Immunization

COLLEGE OF NURSINGMADURAI MEDICAL COLLEGEMADURAI.Health education about immunization

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:Mrs. R.JEYASUNDARI M.Sc(N), M.A, M.Phil J. ABSAR HUSSAINHOD PADIATRIC DEPT. I YEAR M.SC NURSING CON, MMC.Mrs. N.MAHESWARI M.Sc(N)Faculty in child health nursing.

NAME OF THE STUDENT:Mr. J. ABSAR HUSSAINPROGRAMME: M.Sc.(N) II yearSUBJECT:Child Health NursingTOPIC: HEALTH EDUCATION ABOUT IMMUNIZATIONDATE:18 . 3 .13GROUP:MothersPLACE:Pediatric Medicine ward, GRH, MaduraiMETHOD OF TEACHING:Discussion cum demonstrationNAME OF THE EVALUATOR:Mrs. R.JEYASUNDARI M.Sc (N), M.A, M.PhilHOD PAEDIATRIC DEPT., Mrs. N.MAHESWARI M.Sc(N)Faculty in child health nursing ,CON ,MMC,Madurai

INTRODUCTION Immunization is a process of protecting an individual from a disease through introduction of live , or killed or attenuated organisms in the individual system. It is one of the best buys in community health and one of the most cost effective health interventions. Immunization against vaccine preventable diseases is essential to reduce the child mortality, and handicapped conditions. It is mass means of protecting the largest number of people from various diseases. It gives resistance to an infectious diseases by producing or augmenting the immunity. Artificially acquired immunity is developed by the immunization.

Central objective: The learners will be able to gain adequate knowledge about immunity& immunization and able to develop desirable attitudes and skills in applying this knowledge in the practice of nursing in various clinical and community settings. Contributory objectives:The learners will be able to; 1. define immunization & immunity.2. explain the types of immunity& immunizing agent.3. explain the National Immunization Schedule.4. enumerate the vaccines and its administration.5. brief out the maintenance of cold chain. 6. enlist the nurses responsibility of immunization..

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11 mitdefineImmunity & immunization. IMMUNITYImmunity refers to the ability of the human body to resist disease agents and their toxins through possession of antibodies. IMMUNIZATION.Immunization is a process of protecting an individual from a disease through introduction of live or killed or attenuated organisms in the individual system

Explain with the help of roller boardListening.

Answering. define immunization.

22mitexplain the types of immunity& Immunizing Agent.TYPES OF IMMUNITY & IMMUNIZATION AGENT.Types of immunity. Innate immunity.Physical barriers - skin and mucous membranesPhysiological factors - pH, temperature and oxygen tension limit microbial growthProtein secretions lysozyme, complement, interferons etcPhagocytic cells macrophages and polymorphonuclear leucocytes Acquire immunity.Associated with presence of antibodies from another immune animal or form exposure to the disease. it divided in to; Active immunity.Natural-subclinicalArtificial-induced by vaccination. Passive immunity.Natural-through placental Artificial-through antiserum injection.Immunization can be active or passive. Active immunization. Live Attenuated VaccinesBacterial-BCG, Typhoid, Plague.Viral-polio,mumps, Killed vaccines.Bacterial-pertusis, cholera,Viral- Rabies, Influenza, etc. Toxoid. Tetanus toxoid, DT.

Passive immunition.Human sera.Animal sera. Combied both active and passive immunization. Individual immunization.

Explain with the help of chartListening

Answering.What is innate immunity?

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32minExplain the National immunization scheduleNATIONAL IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE: AGEIMMUNIZATION

FOR INFANTS:At birthAt 6 weeksAt 10 weeksAt 14 weeksAt 9 monthsAt 16-24 monthsAt 5-6 yearsAt 10 and at 16 yearsBCG and OPV- o doseDPT-1, OPV 1 and Hepatitis B-1DPT-2, OPV 2 and Hepatitis B-2DPT-3, OPV 3 and Hepatitis B-3MeaslesDPT ,OPV and MeaslesDPTTT

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42mitEnumerate the administration of vaccines and dosageBCGBCG vaccine contains live, viable, attenuated mycobacteria. Dose Infants (12 months of age and younger): 0.05 mL (0.05 mg) Children (greater than 12 months of age) and adults: 0.1 mL (0.1 mg) Route of administration Reconstituted BCG vaccine should be administered by intradermal injection into the most superficial layers of the skin. The area over the deltoid muscle is the preferred administration site.

Help with pptlisteningEnumerate the vaccinataion


Storage Requirements

Store BCG vaccine in a refrigerator at +2 C to +8 C. Do not freeze. Store the reconstituted product in a refrigerator at +2 C to +8 C and use within 8 hours. Protect from light. Common and local adverse events Intradermal administration of BCG vaccine usually results in the development of erythema and either a papule or ulceration (in about 50%), followed by a scar at the immunization site. Keloid formation occurs in 2% to 4% of vaccine recipients. Non-suppurative regional lymphadenopathy occurs in 1% to 10%. Most reactions are generally mild and do not require treatment


POLIO VACCINATION :Oral polio vaccine, sabin vaccine is a live but attenuated virus. Storage is best done at 2-10o c. it is cheaper, easy to administer, helps to prevent establishment and spread of wild pathogenic polio virus in the community. Hence it is described as community medicine.Administration :OPV is administered as 2 drops directly into the mouth. This should be followed with the feeding of some water to ensure absolute ingestion of the vaccine.Breast feeding need not be skipped before and after OPV administration.


Pulse polio means simultaneous mass immunization of all infants and children under 5 years at a particular date i.e. National Immunization Day during winter (usually Dec-Jan) regardless of their immunization status. It is over and above the routine doses of OPV.Contraindications :It should be avoided in children suffering from severe diarrhea and an acute illness.Leukemia and other malignanciesHIVAdverse reactions:Mild diarrhea in case of over dose

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enumerate maintance of cold chainDPT VACCINATION :DPT (triple) vaccine offers combined prophylaxis against diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus. The vaccine is stored best at a temperature of 2-10oc.Administration:A dose of 0.25 0.5 ml of the triple vaccine is given deep intramuscularly over the lateral thigh or the deltoid.Contraindications:Severe reaction to previous DPT injectionProgressive neurologic disease.Adverse reactions:Fever and febrile convulsionLocal painful swelling

Maintance of cold chain.The cold chain is the system of transporting and storing vaccines within the safe temperature range of 2C to 8CIMPORTANCE OF COLD CHAIN Biological products lose potency with time Process irreversible and accelerated if proper storage conditions are not adhered to.THE EQIPMENTWalk in cold room Deep freezerand ice line refrigeratorSmall freezerCold boxesVaccine carrierDay carrierIce packs

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62mitEnlist the nurses responsibility for child immunization1. Motivation of general people about the importance of immunization and its benefits.2. Estimation of beneficiaries of the area and identification of non-participants and dropouts of immunization.3. Organization of immunization clinics at different health institutions, immunization camps, out-reach and home based services.4. Arrangement and maintenance of required amount of vaccines and other necessary equipments and materials for the particular immunization center or clinic.Help with HandoutReading and listeningList out any two nurses responsibility

Conclusion: The ideal vaccines should induce permanent immunity, be free of toxic substances, have minimal side effects, not produce disease to the recipient and be easy administer. From this health education the client, parents , public know the importance of immunization.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:Books :1. Achars (1989). Text book of Pediatics,2nd edition orient longman publications anna salai ,madras,2. Ghai O.P., Piysh Gupta, Paul. K.K. (2004) Ghai Essential pediatrics 6th edition New Delhi : CBS Publisher 3. Marilyn J.Hockenberry (2006). Wongs Essentials of pediatric nursing 7th edition New Delhi : Reed Elsevier India.4. Suraj Gupte (2009). The short text book of Pediatrics (11th Ed., New Delhi : Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers.5. Marlow(2008). Textbook of pediatric nursing 6th edition Elsevier publishers Philadelphia.6. Parul datas pediatric nursing 1st edition saunders publishers.7. A.Parthasarathys IAP Textbook of Pediatrics 4th edition Jaypee publishers.8. Adele Pillitteri Child Health Nursing Care of the child and family Lippincott publishers.9. Broadribbs Introductory Pediatric Nursing 7th edition Lippincott publishers.Net references:www.wikipedia.com

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1define immunity & immunizationIMMUNITYImmunity refers to the ability of the human body to resist disease agents and their toxins through possession of antibodies.

IMMUNIZATIONImmunization is a process of protecting an individual from a disease through introduction of live or killed or attenuated organisms in the individual systemTYPES OF IMMUNITYInnate immunity.Physical barriers - skin and mucous membranesPhysiological factors - pH, temperature and oxygen tension limit microbial growthProtein secretions lysozyme, complement, interferons etcPhagocytic cells macrophages and polymorphonuclear leucocytesAcquire immunity.Associated with presence of antibodies from another immune animal or form exposure to the disease.Again it divided in to; Active immunity.Natural-subclinicalArtificial-induced by vaccination. Passive immunity.Natural-through placental Artificial-through antiserum injection.

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Immunization