Immunity to harmonics, inter -harmonics and voltage ... · Flat-topped test waveforms based on clause 8.2.1 and figure 6 of 61000-4-13 where it is called the “harmonic combination

CONDUCTED RF EQUIPMENT POWER AMPLIFIERS

Immunity to harmonics, inter-harmonics and

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Immunity to harmonics, inter-harmonics and voltage ripples present in public power grids

IEC 61000-4-13 / -16 / -19

Daniel Spira – Product manager

Introduction

Harmonics and interharmonics immunity –IEC 61000-4-13

Common mode conducted immunity 0 to 150 kHz –IEC 61000-4-16

AgendaAgenda

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IEC 61000-4-16

Differential mode conducted immunity 2 to 150 kHz –IEC 61000-4-19

Outlook – which changes lay ahead?

Introduction Harmonics and interharmonics immunity –

IEC 61000-4-13


AgendaAgenda

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IEC 61000-4-16



> Ametek CTS> Ametek CTS

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Over 50 years of EMC experience

300 employees in 9 countries on 3 continents

4 production facilities : CH / D / UK / USA

8 service & support centers

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> Speaker information > Speaker information –– Daniel Daniel SpiraSpira

Master of Science in Microengineering, EPFL, Lausanne

Quality engineer, Swatch Group - EM Microelectronic

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R&D and Project Manager, Leister Process Technologies

Master of Business Administration, China Europe International Business School, Shanghai

Product Manager Conducted EMC, TESEQ AG / AMETEK CTSMember of IEC National Comittee CES/TK 77A

Introduction



AgendaAgenda

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IEC 61000-4-16



IEC 61000IEC 61000--44--1313

Status :Status :

Ed. 1.1 : 2009-07 CSV

AMD1 : 2009-05

Ed. 1.0 : 2002-03

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> Source > Source ofof currentcurrent harmonicsharmonics

IEC 61000IEC 61000--44--1313

Linear system :

90 180

270 360

U,I

IZn

R

U

I

∼

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Non-Linear system (e.g. DC rectifier) :

IEC 61000-4-13 defines the immunity test methods and test levels for electrical and electronic equipment with rated current up to 16 A per phase at disturbance frequencies up to and including 2 kHz (for 50 Hz mains) and 2,4 kHz (for 60 Hz mains) for harmonics and interharmonics .

The levels proposed are more adapted for residential, commercial and light industry environments. For heavy industrial environments the product committees are responsible for the definition of a class X with the necessary levels.

Harmonic disturbances are generally caused by equipment

> STANDARD IEC/EN 61000> STANDARD IEC/EN 61000--44--1313

IEC 61000IEC 61000--44--1313

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Harmonic disturbances are generally caused by equipment with non-linear voltage–current characteristics or by periodicand line synchronised switching of loads (controlled anduncontrolled rectifiers, especially with capacitive smoothingand phase controlled equipment).

The main sources of interharmonics are indirect and directstatic frequency converters, welding machines and a rc furnaces .

The harmonic and interharmonics currents from the different sources produce harmonic voltage drops across the impedance of the network.

Flat-topped: Very common caused by rectifier capacitor loads.

Ripple control system is a well proven technology to control consumer loads such as heating for the optimization of the grid load and to control street lighting over a wide area and to remote control energy meter tariffs.

The frequency range of such ripple control signals is in the range between 110Hz and 3 kHz and usually applied as interharmonics . The feed in into the low, medium or high voltage grid is ensured via coupling devices. The generators of such ripple control signals can develop an energy up to hundreds kVA (100 kVA).

> > SourcesSources ofof disturbancedisturbance

IEC 61000IEC 61000--44--1313

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Feed in of ripple control signal e.g. in the medium-voltage power grid

Host computer Ripple control receiver e.g. for the public illumination

Source: Elster

Ripple control in public mains supply

> > Example of test setExample of test set--up for singleup for single--phase equipmentphase equipment

IEC 61000IEC 61000--44--1313


Flat Curve

Over swing

Frequency Sweep

A1

A2

B

> The > The sixsix basicbasic teststests ofof IEC 61000IEC 61000--44--1313

IEC 61000IEC 61000--44--1313


Individual Harmonics with defined testlevel

Interharmonics with defined testlevel

Meister curve test

Tests as per. Flowchart

C1

C2

D

Flat-topped test waveforms based on clause 8.2.1 and figure 6

of 61000-4-13 where it is called the

“harmonic combination test, flat curve waveshape”

The rms value of the tested

> > Test A1 “Flat Test A1 “Flat curvecurve””

IEC 61000IEC 61000--44--1313


The rms value of the tested waveform must correspond to the nominal mains voltage . Therefore the flat sinus must be adapted to 230V rms.

(Table 7 IEC 61000-4-13)

Function

(part 1 and 3) Voltage

(part 1 and 3) Function

(part 2) Voltage

(part 2) Class

0 <sin(ωt)< 0.95 u= U1 x√2 x sin (ωt) 0.95 <sin(ωt)< 1 u=±0.95 x U1 x√2 1



0 <sin(ωt)< X u= U1 x√2 x sin (ωt) X <sin(ωt)< 1 u=± X x U1 x√2 X

h 3 5 Class

% of U1 4% / 180° 3% / 0° 1

% of U1 6% / 180° 4% / 0° 2

% of U1 8% / 180° 5% / 0° 3

> > Test A2 “Over swing“ Test A2 “Over swing“

IEC 61000IEC 61000--44--1313


Harmonically distorted test waveforms from clause 8.2.1 and figure 7 of EN 61000-4-13 where it is called the

“harmonic combination test, over swing waveshape”

% of U1 8% / 180° 5% / 0° 3

% of U1 X / 180° X / 0° X (table 8 IEC 61000-4-13)

Characteristics of the test generator : A phase shift must be possible with an accuracy of ± 2°.

Harmonic voltages at a test level of >= 3 %, up to the 9th harmonic, shall be applied using a phase shift of both 0°/ 180°with respect to the positive zero-crossing of the fundamental.

Test levels:It is essential that the r.m.s. voltage of the resultant waveforms remain at the nominal value during the application of these tests by

> Test > Test generatorgenerator (AC Source)(AC Source)

IEC 61000IEC 61000--44--1313


value during the application of these tests by adjusting the voltage values of fundamental and harmonics according to the percentages indicated in the corresponding tables (for example 230 V r.m.s., 120 V r.m.s.).

Verification of the characteristics of the generato r: The generator output characteristics shall be verified at the terminals of the source prior to

the test . For this purpose, the terminal voltage shall be monitored by a harmonic analyzer per IEC 61000-4-7, accuracy class A.

The maximum harmonic voltage distortion of the generator shall be in accordance with IEC 61000-3-2 (when no harmonic/inter-harmonic is selected).

1- PH Sources :

> > TestingTesting devicesdevices : Programmable AC: Programmable AC--SourcesSources

IEC 61000IEC 61000--44--1313

EM Test : NetWave TESEQ : NSG 1007 (ProfLine)


3- PH Sources :

EM Test : NetWave3-90 kVA ; 360 VAC/500 VDC ; DC-5 kHz

TESEQ : NSG 1007 (ProfLine)3-45 kVA ; 400 VAC ; DC-905 Hz

IEC 61000-3-2, -3-12 : Harmonics emission

IEC 61000-3-3, -3-11 : Flicker emission

IEC 61000-4-8 : Power frequency magnetic field immunity [ProfLine Option 8]

IEC 61000-4-11 : Dips & interrupts immunity (AC, ≤16 A per phase) [ProfLine Option 11]

IEC 61000-4-13 : Harmonics & Interharmonics immunity

IEC 61000-4-14 : Voltage fluctuation immunity

> > Covered Standards :Covered Standards :


IEC 61000-4-14 : Voltage fluctuation immunity

IEC 61000-4-17 : Ripple on D.C. input power port immunity

IEC 61000-4-27 : Unbalance immunity

IEC 61000-4-28 : Variation of power frequency immunity

IEC 61000-4-29 : Dips & interrupts immunity (DC)

IEC 61000-4-34 : Dips & interrupts immunity (AC, >16 A per phase) [ProfLine Option 11]

MIL/Avionics : RTCA/DO-160 ; MIL-STD 704 ; Boeing ; Airbus [Options]

Introduction


Common mode conducted immunity 0 to 150 kHz – IEC 61000-4-16

AgendaAgenda


0 to 150 kHz – IEC 61000-4-16 Differential mode conducted immunity 2 to 150 kHz –

IEC 61000-4-19


> Immunity standards overview> Immunity standards overview

IEC 61000IEC 61000--44--1616

Imm uni ty

Conduc ted LF

DC, 15 Hz -

150 kHz

up to 300 V,

2 - 150 kHz DM

Radiated RF

80 MHz -6 G Hz

3, 10 V/m

80% A M 1 kHz

Conduc ted RF

150 kHz -

80 (230) MHz

1, 3, 10 V EMF

80% A M 1 kHz

Power quality

Dips

Ring wave

Harmonics

V. fluc tuation

Ripple an DC

ESD

EFT/ Burst

Sur ge

Pu lsed H Field

Power freq.

Im puls e

Da mped sine


EN 6100 0-4-16

EN 6100 0-4-19

EN 6100 0-4-3

EN 6100 0-4-20

EN 6100 0-4-21

(EN 6100 0-4-22)

EN 6100 0-4-6EN 6100 0-4-11

EN 6100 0-4-12

EN 6100 0-4-13

EN 6100 0-4-14

EN 6100 0-4-17

EN 6100 0-4-18

EN 6100 0-4-27

EN 6100 0-4-28

EN 6100 0-4-29

EN 6100 0-4-34

Ripple an DC

Oscil. wave

Unbalance

Freq. variation

EN 6100 0-4-2

EN 6100 0-4-4

EN 6100 0-4-5

EN 6100 0-4-8

EN 6100 0-4-9

EN 6100 0-4-10

NSG 4060 NSG 4060-1

NSG 4070ITS 6006

IEC 61000IEC 61000--44--1616

Status :Status :

Ed. 1.2 : 2011-05 CSV

AMD2 : 2009-07

Ed. 1.1 : 2002-07 CSV

AMD1 : 2001-07

Ed. 1.0 : 1998-01


> Disturbance sources > Disturbance sources & victims& victims

IEC 61000IEC 61000--44--1616

Ground lines are made of series resistors and inductors. The CM currents generates over the series impedance of the grounding conductor voltage drops , which are the source of the common mode interference .

Voltages and currents are superposed with all kinds of interference .


Voltage drops in the Earth conductors caused by the interference of CM in supply lines leading to disturbances in signal and data cable.

kinds of interference .

Leakage current through filter burden the earth wire.

> Disturbance sources & victims> Disturbance sources & victims

IEC 61000IEC 61000--44--1616

DC (0 Hz) DC-power supplies in industrial plants and electric systems as in telephone distribution centers can generate DC Common Mode interferences. In particular if the positive or negative pole is connected to Ea rth .

Telecom Standby Batterysystem in Zürich48V 5000Ah Source: Oerlikon


16 2/3 Hz Railway networks generates disturbances on the railway-frequency caused by the return currents in the earth . The return current to the sub-station is in general, each 1/3 through the rail, in the earth wire and as earth current in the soil .

> > CommonCommon--mode (CM) mode (CM) testingtesting <150 kHz<150 kHz

IEC 61000IEC 61000--44--1616

IEC 61000-4-16

Continuous test Short time test 1 s

Sweep test 15 Hz to 150 kHzTest at mains frequency DC, 162/3 Hz, 50 Hz or 60 Hz


Continuous test

up to 30 V

Short time test 1 s

up to 300 V

Level 15 Hz-150 Hz 150 Hz-1.5 kHz 1.5 kHz-15 kHz 15 kHz-150 kHz

1 1 – 0.1 0.1 0.1 – 1 1

2 3 – 0.3 0.3 0.3 – 3 3

3 10 – 1 1 1 – 10 10

4 30 – 3 3 3 – 30 30

x x x x x

> Common> Common--mode (CM) disturbances & testingmode (CM) disturbances & testing

IEC 61000IEC 61000--44--1616


Coupling network

Decoupling network

> Related IEC & EN standards> Related IEC & EN standards

IEC 61000IEC 61000--44--1616

Disturbance Disturbance sourcesource ::

IEC 61543 Residual Current Protective Device (RCDs) for household and similar use

IEC 60255-22-7 Electrical relays - Part 22-7: Electrical disturbance tests for measuring relays and protection equipment - Power frequency immunity tests

IEC 60533/ Electrical and electronic installations in ships -IEC 60945 Electromagnetic compatibility


IEC 60945 Electromagnetic compatibility

EN 61326-3-1 Electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use - EMC requirements - Part 3-1: Immunity requirements for safety-related systems and for equipment intended to perform safety-related functions (functional safety) - General industrial applications Level 3

IEC 61850-3 Communication networks and systems in substations - Part 3: General requirements:- E.g. Industrial ethernet- Required up to level 4 with 30 V cont. and 300 V for 1 s

> Example : Product standard IEC 61543> Example : Product standard IEC 61543

IEC 61000IEC 61000--44--1616

Residual current-operated protective devices (RCDs) for household and similar use RCD = Residual Current Protective Device


> Solutions :> Solutions :

IEC 61000IEC 61000--44--1616


TESEQ : NSG 4060EM Test : CWS 500N4

Introduction



AgendaAgenda


IEC 61000-4-16

Differential mode conducted immunity 2 to 150 kHz – IEC 61000 -4-19


IEC 61000IEC 61000--44--1919

Status :Status :

Ed. 1.0 : 2014-05

Stability date : 2017


> Disturbance sources & victims> Disturbance sources & victims

IEC 61000IEC 61000--44--1919

DisturbanceDisturbance sourcessources :: Inverters (e.g. elevator drives, ski lift drives, PV installations); Smart meters with PLC data transmission; Switched mode power supplies (e.g. in compact lamps, computers, TVs); UPS; Variable speed drives (e.g. heat pumps); DVD players


VictimsVictims –– withwith degradeddegraded performanceperformance oror malfunctionmalfunction :: Smart meters with PLC data transmission, solid state meters; Touch-dimmer lamps (TDL); Communication systems (e.g. Ethernet-system, routers); Contactless card readers, credit card terminals; Alarm systems; Electronic controls (e.g. in heating systems, street lighting); Household appliances (e.g. coffee machines, ceramic hobs, washing machines)

> > DifferentialDifferential--mode (DM) mode (DM) testingtesting <150 kHz<150 kHz

IEC 61000IEC 61000--44--1919

IEC 61000-4-19

Current testingVoltage testing


CW pulses

with pause

Rectangularly

modulated pulses

CW pulses

with pause

Rectangularly

modulated pulses

Testing electricity meters

> > Test Test levelslevels

IEC 61000IEC 61000--44--1919

Open circuit output voltage (r.m.s.)Profile :

Short circuit output current (r.m.s.)Profile :

Level 2 kHz-9 kHz 9 kHz-95 kHz 95 kHz-150 kHz

1 0.5 0.5 to 0.1 0.1

2 3 3 to 0.6 0.6

3 12 12 to 2.4 2.4

4 20 20 to 10 10

x Special Special Special

Level 2 kHz- 30 kHz 30 kHz-150 kHz

- Frequency step : ∆ 2% of previous setting

- Step duration : min. 3 s


Profile :

Example : Fi = 2 kHzT dwell = 3 sT pause = 300 ms

Level 2 kHz- 30 kHz 30 kHz-150 kHz

1 1 0.5

2 2 1

3 3 1.5

4 4 2

x Special Special

- Frequency step : ∆ 2% of previous setting

- Step duration : min. 3 s

> Differential> Differential--mode (DM) disturbances & testingmode (DM) disturbances & testing

IEC 61000IEC 61000--44--1919


Coupling to a.c. power ports only

> Example for testing an electricity meter (EN 50579)> Example for testing an electricity meter (EN 50579)

IEC 61000IEC 61000--44--1919


> Test equipment : IEC 61000> Test equipment : IEC 61000--44--16 16 vsvs --44--1919

IEC 61000IEC 61000--44--1919

IEC 61000-4-16

NSG 4060 + NSG 4060-1

DC 15 Hz 150 kHz

IEC 61000-4-19

NSG 4060

(15 Hz) 2 kHz 150 kHz


DC 15 Hz 150 kHz

Coupling networks CN series

Isolation transformer ITF series

(15 Hz) 2 kHz 150 kHz

Coupling decoupling networks CDND(Voltage testing)

Current transformer CT(Current testing)

Introduction



AgendaAgenda




IEC 61000-4-13 : Ed. 1.0 Amend. 2 ; Status: CDV Review of chapter 4.1.3 Mains signaling (ripple control) ; extended frequency

range from min. 110 Hz down to 100 Hz Review of chapter 5.2 Test levels for interharmonics and mains signalling Review of chapter 8.2.4 Application of the Meister curve Meister curve test

Table 11 changed to fix frequency ranges (16.5 – 2400 Hz)

IEC 61000-4-16 : Ed. 2.0 (Amend. 3 to Ed.1) ; Status: FDIS (voting to 2015-11)

> Outlook > Outlook –– changes in workchanges in work


IEC 61000-4-16 : Ed. 2.0 (Amend. 3 to Ed.1) ; Status: FDIS (voting to 2015-11) Added reference to IEC 61000-4-19 Added definition of Source impedance of the test generator Revised : Source impedance : Voc/Isc = 50 Ω, with a relative tolerance of ± 10 %. Verification of test generator : generator impedance deleted Replaced Figure 3 & 4

IEC 61000-4-19 : Ed. 1.0 ; Status: stable Published 2014-05 Stability date : 2017

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Thank you for your attention

Documents

Immunity to harmonics, inter -harmonics and voltage ... · Flat-topped test waveforms based on clause 8.2.1 and figure 6 of 61000-4-13 where it is called the “harmonic combination