Immunotherapy of Cancerand

Immunodiagnosis

Folder Title: ImmunThe(NoTP)

Updated: April 20, 2015

Forms of Cancer Immunotherapy

• Non-Specific: Generalized, Non-Antigen-Specific Immune Activation

• Specific: Antigen-specific Response Induced in the Mouse or Patient or Passively Transferred in from Donor Source

Forms of Cancer Immunotherapy

Active: Induced Directly in the Tumor-Bearing Animal or in the Patient

• Can be Specific or Non Specific

Passive or Adoptive: Immunologically Active Material Transferred into Mouse or Patient as a Passive Recipient

• Can be Specific (Antibodies, T-Cells, Antigen-presenting cells – Dendritic Cell Vaccines)

• Or Non-Specific (Non-specifically-activated T-Cells; Cytokines

Active Non-Specific Immunotherapy

Bacterial Extracts: Non-Specific Immune Adjuvants• BCG: Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (Attenuated Bovine Tuberculosis

Bacterium)• Membrane Extracts of BCG • C Parvum: Corynebacterium parvum (related to diphtheria

bacillus)Bacterial Endotoxins: Muramyl DipeptideChemical Adjuvants: • Levamisole• Poly IC (Poly-inosinic-Poly-cytidyllic acid)Cytokines: (Can be actively induced or passively transferred)• Interferons• Interleukin 2 (IL2)• Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)

Induced in the Patient or Mouse: Non-Antigen-specific

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNHa) in Immunotherapy of Cancer (Passive or Active)

Adoptive Immunotherapy of Cancers(Passive: Donor to Recipient)

Non-Specific:• Lymphokine-activated Killer Cells (LAK Cells)\• Cytokines (TNF alpha; IL2; Interferon)

Specific: Molecular Transfer• Monoclonal Antibodies (antibodies are specific)

Specific: Cellular Transfer (antigen-specific)• Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TIL Cells)• Engineered Antigen-Presenting Cells (Dendritic

Cells)

Some Examples of Active, Specific Immunotherapy(Tumor Vaccines): Induced in the Patient

Unmodified Killed or Attenuated Tumor CellsUnmodified Tumor AntigensAltered Tumor Cells or Tumor Antigens• Lipidized Tumor Antigens• Chemically Derivatized Tumor Antigens• "Xenogenized" Tumor Cells (Virally-infected Cells)• Exposure of Cryptic AntigensAntigenic Peptides from Tumor Antigens

Autologous Tumor Cells Vaccine for Glioblastoma Multiforme

April , 2012

50% increase in survival time (48 weeks vs 33 weeks)Minimal side –reactions

40 Patients

http://gma.yahoo.com/brain-tumor-vaccine-shows-promise-early-trial-160209936.html

A phase 2 multicenter trial of about 40 patients with recurrent glioblastoma -- an aggressive brain cancer that typically kills patients within 15 months of diagnosis -- showed that the vaccine safely increased average survival to nearly 48 weeks, compared with about 33 weeks among patients who didn't receive the treatment. The six-month survival rate was 93 percent for the vaccinated group, compared with 68 percent for 86 other glioblastoma patients, who were treated with other therapies.

Applications of Monoclonal AntibodiesMonoclonal Antibody Diagnosis and Tumor-

Imaging• Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA)• Carcino-embryonic Antigen (CEA)• Colon Carcinoma A33 Antigen

Monoclonal Antibody Targeting• Immuno-toxins• Monoclonal antibodies directed to tumor cell

surface markers– Can inhibit the cancer cell function– Can target the cancer cell for destruction by the

immune response

Imaging on Metastatic Colon Carcinoma with Radioactive-Iodine-Labelled Monoclonal Ab to A33 AgLloyd Old, Scientific American, August, 1996, p. 138)

SeeMets

Arm

Head

Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibodies in Treatment of B-Cell Lymphoma/Leukemia

Rituxan#, Zevalin# (Yttrium 90 Radio-isotope Beta-emitter), and Bexxar* (Iodine-131 Radio-isotope Beta and Gamma Emitter)

# IDEC Pharmaceuticals. *Corixa and Glaxo Smith Kline)

Biotechnology and Clinical Applications of Monoclonalsin Cancer Medicine: Leukemia & Lymphoma Therapy

Rituxan: IDEC Pharmaceuticals Anti-CD20 Antibody Targeted to B-Cell Lymphoma (Chimeric Mouse CDR's with Human V-Framework and C-regions)

Zevalin: Millennium Pharmaceuticals Anti-CD20 for B-Cell Lymphoma with Radioactive Yttrium;

Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Bexxar: Anti-CD20 for B-Cell Lymphoma with Radioactive Iodine

Campath: Anti-CD52 for B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

(See page 141, Immunology, 6th Edition)

Biotechnology and Clinical Applications of Monoclonalsin Cancer Medicine: Carcinoma Therapies

Herceptin: Genentech Anti-HER2/Neu Growth Factor Receptor in Breast Cancer

Avastin: Antibody to Vascular-Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor (Anti-angiogenesis Therapy)

Erbitux

Antibody to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor

(See page 141, Immunology, 6th Edition)

Immunotoxins in Antibody-mediated Cancer Therapy

Class # 25! I made it!I am still here!

Yes N

o

50%50%1. Yes

2. No

0 of 94

ImmKinds

LLoyd Old, Sci. Amer.Aug, 1996p. 139

The Endless Mirrors 

What will remain when our days are done?What will matter when we are gone?

That we stalked the crumbled halls of power?Were known by men long lost to time?

Famed in some forgotten hour? 

Or that we wrote a song still sung?Penned a verse that touches souls?

Shaped a cure to solace fearsTo offer hope, to tarry death

for childhood’s child in endless years? 

Birthed a thought that sired ten more?Conceived a dream and passed it on?

Forged a link from gone to be,And shined our candle in the endless mirrors

That reflect forever down the halls of time. 

Tom Fondy 

(See tpfondy.mysite.syr.edu

A Lifetime of Thoughts on the Mystic Harp

“We’ll meet again.Don’t know where.Don’t know when”(Love Song from World War II)______________________________

Memories on the Mystic Harp  Hear the silent laughterFrom days no one remembers, Feel the warming raysOf a Sun that only set. They flit through the meadowsPlay hide-and-seek with chipmunks The spirits of children Of lovers never met.   

_________________________________Those never held in Time’s Embrace,Time cannot forget

Nor all of time togetherTheir precious like beget.

Hear the laughing childrenFrom the Land of the Never-Yet The spirits of childrenOf lovers never met. Play upon the mystic harpThe pensive longing chords, That search in vain for memoriesThat no one’s heart records.

See: “There Is Not More of Wonder”

With respect to the use of the Turning Point XR-Transmitter System

This response is set at anonymous. You will not be identified with your answer, only that you are responding.

1. This is a disaster! Forget about it!2. This system is not very good. It has a long

way to go to be a useful part of Biology courses, but it is worth working on.

3. The XR system is OK. It is worth keeping and using if you can make it work better.

4. The system was actually pretty cool. It made an important contribution to the standards in BIO 501.

5. The use of the XR system was an exciting advance in group communication in the classroom.

0 of 94