shirakawa, were awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry (2000).Nanostructured electrical materials are new materials with sizes from a few to hundreds of nanometres (1 nanometre = 10-9 metres). The objective is to affect and understand the structure and electro-optical properties. These materials are of strategic importance to innovations in scores of fi elds, from micro-electronics to energy-conversion technology.The interdisciplinary research activities at the IMO on organic and nano-structured electronics are being conducted to gain new insight into these classes of materials and the development of a new generation of intelligent and sustainable electro-optical applications (for example, electrical nanowires, energy-effi cient lighting [OLEDs], fl exible solar cells, transistors, sensors and biosensors, etc.).Nanostructuring from semiconducting conjugated polymers to nanofi bres (diameter: 30 to 50 nm) is a very recent development with a view to new-generation, organic, and electro-optical semiconductor applications. In the fi eld of molecular electronics, one of the visions for the future is the use of molecular fi bre wires as electrical compounds.OLEDs, organic light-emitting diodes using thin plastic fi lm, are very energy-effi cient and can be produced cheaply and sus-tainably. Unlike conventional light sources, OLEDs can be made into fl at, or even fl exible, thin sheets, which offer completely new design possibilities for lighting, advertising, and traffi c-sign applications: light tiles with adjustable colours, transparent light fi lm, luminous wallpaper and clothing, etc.At IMO, research is being conducted into two innovative classes of solar cells: the class of “plastic” or organic solar cells and the class of hybrid nanostructured solar cells. These innovative solar-cell plans have the potential to be applied to large surfaces through low cost production techniques such as fi lm casting and screen printing. Moreover, plastic solar cells have the additional advantage of mechanical fl exibility. In addition to the more typical applications, such fl exible solar cell fi lms could be used to more exotic ends such as solar cell coats to charge mobile phones or energy-supplying canvases.

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Wide band-gap materials

DRIVE—Diamond Research on Interfaces for Versatile Electronics, Marie Curie Research Training Network of the Sixth European Framework Programme

The research in DRIVE focuses on the study of polycrystalline P-doped CVD diamond. Using modifi ed deposition conditions in comparison with the growth of single crystal-line layers, it was possible to incorporate phosphorus into a microcrystalline diamond fi lm. This was successfully confi rmed using cathodoluminescence (CL) experiments con-ducted in collaboration with the Friedrich-Alexander University in Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany.

Photo right: SEM photo of a P-doped microcrystalline CVD diamond fi lm

FWO project G.0068.07: “Growth, Characterization, and Simulation of Nanocrystalline and Ultrananocrystalline PE-CVD Diamond Films”

The nucleation mechanism of nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) on silicon substrates was studied in collaboration with the EMAT laboratory of the University of Antwerp. In this research, thin TiO2 layers were deposited on Si substrates which in some cases had already been treated with a stable colloidal dispersion with diamond powder of 5 nm. The TiO2 layers were formed by spin coating the substrates with a sol-gel precursor solution. As a result, TiO2 was formed through several heat treatments. After being exposed to normal NCD plasma conditions, samples which had been treated in various ways were compared. At EMAT, the grown NCD fi lms and boundary layers were studied with TEM and EELS.

Photo above: NCD fi lm on Si

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FWO project G.0430.07: “Superconductivity in Diamond Films: Doping effects Induced by Chemical Substitution and Electrical Gate Field”

This is a running project, both in the BIOS group and at WBGM in collaboration with KUL-INPAC. It has been known for several years that B-appropriated diamond has superconductivity properties when the concentration of charged carriers exceeds a certain value. The fi rst measurements show that the fi lms combine various variable range-hopping regimes at temperatures just above the superconductivity transition temperature. The effect of the magnetic fi eld was also verifi ed. The effect of a lower methane concentration and the fi lm thickness, both with constant B-appropriation, is being verifi ed.

BOF project: “Growth and Characterization of BN Layers”

In the fi rst phase of the project, a device for the deposition of boron nitride was completed with special attention to the substrate table and the shutter that is used during the deposition of BN layers. The fi rst experiments were conducted using a BN-target, in combination with argon as an inert process gas. A pure B-target was also used and nitrogen gas was added during the process of depositing BN. The fi lms were characterized using SEM and FTIR.

IAP project: “Quantum Effects in Clusters and Nano-Wires”

In this project, attempts were made to achieve very high nucleation densities of diamond particles on an Si-substrate by using an appropriate preliminary treatment. High nucleation density is required to obtain a very thin nanocrystalline diamond layer, the thickness of which can be limited to less than 100 nanometres. This also limits the size of the diamond granules. Further manipulation of the diamond seeds will be used in a later phase of the project to form small diamond clusters. The Si-wafers were pre-treated with a stable colloidal dispersion that contains diamond powder 5 nm in size. This took place in collaboration with professor E. Osawa of the NanoCarbon Research Institute Ltd. in Chiba, Japan. As a result, the current nucleation density improved from 1010 cm-2 to ≥ 1011 cm-2.

Photo above: AFM image of 200 x 200 µm² of an Si substrate treated with colloidal dispersion of diamond powder 5 nm in size

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IWT-SBO project: “CVD diamond: A Novel Multifunctional Material for Opto-electronics, High-power High-frequency Electronics, and Bioelectronics”

In the past year, much attention was paid to devices, including the manufacturing of a so-called thickness shear mode resona-tor. The operating principle of the microbalance, composed of piezoelectric material, is based on the shifting of its resonance frequency as a result of mass loading at the surface. To reach this target, a piezoelectric was chosen which remains stable at the deposition temperatures used for depositing nano-crystalline diamond (NCD), e.g., langasite. A carbide-forming interme-diate layer (i.e., tungsten) made it possible to deposit a thin NCD layer on langasite. Measurements of the phase response showed that the device displays a clear resonance frequency, in spite of the deposition temperature of 700°C.

Photo above: diamond-based thickness shear mode resonator

BIL project (Czech Republic): “CVD Diamond: A New Multifunctional Material for Electronics and Bioelectronics”

In the second and fi nal year of this collaboration with the Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, the emphasis was on an increase of the nucleation density for growing thin nanocrystalline diamond layers on various substrates. The objec-tive is to make thin membranes for diamond-based acoustic wave devices. The acoustic waves are induced by a thin piezoelec-tric layer which is deposited on the diamond. While in Prague, a fundamental defect study was conducted of the membranes and NCD layers using sensitive spectroscopic techniques. IMO was focussed mainly on making devices, for example bimorph cantilevers and fl exural wave plate sensors. The collaboration also included the characterization of thin B-appropriated ho-moepitaxial diamond fi lms which were grown at the IMO. These layers showed a very high value for the hole mobility.

Photo above: free two-inch wafer of more than 1 mm, consisting entirely of micro-crystalline CVD diamond

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NATO Collaborative Linkage Grant: “Electronic Properties of Nano-carbons for Gas Explosives Detection”

This starting project is a bilateral collaboration between the IMO and the Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute in Saint Petersburg, Russia. The objective is to study the suitability of ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) and carbon onions (CO) produced by detonation synthesis for use in gas sensors. The effects of gas absorption on the optical and electronic properties of the UNCD and CO fi lms deposited on Si substrates will be examined.

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Inorganic and Physical Chemistry

The main activity of the research group of inorganic and physical chemistry includes the study of ecological solution-based methods for the preparation of highly technological (multi-) metal-oxides.

A water-based sol-gel method is being developed and successfully optimized for the preparation of ferroelectric, piezoelectric, conducting, and dielec-tric metal-oxide powders and thin fi lms which are of strategic importance for future developments in elec-tronics. In addition, the research group is developing research activities to manufacture and make usable metal-oxide nano-materials: porous nano-crystalline TiO2 fi lms for hybrid photovoltaic cells, and metal-oxide nano-parts with a well-defi ned morphology for integrating into and optimizing packaging ma-terial (in collaboration with the Packing Centre of the XIOS University College Limburg). There are also more fundamental challenges of nano-science, such as research into the manufacture of very thin uniform and, on a nano-scale, self-modelling thin oxide fi lms and ordered one-dimensional ZnO and TiO2 nano-structures.

In the research described, the chemical synthesis aspects and chemical-structural characterization of start products, inter-mediate products, and end products are of especial importance. Through interdisciplinary collaboration at the IMO and IMEC and with external partners, these properties are interrelated with the morphological properties, the electrical properties, the electro-optical properties, and other properties of the material systems as they should be applied.

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The group has state-of-the-art techniques to characterize the intermediate and end products. Techniques routinely used are thermo-gravimetrics (TGA), whether linked to or disconnected from mass- (TGA-MS) and infrared-spectrometry (TGA-FTIR) to identify functional groups and disentangle the mechanisms of the disintegration from precursor to end product. High-temperature diffuse refl ection FTIR (HT-DRIFT) provides comple-mentary information on the chemical structure of the disintegrating precursor, whereas with high-temperature XRD (HT-XRD), the creation of crystalline oxide phases can be followed up in situ. Other often-used FTIR based techniques are transmission FTIR, (G) ATR ([grazing angle] attenuated total refl ection) and absorption-refl ection FTIR (for thin layers).

Nano-parts are also characterized using zeta-potential measurements and particle-size-distribution analysis through dynamic light scattering (DLS of PCS). Techniques for crystallographic and morphological characterization are XRD, X-ray refl ectometry (XRR), AFM, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), en-ergy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), cryo- and cross-sectional TEM, which are all avail-able at the Institute for Material Research.

Through participation in projects and networks, less conventional techniques such as EXAFS (extended X-ray absorption fi ne structure) and neutron diffraction are also used.

uhasselt.be IMO Research 2007

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Biosensors

Last year, the BIOSensors research group made great progress in four fi elds: (1) MIP-based sensors for the detection of small molecules, (2) ellipsometric study of molecular “DNA-brushes” on diamonds, (3) electronic detection of point mutations, and (4) diamond-based, potentiometric sensors. The results of these parts have been published or accepted for publication in the journals ‘Langmuir’ and ‘Biosensors and Bioelectronics’.

MIP-based sensors

MIPs (molecularly imprinted polymers) are synthetic receptors based on molecular cavities in Plexiglas, etc. They can be used to detect molecules for which there are no specifi c antibodies of natural origin. MIPs were synthesized against nico-tine, caffeine, and histamine, and their specifi c binding properties for these target molecules were quantifi ed using optical spectroscopy, also compared to structurally related reference molecules. By integrating nicotine MIPs into an electronic sensor set-up, detection limits were achieved which are even lower than the physiologically relevant concentrations.

Structure of DNA, covalently attached to synthetic diamond

The “fatty acid and EDC” method for the covalent bond of single- and double-stranded DNA-fragments was further optimized with a view to high binding capacity. It was also verifi ed in which geometric confi guration the im-mobilized fragments are present on diamonds, for this plays a key role in the availability of the immobilized single-stranded DNA for hybridization with (whether or not complementary) single-stranded fragments from a solution. Using ultraviolet ellipsometry (at the BESSY II synchrotron in Berlin), tilt angles of (on average) around 45° were found, compared to the surface plane. Optical excitations in the DNA bases were used for this with spa-tial preferential directions for the absorption of polarized ultraviolet light.

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Electronic detection of point mutations

Diamond layers functionalized with single-stranded DNA were also used as electrodes in an electro-chemical sensor cell. During the hybridization with complementary DNA, clear changes in resistance (impedance) could be observed, whereas the sensor is insensitive to the addition of non-complementary fragments. Fragments with point mutations could also be identifi ed in this electronic manner; point mutations are responsible for numerous disorders, but they are particularly diffi cult to trace as “smallest possible” genetic defect. There is no doubt that this is a breakthrough, and the required sensitivity was achieved by carrying out the measurements under the “biologically correct” hybridization conditions of buffer solutions and temperatures. Supplemental information on the stability of DNA complexes was obtained from elec-tronic, real-time denaturation experiments. The effects observed are presumably based on the negative charge of DNA which exerts an electric fi eld effect on the semiconducting diamond surfaces.

Diamond-based, potentiometric sensors

The technique, used for the detection of point mutations, was also used in modifi ed form in “concap” (constant capacitance) sensors which are especially sensitive for the pH value of fl uids. In collaboration with the Aachen University of Applied Sciences and Research Centre in Jülich, Germany, the already developed diamond pH sensor was fur-ther optimized and a surface coating of enzyme penicillinase was added to the sensor. The penicillin sensor successfully weathered the proof-of-principle, even if sensitivity still needs to be increased to detect medically relevant concentrations. The concept is promising and opens the door to enzymatic sensors, a fi eld in which the research group had not previously been active.

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Nano-physics

A fi rst step upon arriving at Hasselt University in April 2007 was the construction of equipment in order to allow the preparation and characterization of metal nanoparticles on surfaces. As a primary step, diblock-copolymer-based micelles are formed in solution with a hydrophobic outer shell and a hydrophilic in-ner core, the latter being capable of binding defi ned amounts of a metal salt thus representing a nanoreactor. After transfer of the micellar structures onto a fl at substrate by dip-coat-ing, the polymer is removed by means of isotropic plasmas. In this way, arrays of metal nanoparticles (elemental or alloy) can be prepared on various substrates exhibiting a high degree of hexagonal order. By adjusting corresponding experimental parameters, the size of the fi nal dots as well as their interpar-ticle spacing can easily be varied and controlled over a broard range of values (size: 1-10nm, spacing: 20-150nm). To assess the purity of these nanostructures, their chemical condition and surface cleanliness (both essential for further experiments) are measured using in-situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Such a system has been constructed and optimized for the in-situ transfer of samples between the plasma system and the XPS system. Both major parts (analysis chamber, plasma cham-ber) are operational now. As a result, in the near future, it will be possible to study the size-dependent physical and chemical properties of various nanostructures.

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In 2007, another important part of our activities was devoted to establish new pathways towards molecular electronics (Odysseus project). In this project, metal-molecule-metal junctions were prepared using a recently developed electrochemical technique which allows for the deposition (with atomic precision) of metal overlayers on top of self-assembled organic monolay-ers (SAMs). The electronic properties of such devices were studied in collaboration with the University of Basel using various pho-toemission techniques (XPS, UPS). The con-sequences of chemical interactions at the metal-molecule interfaces and in particular the modifi cations in the metal electrodes under the infl uence of the organic molecules were examined.

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Electrical and physical characterisation

APHRODITE (Automotive Products for High Temperature Requirements Offered by Device Innovation and Technology Enhancements)

As more and more electronic components are used at high operating temperatures (>175°C) in the automobile sector, un-derstanding and modelling the degradation (penetration) of the gate oxide in these smart-power components is of great im-portance. In the APHRODITE project, TDDB (time dependent dielectric breakdown) tests were carried out at which gate oxide capacitors (thickness: 7.2 nm) were exposed to various electrical fi elds (8.3 to 13.2 MV/cm) at high temperatures (160°C to 240°C) and the failure times (time-to-breakdown) were determined. It was proven that, at these high temperatures, the failure times can be fi tted using a 1/Eox model, at which the activation energy is linearly dependent on the applied electrical fi eld (Eox) across the oxide. With this knowledge, it is possible to generate better predictions of the lifespan.

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Synthesis and characterization of submicron metal-oxide coatings

The objective of this project is to measure the electrical resistivity of thin fi lm metal-oxide coatings which are applied to a substrate. This is no easy assignment, for the very simple reason that the resistivity of steel is many times lower than the thin coating which is applied to it. The ELPHYC researchers fi nalized a method which actually makes it possible to measure the resistivity of the oxide layer. To do so, they use a linear array of measuring probes. The measuring probes have a tip of 1 µm and a well-defi ned spacing of 2 µm between the probes. Positioning and measurements are carried out inside a scanning electron microscope.

SBO Metacell

In this project, IMOMEC is responsible for the electrical and physical characterization of nano-structures which are produced within this research consortium. The development of new research techniques is also of particular interest. The ELPHYC researchers integrated the in situ SEM measurement module into the new SEM electron microscope. Additionally, the ELPHYC team carried out various characterization assignments commissioned by the consor-tium partners, including the study of silicon threads (in which indium is used as a catalyst) and nano-gold particles.

In addition to the research described above, Elphyc also provides research services for industry, both in Limburg and the sur-rounding regions.

In this process, the available knowledge is used to study material systems from an extensive range of industrial sectors. Some of those sectors are the automotive , the steel-processing, the pharmaceutical , the semiconductor and the electronics sector. The material systems are studied in the various steps of the production process as in comparative material research, and the actual production to trace the cause of production problems and defects as to improve the quality of the materials produced.

Moreover, until the end of 2007, as part of the EFRO “Material Characterization” project, many research assignments were conducted for enterprises from the Objective II area.

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Chemical analysis and characterization

Today , one is confronted with complex material systems for dedicated applications applications in a variety of industrial sec-tors. This means that the materials need to serve several functions (be multifunctional) with higher demands on the quality, performance, and durability of these materials. This is also true for the production processes, which have to meet more severe environmental legislation. That is why there is a need for expertise to develop analytical strategies and methods to investi-gate the relationship between the composition and structural features of a material and its specifi c properties. These insights make it possible to improve material properties, solve material problems (production, quality, and failure), and support the development of new materials for new, innovative applications.

To this end, various complementary and online analytical techniques are applied which provide a unique picture of the be-haviour and properties of these materials according to their composition and structure.

The expertise in the fi eld of chemical analysis and characterization is used in current research into polymer synthesis, which is applied in materials with specifi c electric, optoelectronic, or biosensor properties.

This expertise is also applied successfully in bilateral projects and scientifi c services for industry.

An EFRO project aimed at material systems applied in the automobile sector led to the execution of various sub-projects with various materials. In other industrial sectors (surface treatment, coatings , polymer industry, and micro-electronics) analytical strategies were applied to various material problems, such as:

- material failure (adhesives, printing, contaminating, and ageing)- production problems (mould contamination)- thermal degradation of polymers

To conclude, research is also being conducted into the framework of sustainable development and processing (preventing or reducing residual waste), recycling of materials, and the introduction of environmentally friendly products (REACH issue).

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Professors, assistants, and doctoral students from IMO-IMOMEC are also responsible for offering the commercial-engineer course in the Faculty of Sciences (applied economic sciences) and Medicine and the schools for life sciences and information technology.

In the Faculty of Sciences, they offer several training disciplines in the bachelor’s courses in physics, chemistry, mathematics (es-pecially in the advanced courses of physics and chemistry), biology, biomedical sciences (in connection with bioelectronics and nano-technology), and IT (introduction to micro- and nano-systems).

In the commercial-engineer course of applied economic sciences, they contribute to the training disciplines of technical-scientifi c education and offer insight into new technologies and product- and process technology (and in the bachelor’s course in transport studies in the training discipline of infrastructure design).

In the Faculty of Medicine, a few training disciplines are offered in the fi eld of physical models in medicine and the biochemical basis of cells.

A number of IMO staff members are also members of the education-management teams (OMTs), the curriculum councils, and exam committees of MBW, Physics, Chemistry, and Biology.

Education

IMO Education 2007

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Doctoral theses

Scientifi c output

Kris Vanstreels Doctoraatsproject : “Increasing the main grain size in copper fi lms and features”. Verdediging: 29 oktober 2007. Promotor : Prof. dr. Marc D’Olieslaeger, Co-promotor : Prof. dr. Ward De Ceuninck

Martin BreselgeDoctoraatsproject: Electrical Characterisa-tion of 2,5-Substituted Poly(p-Phenylene Vinylene) Derivatives and their Application in Organic Bulk Heterojunction Solar CellsVerdediging : 20 december 2007. Promo-tor: Prof. dr. Jean Manca, co-promotoren: Prof. dr. Dirk Vanderzande, Prof. dr. Patrick Wagner

Ann SwinnenDoctoraatsproject: Morphological, ther-mal and electrical characterization of or-ganic photovoltaic blends. Verdediging: 21 december 2007. Promotor: Prof. dr. Jean Manca, co-promotor: Prof. dr. Marc D’Olieslaeger

Anna Bogdan Doctoraatsproject: “Growth and properties of nearly atomically-fl at single crystal dia-mond prepared by plasma-enhanced chemi-cal vapor deposition and its surface inter-actions”. Verdediging: 18 december 2007. Promotor: Prof. dr. Milos Nesládek, Co-pro-motor: Prof. dr. Marc D’Olieslaeger

Sofi e FourierDoctoraatsproject: “Spectroscopy, electroche-mistry and spectro- electrochemistry of PPV and PTV derivatives; the effect of backbone structure and side chain polarity on the optoelectronic properties of conjugated polymers” 4 mei 2007 Promotor : Prof. dr. Thomas Cleij ; Co-Promotor: Prof. dr. Jan Yperman

Ine Truijen Doctoraatsproject: “Studie van de invloed van syntheseparameters op de microstruc-tuur van TiO2 lagen voor fotovoltaïsche toepassingen” verdediging: 27 september 2007. Promotor: Prof. dr. Jules Mullens; Co-promotor : Prof. dr. Marlies Van Bael

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Lien Breban verdedigde op woensdag 14 februari 2007 aan de UHasselt haar doctoraatsproefschrift met als titel Synthesis and characterization of poly(arylene vinylene) derivatives with potential for high indu-ced molecular order. Promotor Prof. dr. Dirk Vanderzande en Co-promotor dr. Laurence Lutsen.

Kristof Colladet verdedigde op donderdag 22 maart 2007 aan de UHasselt zijn doc-toraatsproefschrift met als titel “Design of Low Band Gap Polymers: An effort to broaden the optical response of the active layer in plastic solar cells.” Promotor Prof. dr. Dirk Vanderzande

Roel Dams verdedigde op donderdag 28 juni 2007 aan de UHasselt zijn docto-raatsproefschrift met als titel “Plasma deposition of conjugatyed polymers at atmospheric pressure.”; Promotor Prof. dr. Dirk Vander-zande en Co-promotor dr. Dirk Vangeneugden (VITO)

Fateme Banishoeib verdedigde op vrijdag 5 oktober 2007 aan de UHasselt haar docto-raatsproefschrift met als titel ”Study of the Dithiocarbamate Route as a viable synthetic route towards Poly(Thienylene Vinylene) De-rivatives.”; Promotor Prof. dr. Dirk Vanderzande en Co-promotor dr. Laurence Lutsen


24

Scientifi c publications in international journals

Material physics

• Moonen, Rob; Vanmeerbeek, P; Lekens, Geert; De Ceuninck, Ward; Moens, P. & Boutsen, J (2007) Lifetime Modeling Of Intrinsic Gate Oxide Breakdown At High Temperature. In: Microelectronics Reliability, 47(9-11). P. 1389-1393.

• Hardy, An; Van Elshocht, Sven; D’haen, Jan; Douheret, Olivier; De Gendt, Stefan; Adelmann, Christoph; Caymax, Matty; Conard, Thierry; Witters, Thomas; Bender, Hugo; Richard, Olivier; Heyns, Marc; D’olieslaeger, Marc; Van Bael, Mar-lies & Mullens, Jules (2007) Aqueous Chemical Solution Deposition Of Ultrathin Lanthanide Oxide Dielectric Films. In: Journal Of Materials Research, 22(12). P. 3484-3493.

• Leaming-Sphabmixay, K.; Van Olmen, Jan; Moon, K. J.; Vanstreels, Kris; D’haen, Jan; Tokei, Z.; List, S. & Beyer, G. (2007) Electrical Performance, Reliability And Microstructure Of Sub-45 Nm Copper Damascene Lines Fabricated With Teos Backfi ll. In: Microelectronic Engineering, 84(11). P. 2681-2685.

• Volodin, A.; Toma, C.; Bogdan, Anna; Deferme, Wim; Haenen, Ken; Nesladek, Milos & Van Haesendonck, C. (2007) Electrostatic Force Microscopy Mapping Of Electrical Conductivity Of Hydrogen-Terminated Diamond Films. In: Applied Physics Letters, 91(14).

• Michaelson, Sh.; Ternyak, O.; Hoffman, A.; Williams, Oliver & Gruen, D. M. (2007) Hydrogen Bonding At Grain Surfaces And Boundaries Of Nanodiamond Films Detected By High Resolution Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy. In: Ap-plied Physics Letters, 91(10).

• Toma, C.; Volodin, A.; Bogdan, G.; Deferme, Wim; Haenen, Ken; Nesladek, Milos & Van Haesendonck, C. (2007) Tip Voltage Controlled Local Modifi cation Of Hydrogenated Diamond Surface With An Atomic Force Microscope. In: Physica Status Solidi A-Applications And Materials Science, 204(9). P. 2920-2924.

• Vermeeren, Veronique; Bijnens, Nathalie; Wenmackers, Sylvia; Daenen, Michael; Haenen, Ken; Williams, Oliver; Ameloot, Marcel; Van De Ven, Martin; Wagner, Patrick & Michiels, Luc (2007) Towards A Real-Time, Label-Free, Diamond-Based Dna Sensorle. In: Langmuir, 23(26). P. 13193-13202.

• Douheret, Olivier; Swinnen, Ann; Breselge, Martin; Van Severen, Ineke; Lutsen, Laurence; Vanderzande, Dirk & Manca, Jean (2007) High Resolution Electrical Characterisation Of Organic Photovoltaic Blends. In: Microelectronic Enginee-ring, 84(3). P. 431-436.

• Benson-Smith, Jessica J.; Goris, Ludwig; Vandewal, Koen; Haenen, Ken; Manca, Jean; Vanderzande, Dirk; Bradley, Donal D. C. & Nelson, Jenny (2007) Forma-tion Of A Ground-State Charge-Transfer Complex In Polyfl uorene/[6,6]-Phenyl-C-61 Butyric Acid Methyl Ester (Pcbm) Blend Films And Its Role In The Function Of Polymer/Pcbm Solar Cells. In: Advanced Functional Materials, 17(3). P. 451-457.

• Kirsch, Philippe; Assouar, Mohamed B.; Elmazria, O.; El Hakiki, M.; Mortet, Vincent & Alnot, Patrick (2007) Combination Of E-Beam Lithography And Of High Velocity Aln/Diamond-Layered Structure For Saw Filters In X Band. In: Ieee Transactions On Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics And Frequency Control, 54(7). P. 1486-1491.

• Van Severen, Ineke; Breselge, Martin; Fourier, Sofi e; Adriaensens, Peter; Manca, Jean; Lutsen, Laurence; Cleij, Thomas & Vanderzande, Dirk (2007) 2,5-Substitu-ted Ppv-Derivatives With Different Polarities: The Effect Of Side Chain Polarity On Solubility, Optical And Electronic Properties. In: Macromolecular Chemistry And Physics, 208(2). P. 196-206.

• Christiaens, Pieter; Abouzar, M. H.; Poghossian, A.; Wagner, T.; Bijnens, Natha-lie; Williams, Oliver; Daenen, Michael; Haenen, Ken; Douheret, Olivier; D’haen, Jan; Mekhalif, Z.; Schoening, M. J. & Wagner, Patrick (2007) Ph Sensitivity Of Nanocrystalline Diamond Films. In: Physica Status Solidi A-Applications And Materials Science, 204(9). P. 2925-2930.

• Williams, Oliver; Douheret, Olivier; Daenen, Michael; Haenen, Ken; Osawa, Eiji & Takahashi, Makoto (2007) Enhanced Diamond Nucleation On Monodispersed Nanocrystalline Diamond. In: Chemical Physics Letters, 445(4-6). P. 255-258.

• Michaelson, Sh.; Ternyak, O.; Akhvlediani, R.; Williams, Oliver; Gruen, D. & Hoffman, A. (2007) Hydrogen Concentration And Bonding In Nano-Diamond Films Of Varying Grain Sizes Grown By Different Chemical Vapor Deposition Me-thods. In: Physica Status Solidi A-Applications And Materials Science, 204(9). P. 2860-2867.

• Douheret, Olivier; Swinnen, Ann; Bertho, Sabine; Haeldermans, Ilse; D’haen, Jan; D’olieslaeger, Marc; Vanderzande, Dirk & Manca, Jean (2007) High-Resolu-tion Morphological And Electrical Characterisation Of Organic Bulk Heterojunc-tion Solar Cells By Scanning Probe Microscopy. In: Progress In Photovoltaics, 15(8). P. 713-726.

• Williams, Oliver; Mortet, Vincent; Daenen, Michael & Haenen, Ken (2007) Na-


25

nocrystalline Diamond Enhanced Thickness Shear Mode Resonator. In: Applied Physics Letters, 90(6).

• Volodin, A.; Toma, C.; Bogdan, G.; Deferme, Wim; Haenen, Ken; Nesladek, Milos & Van Haesendonck, C. (2007) Electrostatic Force Microscopy Study Of Electrical Conductivity Of Hydrogen-Terminated Cvd Diamond Films. In: Physica Status Solidi A-Applications And Materials Science, 204(9). P. 2915-2919.

• Van Gestel, D.; Romero, M. J.; Gordon, I.; Carnel, L.; D’haen, Jan; Beaucarne, G.; Al-Jassim, M. & Poortmans, J. (2007) Electrical Activity Of Intragrain Defects In Polycrystalline Silicon Layers Obtained By Aluminum-Induced Cry-stallization And Epitaxy. In: Applied Physics Letters, 90(9).

• Achatz, P.; Garrido, J. A.; Williams, Oliver; Brun, P.; Gruen, D. M.; Kromka, A.; Steinmueller, D. & Stutzmann, M. (2007) Structural, Optical, And Electronic Properties Of Nanocrystalline And Ultrananocrystalline Diamond Thin Films. In: Physica Status Solidi A-Applications And Materials Science, 204(9). P. 2874-2880.

• Bertho, Sabine; Haeldermans, Ilse; Swinnen, Ann; Moons, Wouter; Martens, Tom; Lutsen, Laurence; Vanderzande, Dirk; Manca, Jean; Senes, Alessia & Bonfi -glio, Annalisa (2007) Infl uence Of Thermal Ageing On The Stability Of Polymer Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells. In: Solar Energy Materials And Solar Cells, 91(5). P. 385-389.

• Banishoeib, Fateme; Adriaensens, Peter; Berson, S.; Guillerez, S.; Douheret, Olivier; Manca, Jean; Fourier, Sofi e; Cleij, Thomas; Lutsen, Laurence & Vander-zande, Dirk (2007) The Synthesis Of Regio-Regular Poly(3-Alkyl-2,5-Thienylene Vinylene) Derivatives Using Lithium Bis(Trimethylsilyl)Amide (Lhmds) In The Dithiocarbamate Precursor. In: Solar Energy Materials And Solar Cells, 91(11). P. 1026-1034.

• Hikavyy, A.; Clauws, P.; Vanbesien, K.; De Visschere, P.; Williams, Oliver; Dae-nen, Michael; Haenen, Ken; Butler, J. E. & Feygelson, T. (2007) Atomic Layer Deposition Of Zno Thin Films On Boron-Doped Nanocrystalline Diamond. In: Diamond And Related Materials, 16(4-7). P. 983-986.

• Assouar, M. B.; Elmazria, O.; Kirsch, P.; Alnot, P.; Mortet, Vincent & Tiusan, C. (2007) High-Frequency Surface Acoustic Wave Devices Based On Aln/Diamond Layered Structure Realized Using E-Beam Lithography. In: Journal Of Applied Physics, 101(11).

• Deferme, Wim; Bogdan, Anna; Bogdan, Andrey; Haenen, Ken; De Ceuninck, Ward & Nesladek, Milos (2007) Electrical Transport Measurements And Emission Properties Of Freestanding Single Crystalline Cvd Diamond Samples. In: Physica Status Solidi A-Applications And Materials Science, 204(9). P. 3017-3022.

• anssen, G.; Aguirre, A.; Goovaerts, E.; Vanlaeke, Peter; Poortmans, J. & Manca, Jean (2007) Optimization Of Morphology Of P3ht/Pcbm Films For Organic Solar Cells: Effects Of Thermal Treatments And Spin Coating Solvents. In: European Physical Journal: Applied Physics, 37(3). P. 287-290.

BIOS

• Cavity ring-down spectroscopy on metallic gold nanoparticles, S. Gilb, K. Hartl, A. Kartouzian, J. Peter, U. Heiz, H.-G. Boyen, P. Zieman, European Physical Journal D 45, 501 (2007).

• Controlling the inter-particle spacing of Au-salt loaded micelles and Au na-noparticles on fl at surfaces, J. Bansmann, S. Kielbassa, H. Hoster, F. Weigl, H.G. Boyen, U. Wiedwald, P. Ziemann, R.J. Behm, Langmuir 23, 10150 (2007).

• The magnetic moment of Fe in oxide-free FePt nanoparticles, O. Dmitrieva, M. Spasova, C. Antoniak, M. Acet, G. Dumpich, J. Kästner, M. Farle, K. Fauth, U. Wiedwald, H.-G. Boyen, P. Ziemann, Phys. Rev. B 76, 064414 (2007).

• Lowering of the L10 ordering temperature of FePt nanoparticles by He+ ion ir-radiation, U. Wiedwald, A. Klimmer, B. Kern, L. Han, H.-G. Boyen, K. Fauth, and P. Ziemann, Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 062508 (2007).

• Fabrication of ohmic Au/Cr contacts on top of cubic Boron Nitride fi lms, H. Yin, H.-G. Boyen, X.-W. Zhang, and P. Ziemann, Diamond Rel. Mater. 16, 46 (2007).

• A micellar approach to magnetic ultra-high density data storage media – ex-tending the limits of current colloidal methods A. Ethirajan, U. Wiedwald, H.-G. Boyen, B. Kern, L. Han, A. Klimmer, F. Weigl, G. Kästle, P. Ziemann, K. Fauth, J. Cai, R. J. Behm, P. Oelhafen, P. Walther, J. Biskupek, U. Kaiser, Adv. Mater. 19, 406 (2007).

• Rhodium Deposition onto a 4-mercaptopyridine SAM on Au(111), M. Manolova, M. Kayser, D.M. Kolb, H.-G. Boyen, P. Ziemann, D. Mayer, A. Wirth, Electrochi-mica Acta 52, 2740 (2007).

• Purity of epitaxial cubic BoronNitride fi lms on (001)Diamond - A prerequisite for their doping, H. Yin, H.-G. Boyen, P. Ziemann, B. Dohuard, L. Houssiau, F. Renaux, M. Hecq, C. Bittencourt, , Diamond & Related Materials (2008), doi: 10.1016/j.diamond.2007.12.062

IMO Wetenschappelijke output 2007

26

Nano-physics



• Christiaens, Pieter; Abouzar, M.H; Poghossian, A.; Wagner, T; Bijnens, Nathalie; Wil-liams, Oliver; Daenen, Michael; Haenen, Ken; Schoning, M.J. & Wagner, Patrick (2007) Nanocrystalline Diamond-Based Field-Effect Capacitive Ph Sensor. In: Transducers ‘07 & Eurosensors Xxi, Digest Of Technical Papers, Vols 1 And 2. P. U954-U955.

Wide band-gap materials

• Volodin, A.; Toma, C.; Bogdan, Anna; Deferme, Wim; Haenen, Ken; Nesladek, Milos & Van Haesendonck, C. (2007) Electrostatic Force Microscopy Mapping Of Electrical Conductivity Of Hydrogen-Terminated Diamond Films. In: Applied Physics Letters, 91(14).

• Deferme, Wim; Bogdan, Anna; Bogdan, Andrey; Haenen, Ken; De Ceuninck, Ward & Nesladek, Milos (2007) Electrical Transport Measurements And Emission Properties Of Freestanding Single Crystalline Cvd Diamond Samples. In: Physica Status Solidi A-Applications And Materials Science, 204(9). P. 3017-3022.

• Volodin, A.; Toma, C.; Bogdan, G.; Deferme, Wim; Haenen, Ken; Nesladek, Milos & Van Haesendonck, C. (2007) Electrostatic Force Microscopy Study Of Electrical Conductivity Of Hydrogen-Terminated Cvd Diamond Films. In: Physica Status Solidi A-Applications And Materials Science, 204(9). P. 2915-2919.


• Toma, C.; Volodin, A.; Bogdan, G.; Deferme, Wim; Haenen, Ken; Nesladek, Milos & Van Haesendonck, C. (2007) Tip Voltage Controlled Local Modifi cation Of

Hydrogenated Diamond Surface With An Atomic Force Microscope. In: Physica Status Solidi A-Applications And Materials Science, 204(9). P. 2920-2924.

• Williams, Oliver; Douheret, Olivier; Daenen, Michael; Haenen, Ken; Osawa, Eiji & Takahashi, Makoto (2007) Enhanced Diamond Nucleation On Monodispersed Nanocrystalline Diamond. In: Chemical Physics Letters, 445(4-6). P. 255-258.

• Benson-Smith, Jessica J.; Goris, Ludwig; Vandewal, Koen; Haenen, Ken; Manca, Jean; Vanderzande, Dirk; Bradley, Donal D. C. & Nelson, Jenny (2007) Formation Of A Ground-State Charge-Transfer Complex In Polyfl uorene/[6,6]-Phenyl-C-61 Butyric Acid Methyl Ester (Pcbm) Blend Films And Its Role In The Function Of Polymer/Pcbm Solar Cells. In: Advanced Functional Materials, 17(3). P. 451-457.

• Hikavyy, A.; Clauws, P.; Vanbesien, K.; De Visschere, P.; Williams, Oliver; Dae-nen, Michael; Haenen, Ken; Butler, J. E. & Feygelson, T. (2007) Atomic Layer Deposition Of Zno Thin Films On Boron-Doped Nanocrystalline Diamond. In: Diamond And Related Materials, 16(4-7). P. 983-986.

• Williams, Oliver; Mortet, Vincent; Daenen, Michael & Haenen, Ken (2007) Na-nocrystalline Diamond Enhanced Thickness Shear Mode Resonator. In: Applied Physics Letters, 90(6).


• Bogdan, Andrey; Bogdan, Anna; De Ceuninck, Ward; Haenen, Ken & Nesladek, Milos (2007) Electrical Transport And Defect Spectroscopy Of Free Standing Single Crystal Cvd Diamond Prepared From Methane Rich Mixtures. In: Bergonzo, P & Gat, R & Jackman, Rb & Nebel, Ce (Ed.) Diamond Electronics - Fundamentals To Applications. P. 157-163. (Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings)

• Christiaens, Pieter; Abouzar, M.H; Poghossian, A.; Wagner, T; Bijnens, Nathalie; Williams, Oliver; Daenen, Michael; Haenen, Ken; Schoning, M.J. & Wagner, Pa-trick (2007) Nanocrystalline Diamond-Based Field-Effect Capacitive Ph Sensor. In: Transducers ‘07 & Eurosensors Xxi, Digest Of Technical Papers, Vols 1 And 2. P. U954-U955.

ELPHYC

• Deferme, Wim; Bogdan, Anna; Bogdan, Andrey; Haenen, Ken; De Ceuninck, Ward & Nesladek, Milos (2007) Electrical Transport Measurements And Emission Properties Of Freestanding Single Crystalline Cvd Diamond Samples. In: Physica


27

Status Solidi A-Applications And Materials Science, 204(9). P. 3017-3022. • Moonen, Rob; Vanmeerbeek, P; Lekens, Geert; De Ceuninck, Ward; Moens, P. &

Boutsen, J (2007) Lifetime Modeling Of Intrinsic Gate Oxide Breakdown At High Temperature. In: Microelectronics Reliability, 47(9-11). P. 1389-1393.

• Bogdan, Andrey; Bogdan, Anna; De Ceuninck, Ward; Haenen, Ken & Nesladek, Milos (2007) Electrical Transport And Defect Spectroscopy Of Free Standing Sin-gle Crystal Cvd Diamond Prepared From Methane Rich Mixtures. In: Bergonzo, P & Gat, R & Jackman, Rb & Nebel, Ce (Ed.) Diamond Electronics - Fundamentals To Applications. P. 157-163. (Materials Research Society Symposium Procee-dings)

• Biesemans, Leen; Vanstreels, Kris; Brongersma, Sywert; D’haen, Jan; De Ceuninck, Ward & D’olieslaeger, Marc (2007) Microstructural Evolution Of Cu Interconnect Under Ac, Pulsed Dc And Dc Current Stress. In: Russell, Sw & Mills, Me & Osaki, A & Yoda, T (Ed.) Advanced Metallization Conference 2006 (Amc 2006). P. 453-458.

• Moonen, Rob; Vanmeerbeek, P; Lekens, Geert; De Ceuninck, Ward; Moens, P. & Boutsen, J. (2007) Study Of Time-Dependent Dielectric Breakdown On Gate Oxide Capacitors At High Temperature. In: Mahapatra, S Radhakrishnan, Mk (Ed.) Ipfa 2007: Proceedings Of The 14th International Symposium On The Physical & Failure Analysis Of Integrated Circuits. P. 288-291.

• Vanstreels, Kris; Brongersma, Sywert; D’haen, Jan; Demuynck, Steven; De Ceuninck, Ward; Caluwaerts, Rudi & D’olieslaeger, Marc (2007) High Sputter Bias Super Secondary Grain Growth Initiation (In Structures). In: Russell, Sw & Mills, Me & Osaki, A & Yoda, T (Ed.) Advanced Metallization Conference 2006 (Amc 2006). P. 97-103.

ONE

• Janssen, G.; Aguirre, A.; Goovaerts, E.; Vanlaeke, Peter; Poortmans, J. & Manca, Jean (2007) Optimization Of Morphology Of P3ht/Pcbm Films For Organic Solar Cells: Effects Of Thermal Treatments And Spin Coating Solvents. In: European Physical Journal: Applied Physics, 37(3). P. 287-290.

• Bertho, Sabine; Haeldermans, Ilse; Swinnen, Ann; Moons, Wouter; Martens, Tom; Lutsen, Laurence; Vanderzande, Dirk; Manca, Jean; Senes, Alessia & Bonfi -glio, Annalisa (2007) Infl uence Of Thermal Ageing On The Stability Of Polymer Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells. In: Solar Energy Materials And Solar Cells, 91(5). P. 385-389.

• Douheret, Olivier; Swinnen, Ann; Breselge, Martin; Van Severen, Ineke; Lutsen, Laurence; Vanderzande, Dirk & Manca, Jean (2007) High Resolution Electrical Characterisation Of Organic Photovoltaic Blends. In: Microelectronic Enginee-ring, 84(3). P. 431-436.

• Benson-Smith, Jessica J.; Goris, Ludwig; Vandewal, Koen; Haenen, Ken; Manca, Jean; Vanderzande, Dirk; Bradley, Donal D. C. & Nelson, Jenny (2007) Forma-tion Of A Ground-State Charge-Transfer Complex In Polyfl uorene/[6,6]-Phenyl-C-61 Butyric Acid Methyl Ester (Pcbm) Blend Films And Its Role In The Function Of Polymer/Pcbm Solar Cells. In: Advanced Functional Materials, 17(3). P. 451-457

• Banishoeib, Fateme; Adriaensens, Peter; Berson, S.; Guillerez, S.; Douheret, Olivier; Manca, Jean; Fourier, Sofi e; Cleij, Thomas; Lutsen, Laurence & Vander-zande, Dirk (2007) The Synthesis Of Regio-Regular Poly(3-Alkyl-2,5-Thienylene Vinylene) Derivatives Using Lithium Bis(Trimethylsilyl)Amide (Lhmds) In The Dithiocarbamate Precursor. In: Solar Energy Materials And Solar Cells, 91(11). P. 1026-1034

• Van Severen, Ineke; Breselge, Martin; Fourier, Sofi e; Adriaensens, Peter; Manca, Jean; Lutsen, Laurence; Cleij, Thomas & Vanderzande, Dirk (2007) 2,5-Substitu-ted Ppv-Derivatives With Different Polarities: The Effect Of Side Chain Polarity On Solubility, Optical And Electronic Properties. In: Macromolecular Chemistry And Physics, 208(2). P. 196-206.

• Douheret, Olivier; Swinnen, Ann; Bertho, Sabine; Haeldermans, Ilse; D’haen, Jan; D’olieslaeger, Marc; Vanderzande, Dirk & Manca, Jean (2007) High-Resolu-tion Morphological And Electrical Characterisation Of Organic Bulk Heterojunc-tion Solar Cells By Scanning Probe Microscopy. In: Progress In Photovoltaics, 15(8). P. 713-726

• Swinnen, Ann; Zhao, Xi; Van Assche, G.; Vanderzande, Dirk; D’olieslaeger, Marc; Manca, Jean & Van Mele, B. (2007) Elucidating The Aspect Of «Phase Separation» In Organic Blends By Means Of Thermal Analysis - Art. No. 665619. In: Kafafi , Zh Lane, Pa (Ed.) Organic Photovoltaics Viii. P. 65619-65619. (Pro-ceedings Of The Society Of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (Spie))

Applied chemistry

• T. Cornelissen, J. Yperman, G. Reggers, S. Schreurs and R. Carleer. Flash co-pyrolysis of biomass with polylactic acid. Part 1: Infl uence on bio-oil yield and heating value. FUEL (2007) in press, doi:10.1016/j.fuel. 2007.07.019


28

• C. Lievens, J. Yperman, J. Vangronsveld and R. Carleer. Study of the potential valorisation of heavy metal contaminated biomass via phytoremediation by fast pyrolosis: Part I. Infl uence of Temperature, biomass species and solid heat carrier on the behaviour of heavy metals. FUEL (2007) in press, doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2007.10.021

• C. Lievens, J. Yperman, T. Cornelissen and R. Carleer. Study of the potential valorisation of heavy metal contaminated biomass via phytoremediation by fast pyrolosis: Part II. Characterisation of the liquid and gaseous fraction as a func-tion of the temperature. FUEL (2007) in press, doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2007.10.023

• Hogervorst, Janneke; PLUSQUIN, Michelle; VANGRONSVELD, Jaco; Nawrot, Tim; CUYPERS, Ann; Van Hecke, Etienne; Roels, Harry; Carleer, Robert; Staessen, Jan (2007), House dust as possible route of environmental exposure to cadmium and lead in the adult general population, Published in: ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH, 103(1). p. 30-37

• Dukic, Aleksandra; MENS, Raoul; ADRIAENSENS, Peter; Foreman, Paul; GELAN, Jan; Remon, Jean Paul; Vervaet, Chris (2007), Development of starch-based pellets via extrusion/spheronisation , Published in: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS AND BIOPHARMACEUTICS, 66(1). p. 83-94

• d’Antuono, Philippe; Botek, Edith; Champagne, Benoit; Wieme, Joris; Reyniers, Marie-Francoise; Marin, Guy; ADRIAENSENS, Peter; GELAN, Jan (2007), A joined theoretical-experimental investigation on the H-1 and C-13 NMR chemical shifts of chloro-alkenes , Published in: CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS, 436(4-6). p. 388-393

• Banishoeib, Fateme; Adriaensens, Peter; Berson, S.; Guillerez, S.; Douheret, Olivier; Manca, Jean; Fourier, Sofi e; Cleij, Thomas; Lutsen, Laurence; Vander-zande, Dirk (2007), The Synthesis Of Regio-Regular Poly(3-Alkyl-2,5-Thienylene Vinylene) Derivatives Using Lithium Bis(Trimethylsilyl)Amide (Lhmds) In The Dithiocarbamate Precursor , Published In: Solar Energy Materials And Solar Cells, 91(11). P. 1026-1034

• Van Severen, Ineke; Breselge, Martin; Fourier, Sofi e; Adriaensens, Peter; Manca, Jean; Lutsen, Laurence; Cleij, Thomas; Vanderzande, Dirk (2007), 2,5-Substitu-ted Ppv-Derivatives With Different Polarities: The Effect Of Side Chain Polarity On Solubility, Optical And Electronic Properties , Published In: Macromolecular Chemistry And Physics, 208(2). P. 196-206

• F. Lacopi, G. Beyer, Y. Travaly, C. Waldfried, D.M. Gage, R.H. Dauskardt, K. Houthoofd, P. Jacobs, P. Adriaensens, K. Schulze, S. Schulz, S. List And G. Car-lotti (2007), Thermo-Mechanical Properties Of Thin Organosilicate Glass Films Treated By Ultra-Violet-Assisted Cure, Published In: Acta Materialia, 55(4),

1407-1414.• Jacobs R, Lambrichts I, Liang X, Martens W, Mraiwa N, Adriaensens P, Gelan J

(2007), Neurovascularisation Of The Anterior Jaw Bones Revisited Using High Resolution Magnetic Resonance, Published In: Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology And Endodontology, 103(5), 683-693.

• Rijkers, Kim; Temel, Yasin; Vanormelingen, Linda; Vandersteen, Marjan; Adriaensens, Peter; Gelan, Jan; Beuls, Emile; Visser-Vandewalle, Veerle (2007), The Microanatomical Environment Of The Subthalamic Nucleus , Published In: Journal Of Neurosurgery, 107(1), 198-201.

• Van Zwieten, Koos Jaap; Lippens, Peter; Gelan, Jan; Adriaensens, Peter; Thywis-sen, C.; Gens, F. (2007), Complex Anatomy Of The Proximal Interphalangeal Joint As Related To Joint Reconstruction , Published In: Brussels International Symposium Vascularized And Non-Vascularized Allografts In Hand/Upper Extremity Surgery, 90-101.

Inorganic and physical chemistry

• Preparation of a porous nanocrystalline TiO2 layer by deposition of hydrother-mally synthesized nanoparticles; J. Beusen, M.K. Van Bael, H. Van den Rul, J. D’Haen, J. MullensJournal of the European Ceramic Society (2007) 27 4529 - 4535

• Aqueous chemical solution deposition of ultrathin lanthanide oxide dielectric fi lms A. Hardy, S. Van Elshocht, J. D’Haen, O. Douhéret, S. De Gendt, C. Adelmann, M. Caymax, T. Conard, T. Witters, H. Bender, O. Richard, M.Heyns, M. D’Olieslaeger, M. K. Van Bael, J. Mullens; Journal of Materials Research, 22 (2007) 3484-3493

• Aqueous Chemical Solution deposition of ferroelectric Ti4+ cosubstituted (Bi,La)4Ti3O12 thin fi lms; A. Hardy, J. D’Haen, L. Goux, D. Wouters, M. K. Van Bael, H. Van den Rul, J. Mullens; Chemistry of Materials, 19 (2007) 2994 - 3001

• H2S exposure of a (100)Ge surface: Evidences for a (2x1) electrically passivated surface M. Houssa, D. Nelis, D. Hellin, G. Pourtois, and T. Conard, K. Paredis, K. Vanormelingen, A. Vantomme, M.K. Van Bael and J. Mullens, M. Caymax, M. Meuris, and M.M. HeynsApplied Physics Letters 90, 22 (2007)

• An aqueous solution-gel citratoperoxo-Ti(IV) precursor: synthesis, gelation, thermo-oxidative decomposition and oxide crystallization; A. Hardy, J.D’Haen,


2929

M.K. Van Bael, J. Mullens; Journal of Sol-gel science and technology 44 (2007) 65-74

• Preparation of nanocrystalline titania fi lms with different porosity by water based chemical solution deposition; I. Truijen, M.K. Van Bael, H. Van den Rul, J. D’Haen, J. Mullens ; Journal of Sol-gel Science and Technology 43, 3 (2007) 291 - 297

• Infl uence of synthesis parameters on morphology and phase composition of porous titania layers prepared via water based chemical solution deposition ; I. Truijen, V. Goossens, I. Haeldermans, M.K. Van Bael, H. Van den Rul, J. D’Haen, J. Mullens; Journal of the European Ceramic Society 27 (2007) 4537 - 4546

• Study of the decomposition of aqueous citratoperoxo-Ti(IV)-gel precursors for titania by means of TGA-MS and FTIR; I. Truijen, A. Hardy, M.K. Van Bael, H. Van den Rul, J. Mullens; Thermochimica Acta 456, 1 (2007) 38 - 47

• Silane ligand exchange to make hydrophobic superparamagnetic nanoparticles water-dispersible ; R. De Palma, S. Peeters, M.J. Van Bael, H. Van den Rul, K . Bonroy, W. Laureyn, J . Mullens, G. Borghs, G. Maes ; Chemistry of Materials 19, 7 (2007) 1821-1831

• Effect of La3+ content on the properties of ferroelectric BLT thin fi lms prepared by aqueous chemical solution deposition; A. Hardy, G. Vanhoyland, D. Vangen-echten, M.K. Van Bael, H. Van den Rul, J. Mullens, J. D’Haen, L. Goux, D.J. Wouters ; Journal of Sol-gel science and technology 42 (2007) 239-245

• Aqueous chemical solution deposition - Fast screening method for alternative high-k materials applied to Nd2O3; S. Van Elshocht, T. Witters, A. Adelmann, M. Caymax, T. Conard, S. De Gendt, A. Franquet, M. Heyns, A. Hardy, M.K. Van Bael, J. Mullens; Electrochemical and solid state letters 10, 4 (2007) G15-G17

• Tanalith E 3494 impregnated wood: characterisation and thermal behaviour; L. Helsen, A. Hardy, M.K. Van Bael, J. Mullens; Journal of Analytical and Ap-plied Pyrolysis 78, 1 (2007) 133-139

• Synthesis of dense titania fi lms via an aqueous solution-gel method; I. Truijen, M.K. Van Bael, H. Van den Rul, J. D’Haen, J. Mullens; Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 41, 1 (2007) 43-48

• The Aqueous Solution-Gel Synthesis of Perovskite Pb(Zr1-x,Tix)O3 (PZT); K. Van Werde, G. Vanhoyland, D. Mondelaers, H. Van den Rul, M.K. Van Bael,J. Mullens, L.C. Van PouckeJournal of Materials Science 42, 2 (2007) 624-632

• Synthesis of ZnO nanorods from aqueous solution; N. Lepot, M. K. Van Bael, H. Van den Rul, J. D’Haen, R. Peeters, D. Franco, J. Mullens ; Materials Letters 61, 13 (2007) 2624 - 2627

• Low toxic processing of (Pb1-xCax)TiO3 thin fi lms by an aqueous solution-gel route: I. Bretos, R. Jimenez, M.L. Calzada, M.K. Van Bael, A. Hardy, D. Van Genechten, J. Mullens. Chemistry of Materials (2006) 18, 6448-6456

• Synthesis of platelet shaped boehmite and gamma-alumina nanoparticles via an aqueous route: N. Lepot, M.K. Van Bael, H. Van den Rul, J. D’Haen, R. Peeters,

D. Franco, J. Mullens; Ceramics International, available online august 2007• Water based preparation method for ‘green’ solid-state polythiophene solar

cells: I.Haeldermans, I. Truijen, K. Vandewal, W. Moons, M. K. Van Bael, J. D’Haen, J. V. Manca, J. Mullens, Thin Solid Films, available online December 2007.

Organic and polymer chemistry

• P. d’Antuono, E. Botek, B. Champagne, J. Wieme, MF. Reyniers, G.B. Marin, P. Adriaensens and J.M. Gelan, A joined theoretical-experimental investigation on the 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts of chloro-alkenes. Chem. Phys. Letters, 436, 388-393 (2007).

• Sentein, C., Rocha L., Apostoluk, A., Raimond P., Duyssens, I., Van Severen, I., Cleij, T., Lutsen, L., Vanderzande, D., Kaukauskas, V., Pranaitis, M., Cyras, V., Evidence of the improvement of photovoltaic effi ciency by polar molecule orientation in a new semiconducting polymer, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. Vol. 91: (19) 1816-1824; 2007.

• Banishoeib, F., Adriaensens, P., Berson, S., Guillerez, S., Douheret, O., Manca, J., Fourier, S., Cleij, TJ., Lutsen, L., Vanderzande, D., The synthesis of regio-regular poly(3-alkyl-2,5-thienylene vinylene) derivatives using lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (LHMDS) in the dithiocarbamate precursor. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. Vol. 91: (11) 1026-1034; 2007.

• Douheret, O., Swinnen, A., Breselge, M., Van Severen, I., Lutsen, L., Vander-zande, D., Manca, J., High resolution electrical characterisation of organic photovoltaic blends. Microelectronic Engineering. Vol. 84: (3) 431-436; 2007.

• Banishoeib, F., Fourier, S., Cleij, TJ., Lutsen, L., Vanderzande, D., The synthesis of poly(thienylene vinylene) derivatives via the dithiocarbamate route: low band gap p-type conjugated polymers for photovoltaics. European Physical Journal-Applied Physics. Vol. 37: (3) 237-240; 2007.

• Bertho, S., Haeldermans, I., Swinnen, A., Moons, W., Martens, T., Lutsen, L., Vanderzande, D., Manca, J., Senes, A., Bonfi glio, A. Infl uence of thermal ageing


30

on the stability of polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells. Solar Energy Materi-als and Solar Cells. Vol. 91: (5) 385-389; 2007.

• Benson-Smith, JJ., Goris, L., Vandewal, K., Haenen, K., Manca, JV., Vander-zande, D., Bradley, DDC., Nelson, J. Formation of a ground-state charge-transfer complex in polyfl uorene/[6,6]-phenyl-C-61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) blend fi lms and its role in the function of polymer/PCBM solar cells. Advanced Functional Materials. Vol. 17 (3) 451-457; 2007.

• Van Severen, I., Breselge, M., Fourier, S., Adriaensens, P., Manca, J., Lutsen, L., Cleij, TJ., Vanderzande, D. 2,5-substituted PPV-derivatives with different polarities: The effect of side chain polarity on solubility, optical and electronic properties. Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics. Vol. 208: (2) 196-206; 2007.

• Colladet, K., Fourier, S., Cleij, TJ., Lutsen, L., Gelan, J., Vanderzande, D., Nguyen, LH, Neugebauer, H., Sariciftci, S., Aguirre, A., Janssen, G., Goovaerts, E. Low band gap donor-acceptor conjugated polymers toward organic solar cells applications. Macromolecules. Vol. 40: (1) 65-72; 2007.

• Chambon, S., Rivaton, A., Gardette, JL., Firon, M., Lutsen, L. Aging of a donor conjugated polymer: Photochemical studies of the degradation of poly[2-me-thoxy-5-(3 ‘,7 ‘-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene]. Journal of Polymer Science: Part A: Polymer Chemistry. Vol. 45: (2) 317-331; 2007.

• Jacobs R, Lambrichts I, Liang X, Martens W, Mraiwa N, Adriaensens P, Gelan J

(2007), Neurovascularisation of the anterior jaw bones revisited using high resolution magnetic resonance, Published in: Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology and Endodontology, 103(5), 683-693

• Rijkers, Kim; Temel, Yasin; Vanormelingen, Linda; Vandersteen, Marjan; Adriaensens, Peter; Gelan, Jan; Beuls, Emile; Visser-Vandewalle, Veerle (2007), The Microanatomical Environment Of The Subthalamic Nucleus , Published In: Journal Of Neurosurgery, 107(1), 198-201

• Van Zwieten, Koos Jaap; Lippens, Peter; Gelan, Jan; Adriaensens, Peter; Thywis-sen, C.; Gens, F. (2007), Complex Anatomy Of The Proximal Interphalangeal Joint As Related To Joint Reconstruction , Published In: Brussels International Symposium Vascularized And Non-Vascularized Allografts In Hand/Upper Extre-mity Surgery, 90-101

• Dukic, Aleksandra; Mens, Raoul; Adriaensens, Peter; Foreman, Paul; Gelan, Jan; Remon, Jean Paul; Vervaet, Chris (2007), Development Of Starch-Based Pellets Via Extrusion/Spheronisation , Published In: European Journal Of Pharmaceu-tics And Biopharmaceutics, 66(1). P. 83-94

Lectures on international scientifi c conferences

Material physics

• R. Moonen, P. Vanmeerbeek, G. Lekens, W. De Ceuninck, P. Moens, J. Boutsen, “Lifetime modeling of intrinsic gate oxide breakdown at high temperature”, 18th European Symposium on Reliability of Electron Devices, Failure Physics and Analysis (ESREF), 8-12 Oktober 2007, Bordeaux, France

• O.A. Williams, V. Mortet, K. Haenen, “The diamond nanobalance”, MRS 2007 Fall Meeting, Hynes Convention Center & Sheraton Boston Hotel, Boston, MA, USA, November 26-30, 2007.

• A. Poghossian, M.H. Abouzar, P. Christiaens, O.A. Williams, K. Haenen, P. Wag-ner, J.P. Kloock, M.J. Schöning, “Sensing the charged macromolecules with na-nocrystalline diamond-based fi eld-effect sensor”, 6th International Conference

on Semiconductor Micro- and Nanoelectronics, Tsakhadzor, Armenia, September 18-20, 2007.

• J.C. Arnault, S. Saada, M. Nesládek, O.A. Williams, K. Haenen, P. Bergonzo, E. Osawa, “Diamond nanoseeding on silicon: stability under MPCVD conditions and early growth stages”, 18th European Conference on Diamond, Diamond-like Ma-terials, Carbon Nanotubes, and Nitrides, Maritim Hotel Berlin, Berlin, Germany, September 9-14, 2007.

• A. Lazea, V. Mortet, W. Gajewski, J.A. Garrido, M. Stutzmann, P. Geithner, J. Ristein, T. Teraji, K. Haenen, “Polycrystalline phosphorus doped diamond fi lms grown using novel plasma conditions”, 18th European Conference on Diamond, Diamond-like Materials, Carbon Nanotubes, and Nitrides, Maritim Hotel Berlin, Berlin, Germany, September 9-14, 2007.


31

• S. Wenmackers, V. Vermeeren, S.D. Silaghi, K. Haenen, M. vandeVen, M. Ameloot, N. Esser, L. Michiels, P. Wagner, “Microfl uorimetry and UV ellipsometry on DNA-fragments immobilized on synthetic diamond fi lms”, General Scientifi c Meeting 2007 – Belgian Physical Society – Belgian Biophysical Society, Univer-siteit Antwerpen, Belgium, May 30, 2007.

• O.A. Williams, V. Mortet, M. Daenen, K. Haenen, “Nanocrystalline diamond enhanced thickness shear mode resonator”, Hasselt Diamond Workshop – SBDD XII, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium, February 28-March 2, 2007.

• M. Nesladek, “Study of Cell Attachment on Undoped and B-Doped Nanodiamond Films”. Alex Kromka, Petra Bilkova, Lubica Grausova, Lucie Bacakova, Vera Lisa, Frantisek Fendrych1, Milan Vanecek1 and Milos Nesladek3, MRS 2007 Fall Meeting, Hynes Convention Center & Sheraton Boston Hotel, Boston, MA, USA, November 26-30, 2007.

• M. Nesladek, B. Rezek, J. Cermak, “Surface epitaxial nanostructures based on B-doped epitaxial diamond” New Diamond and Nano Carbons (NDNC2007), Senri Life Science Center Osaka, Osaka, Japan, May 28-31, 2007.

• H.-G. Boyen: A micellar approach to magnetic ultra-high density data storage media, International Conference on Particle Synthesis, Characterization, and Parti-cle-Based Advanced Materials (PARTICLES 2007), Toronto, 27.10.07 (invited).

• H.-G. Boyen: Composition variations in ferromagnetic FePt nanoparticle arrays, International Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (MMM 2007), Tampa Florida, 8.11.07

P. Cooreman, T. Boonen, V. Vermeeren, L. Michiels, M. Ameloot, T. Cleij, • J. Manca, P. Wagner. “Impedance spectroscopy of antibody-antigen binding:

development of a polymer-based immunosensor”, General Scientifi c Meeting of the Belgian Physical and Biophysical Societies, 30 mei 2007, Universiteit Antwerpen, België.

• J. Duchateau, R. Thoelen, R. Vansweevelt, F. Horemans, J. D’Haen, L. Lutsen, T. Cleij, D. Vanderzande, M. vandeVen, M. Ameloot, P. Wagner., “An impedimetric sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymers for the detection of L-nico-tine” , Biomedica Event 2007, 21-22 maart 2007, Aken, Duitsland.

• R. Thoelen, R. Vansweevelt, J. Duchateau, F. Horemans, J. D’Haen, L. Lutsen, M. vandeVen, M. Ameloot T. Cleij, D. Vanderzande, P. Wagner, “Impedimetrische Sensoren auf der Basis von molekular geprägten Polymeren zum Nachweis von Nikotin”, Deutsches Biosensor Symposium (DBS), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 18-21 maart 2007, Bochum, Duitsland.

Applied chemistry

• S. Marinov, L. Gonsalvesh, M. Stefanova, Y. Yürüm, A. G. Dumanli, N. Kolankaya, M. Sam, R. Carleer, G. Reggers and J. Yperman. 7D3: Reductive Pyrolysis study of biode-sulphurised sub-bituminous coal. 2007 ICCS&T, Nottingham, UK, 28-31 August 2007.

• T. Cornelissen, M. Jans, J. Yperman, R. Reggers, S. Schreurs, T. Thewys and R. Carleer. Flash co-pyrolysis of biomass with biopolymers: a preliminary evalua-tion. ECO-TECH’07, Kalmar, Zweden, 28 November 2007.

• Fenrong Liu, Wen Li, Baoqing Li, Haokan Chen and J. Yperman. 2B5: Study of sulphur’s behaviour in coal under different atmospheres by PY-MS. 2007 ICCS&T, Nottingham, UK, 28-31 August 2007.

• E. Pokorna, N. Postelmans, P. Jenicek, G. Reggers, R. Carleer, S. Schreurs and J. Yperman. Flash pyrolysis of sewage sludge. Wastewater 2007, Brno, Tsjechië 19-21 november 2007.

• E.Kesters, M.Claeys, M.Lux, Q-T Le, Vereecke,Mertens, P. Adriaensens, R. Carleer, J.J. Biesbuyck, P. VanVeltem, S. Bebelman. Characterization of post-etch pho-toresists used in Metal hardmask and photoresist: schemes. 1st Int. Workshop Plasma Etch and Strip in Micorelectronics,Leuven 10-11, September 2007

• P.Tsytsik, R.Carleer, A.Buekens.Thermal techniques in dioxin-related laboratory research. TOP 2007: 18th International F.W. Karasek Conference on Trace Organic Pollutants, Italy, June 13-16, 2007.

• Kurt Baeten, Jerome JA Hendriks, Niels Hellings, Evi Theunissen, Joris Van-derlocht, Leen De Ryck, Jan Gelan, and Peter Adriaensens and Piet Stinissen. Investigating the recovery process during experimental autoimmune encepha-lomyelitis by transfer of labelled myelin reactive T cells. Annual MS meeting of the MS Research foundation, 15-16 Nomber 2007, Hasselt, Belgium

• Kurt Baeten, Jerome JA Hendriks, Niels Hellings, Evi Theunissen, Leen De Ryck, Piet • Stinissen, Jan Gelan and Peter Adriaensens. Tracking of immune cells using

paramagnetic particles in an animal model for multiple sclerosis. 6th sympo-sium of Young Belgian Magnetic Resonance Scientists (YBMRS), 30 November 2007, Brussel, Belgium.

• E. Theunissen, M. Moreels, K. Baeten, L. Vanormelingen, P. Ponsaerts, I. Lam-brichts, E. Beuls, J. Gelan, P. Adriaensens, N. Hellings. Celtherapy for multiple sclerose, Benelux Forum on stem cells (3th YRC meeting), 26 June 2007, UA, Belgium.


32


• Screening of high-k layers in MIS and MIM capacitors using aqueous chemical solution deposition; S. Van Elshocht, A. Hardy, C. Adelmann, T. Conard, A. Franquet, O. Richard, M.K. Van Bael, J. Mullens, S. De Gendt; lezing tijdens ECS Joint international meeting 212th Meeting of The Electrochemical Society, Washington, USA (7-12 oktober 2007)

• Hydrothermal Synthesis of ZnO Nanorods: A Statistical Determination of the Signifi cant Parameters in Reducing the Diameter; K. Elen, M. K. Van Bael, R. Peeters, H. Van den Rul, A. Hardy, D. Franco, J. D’Haen, J. Mullens; lezing tijdens Third Workshop COST 539, 3WP-ELENA 2007, “Nanostructured Materials: Proccesing and Aplication”, Bled, Slovenia (2 september 2007)

• Preparation of porous nanocrystalline oxide layers by deposition of hydrother-mally synthesized nanoparticles for use in photovoltaic devices; J. Beusen, W. Moons, I. Truijen, M.K. Van Bael, H. Van den Rul, J. D’Haen, J. Manca, J. Mullens; Lezing tijdens de 10th International Conference and Exhibition of the European Ceramic Society EcerS 2007, Berlin, Germany (17-21 juni 2007)

• Aqueous CSD and characterization of ultrathin high-k dielectric metal oxide fi lms; A. Hardy, S. Van Elshocht, M.K. Van Bael, J. D’Haen, O. Douhéret, S. De Gendt, C. Adelmann, M. Caymax, T. Conard, T. Witters, M. D’Olieslaeger, M. Heyns, J. Mullens; Lezing tijdens de 10th International Conference and Exhibition of the European Ceramic Society EcerS 2007, Berlin, Germany (17-21 juni 2007)

• Exploring the limits of the aqueous solution-gel method: from electroceramic metal oxide powders to nanopatterns; A. Hardy, M.K. Van Bael, H. Van den Rul, J. Mullens; Lezing tijdens de 10th International Conference and Exhibition of the European Ceramic Society EcerS 2007, Berlin, Germany (17-21 juni 2007) in het kader van de Speech contest (zie ook BcerS 2006)

• Metal oxide thin fi lms by CSD of water-based solutions of carboxylate complexes; M.K. Van Bael, A. Hardy, H. Van den Rul, J. Mullens; Lezing op uitnodiging van de organisatoren van de International Conference on Chemical Solution Deposi-tion ICCSD 2007, Berchtesgaden, Germany (14-16 juni 2007).

• Ultrathin high-k dielectrics from aqueous chemical solution deposition; A. Hardy, S. Van Elshocht, M.K. Van Bael, J. D’Haen, O. Douhéret, S. De Gendt, C. Adelmann, M. Caymax, T. Conard, O. Richard, A. Franquet, M. D’Olieslaeger, M. Heyns, J. Mullens,Lezing tijdens de International Conference on Chemical Solution Deposition 2007, Berchtesgaden, Germany (14-16 juni 2007)

• Aqueous chemical solution deposition of ultrathin high-k metal oxide fi lms; A. Hardy, S. Van Elshocht, M.K. Van Bael, J. D’Haen, O. Douhéret, S. De Gendt, C. Adelmann, M. Caymax, T. Conard, T. Witters, M. D’Olieslaeger, M. Heyns, J. Mullens; Lezing tijdens het International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics ISIF2007, Bordeaux, France (8-11 mei 2007)

• Ultra-Thin Dielectric Oxide Films by Aqueous Chemical Solution Deposition; A. Hardy, S. Van Elshocht, M.K. Van Bael, S. De Gendt, C. Adelmann, M. Caymax, T.

Conard, T. Witters, M.D’Olieslaeger, M. Heyns, J. Mullens; 31st International Cocoa beach Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites, Microfab-rication and smart processing I, Daytona Beach, USA (January 21-26, 2007)

• New, Fast Screening of Alternative Oxide Gate Dielectrics by Aqueous CSD; A. Hardy, S. Van Elshocht, M.K. Van Bael, S. De Gendt, C. Adelmann, M. Caymax, T. Conard, T. Witters, M.D’Olieslaeger, M. Heyns, J. Mullens; 31st International Cocoa beach Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites, Thin fi lms and nanoscale phenomena, Daytona Beach, USA (January 21-26, 2007)

• Water-Based Synthesis of Nanodimensional Metal Oxides; H. Van den Rul, M.K. Van Bael, A. Hardy, J. Mullens; 31st International Cocoa beach Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites, Nanomaterials I Synthesis and processing, Daytona Beach, USA (January 21-26, 2007)

• Towards ‘Green’ Solid State Polythiophene Solar Cells using a Fully Water Based Preparation Method; I. Haeldermans, I. Truijen, K. Vandewal, W. Moons, M. K. Van Bael, J. D’Haen, J. V. Manca, J. Mullens; Materials Research Society (MRS) Spring Meeting, San Francisco, USA (April 9–13, 2007).


• Dirk Vanderzande, Invited lecture: “Poly(arylene vinylene) derivatives in organic photovoltaics” op de Young Chemists’ CERC3 ‘Chairmen of the European Research Councils Chemistry Commitees’ workshop on “Organic Photovoltaics” April 18-20 2007, Spa, Belgium; Organizers: Dr. Jérôme Cornil / Prof. Roberto Lazzaroni

• Dirk Vanderzande, Fateme Banishoeib, Anja Henckens, Hanne Diliën, Thomas Cleij, and Laurence Lutsen: “Poly(3-AlkylThienylene Vinylene) derivatives: Low band gap p-type conjugated polymers for multilayer structures.” op E-MRS Spring meeting, Symposium D, 28 May– 1 June 2007, Strasbourg, Frankrijk

• Vanderzande Dirk, Invited lecture: “How to understand the polymerization behavior of p-quinodimethane systems: A tale of competing polymerization mechanisms” op “The 10th International Symposium on Advanced Materials” (IUMRS-ICAM 2007), Hotel Grand Ashok, Bangalore, India (8-13 October 2007).

• Gelan Jan Invited lecture: “Characterization of 3D-polymer networks using NMR techniques” op Baekeland Symposium Ghent on 24 septembre 2007

• Wibren D. Oosterbaan, Veerle Vrindts, Ann Swinnen, Olivier Douhéret, Jan D’Haen, Jean Manca, Thomas J. Cleij, Laurence Lutsen, Dirk Vanderzande, So-lenn Berson, Séverine Bailly, Rémi de Bettignies, Stéphane Guillerez; Isolation and Characterisation of Regioregular Poly(3-alkylthiophene) Fibres for Electro-nic Devices; E-MRS 2007 Spring Meeting, SYMPOSIUM D, Advanced Materials and concepts for Photovoltaics “AMPS”; 1 June 2007, Strasbourg, France

• Vanderzande Dirk, Invited lecture: “Design and Development of New Acceptor Materials for Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells”, OrgaPVnet workshop relating to “Coordination Action towards stable and low-cost organic solar cell technolo-gies and their application”, 21st and 23nd of May 2007, Prague, Tsjech Republic


33

Lectures abroad, at the invitation of an institute or organisation

Material physics

• K. Haenen, A. Lazea, V. Mortet, J. D’Haen, “Phosphorous doping of polycrystalline CVD diamond fi lms using modifi ed conditions”, MRS 2007 Fall Meeting, Hynes Con-vention Center & Sheraton Boston Hotel, Boston, MA, USA, November 26-30, 2007.

• O.A. Williams, K. Haenen, et al., “Growth and electronic properties of nanodiamond”, 18th European Conference on Diamond, Diamond-like Materials, Carbon Nanotubes, and Nitrides, Maritim Hotel Berlin, Berlin, Germany, September 9-14, 2007.

• M. Nesládek, W. Deferme, O.A. Williams, K. Haenen, et al., “Charge transport in high mobility single crystal diamond”, 18th European Conference on Diamond, Diamond-like Materials, Carbon Nanotubes, and Nitrides, Maritim Hotel Berlin, Berlin, Germany, September 9-14, 2007.

• M. Nesladek, “Nanocrystalline diamond for bioelectronic applications” Vacuum Society Meeting, Florence 02-04.2007, Italy

• M. Nesladek,“Growth and properties on B-doped diamond Nanowires” NanoS-mat, Algarve,Portugal, July, 2007¨

• M. Nesladek, “PECVD growth on nanostructures and nanowires, based on B-doped epitaxial diamond, International Conference on Vacuum and Surface Plasma Engineering, LIoberec, Hejnice, 25-27.10. 2007, Czech Republic”

• A. Lazea, V. Mortet, W. Gajewski, J.A. Garrido, M. Stutzmann, T. Teraji, K. Haenen, “P-doped CVD diamond fi lms on substrates with different orientations:growth and characterisation”, 58th Diamond Conference, University of Warwick, Warwick, UK, July 11-13, 2007.

• B.L. Cann, A.M. Edmonds, S. Felton, M.E. Newton, J.M. Baker, K. Haenen, P.M. Martineau, “EPR studies of a point defect grown into {100} single crystal CVD diamond with a preferred orientation”, 58th Diamond Conference, University of Warwick, Warwick, UK, July 11-13, 2007.

• O.A. Williams, K. Haenen et al., “Biological applications of nanocrystalline dia-mond”, International Conference on Surfaces, Coatings and Nanostructured Materi-als (NanoSMat 2007), Hotel Pestana Alvor Praia, Alvor, Portugal, July 9-11, 2007.

• S. Wenmackers, N. Bijnens, K. Haenen, P. Wagner, V. Vermeeren, M. vande-Ven, M. Ameloot, L. Michiels, S. Silaghi, K. Roodenko, K. Hinrichs, N. Esser, “Synthetische Diamantschichten als Plattform für den elektronischen Nachweis der DNA-Hybridisierung”, Jahrestagung des AK-BioMST e.V., Technologiezentrum Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany, June 19, 2007.

• H.-G. Boyen: Noble dwarfs – insights into the fascinating world of small objects, University of Ulm, 16.1.07 (invited lecture).

• H.-G. Boyen: Nanomaterials in contact with each other – interactions and properties, University of Basel, 22.1.07 (invited talk).

• H.-G. Boyen: Metal electrodes to the molecular world - A David vs. Goliath story, University of Chemnitz, 23.10.07 (invited talk).

• P. Wagner: Toekomstperspectief voor Nieuwe Materialen – Quo Vadis ? Neder-landse Handelsmissie ‘Nieuwe Materialen’, 21-22 november 2007, Nederlandse Ambassade Brussel.

• R. Thoelen, R. Vansweevelt, J. Duchateau, F. Horemans, J. D’Haen, L. Lutsen, M. vandeVen, M. Ameloot T. Cleij, D. Vanderzande, en P. Wagner,

“Impedimetrischer Nachweis von Nikotin mit MIPs – molekular geprägte Polymere als synthetische Rezeptoren”, 3. Jahrestagung des Arbeitskreis Microsysteme für Biotechnologie und Life Sciences (AK-BioMST) e.V., 19-20 juni 2007, Technologie Zentrum Dortmund, Dortmund, Duitsland.

• S. Wenmackers, N. Bijnens, K. Haenen, P. Wagner, V. Vermeeren, M. vandeVen, M. Ameloot, L. Michiels, S. Silaghi, K. Roodenko, K. Hinrichs, N. Esser, “Syn-thetische Diamantschichten als Plattform für den elektronischen Nachweis der DNA-Hybridisierung”, 3. Jahrestagung des Arbeitskreis Microsysteme für Bio-technologie und Life Sciences (AK-BioMST) e.V., 19-20 juni 2007, Technologie Zentrum Dortmund, Dortmund, Duitsland.

• P. Wagner: “Entwicklung von Bio- und Chemosensoren an der Universität Has-selt”, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 02 februari 2007, Jülich, Duitsland.


• J. Mullens; Hyphenated techniques in Thermal Analysis; op uitnodiging PaON Veldhoven 6.6.2007

• J. Mullens; TGA-HTDRIFT-HTXRD: Case studies; op uitnodiging PaON Veldhoven 6.6.2007• Hardy, H. Van den Rul, M.K. Van Bael, J. Mullens; Understanding the formation

of (ultra)thin oxide fi lms by aqueous CSD: The importance of hyphenated thermal analysis; Lezing op uitnodiging van de organisatoren TAWN tijdens de Thermische Analyse dag 2007, Marknesse, Nederland 30.11.2007

• M.K. Van Bael, A. Hardy, H. Van den Rul, J. Mullens; Metal oxide thin fi lms by CSD of water-based solutions of carboxylate complexes; Lezing op uitnodiging van de organisatie (RWTH Aachen University, Prof. dr. R. Waser) van de Interna-tional Conference on Chemical Solution Deposition ICCSD 2007, Berchtesgaden, Germany (14-16 juni 2007).


34IMO in 2007

Material physics

V. Mortet, US 2007/0138909 A1, June 21, 2007, “Method and system for measuring physical parameters with piezoelectric bimorph cantilever in a gaseous or liquid environment”. Inventors: V. Mortet, R. Petersen


1. Patent Filed 13 December 2007: Method Of Preparing Derivatives Of Polyarylene Vinylene And Method Of Preparing An Electronic Device Including Same; Inventors Vanderzande Dirk (Be); Lutsen Laurence (Fr); Henckens Anja (Be); Colladet Kristof (Be), Application Nr/Patent No. Us20070779548 20070718

2. Patent Filed 1 August 2007: Functionalization Of Poly(Arylenevinylene) Polymers For Integrated Circuits; Inventors Laurence Lutsen, Dirk Vanderzande, Fateme Banishoeib, Application Nr/Patent No.: 07447045.1-1214 Applicant: Imec

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35IMO Activiteiten 2007

Activities organized in 2007

Material physics

K. Haenen, Organisor of “Micro and nanostructured polymer grafts”, Marin Steenackers, Technische Universität München, een seminary concerning the FWO Wetenschappelijke Onderzoeksgemeenschap (WOG) “Oppervlaktemodifi catie van Materialen”, Universiteit Hasselt, Diepenbeek-Hasselt, Belgium, July 3, 2007.

Applied chemistry

- Poster day of the research, Diepenbeek, 23-11-2007- Participation Study afternoon CMK- Price Paul Donners VIK for best doctoral thesis industrial engineer: “Co-pyrolyse van biomassa met biopolymeren ter

reductie van het watergehalte in bio-olie” M. Jans


Organisation seminary op 1-3-2007: speaker prof. dr. Jean Roncali (Groupe Systèmes Conjugués Linéaires, CIMMA, CNRS UMR 6200 ; Université d’Angers, 2 Bd Lavoisier, 49045 Angers, Frankrijk). Title of the lecture: “Molecular and Supramolecular En-gineering of Functional π-Conjugated Systems”

Organisation seminary on 5-6-2007: speaker prof. dr. John Anthony (Gill Professor of Chemistry; University of Kentucky, De-partment of Chemistry Lexington, KY 40506-0055; USA). Title of the lecture: “Small-molecule design for organic electronics”

Organisation seminary on 8-11-2007: speaker prof. dr. Ullrich Scherf (Macromolecular Chemistry Group, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany). Title of the lecture: “Synthesis and aggregation behaviour of fl uorene/thiophene diblock Copolymers “

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Notes

IMO 2007

Documents

IMO IN 2007 - UHasselt3 IMO in 2007 Dear reader, At the Institute for Material Research (IMO) and IMEC’s division IMOMEC , multi-disciplinary research is conducted into “new materials”