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IMMUNIZATION
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IMMUNIZATION
• Definition according to WHO
– Immunization is the rocess !here"# a
erson is made immune or resistant to an
infectious disease$ t#ica%%# "# theadministration of a
&accine
– 'accines stimu%ate the "od#(s o!n immune
s#stem to rotect the erson againstsu"se)uent infection or
disease
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• +hi%dhood immunization has mar,ed%#reduced the imact of ma-or
infectiousdiseases
• T!o categories of immunization – Acti&e
immunization – induced immunit# "#
&accination !ith a &accine or to.oid/inacti&ated
to.in0
– assi&e immunization – trans%acenta%transfer of
materna% anti"odies and theadministration of anti"od#$ either
asimmunog%o"u%in or monoc%ona% anti"od#
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• Acti&e immunit#3 Who%e or arts of
microorganisms administered to re&ent
an infectious disease4 'accine t#es
inc%ude3 – Who%e inacti&ated microorganisms /e4g44 o%io
and He A0
– arts of the organism /e4g44 Ace%%u%ar ertussis$ H'$ He
50
– o%#saccharide casu%es /neumococca%$ meningococca%0
– o%#saccharide casu%es con-ugated to rotein carriers
/Hi"$
neumococca%$ meningococca% con-ugate &accines0
– 6i&e attenuated organisms /meas%es$ mums$ ru"e%%a$
&arice%%a$
rota&irus$ %i&e attenuated inf%uenza &accines0
– To.oids /tetanus$ dihtheria0
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• assi&e immunit#3 administration of reformedanti"odies to
induce transient rotection againstan infectious agent4 Indications
for assi&eimmunit# are as fo%%o!s3 – ro&ide rotection
to immunodeficient chi%dren !ith 58%#mhoc#te
defects !ho ha&e difficu%ties ma,ing anti"odies –
ersons e.osed to infectious diseases or !ho are at imminent ris,
of
e.osure !here there is no ade)uate time for them to de&e%o
an acti&eimmune resonse to a &accine
– Thera# for an infectious disease /e4g44 5otu%ism$
dihtheria0
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• T#es of &accination
– 6i&e attenuated &iruses /meas%es$ mums$
ru"e%%a$ &arice%%a$ nasa% inf%uenza0
– Inacti&ated or ,i%%ed &iruses /o%io$
heatitis A$
intramuscu%ar inf%uenza0
– :ecom"inant roducts /heatitis 5$ human
ai%%oma&irus0
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+OMMON +HI6DHOOD 'A++IN
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+OMMON +HI6DHOOD 'A++IN
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Indications for &accines not
on the MOH schedu%e
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