Nativism a policy of favoring native inhabitants as opposed to
immigrants First targeted Irish (Catholic) immigrants Next focused
on Asian immigrants Then Eastern and Southern European
immigrants
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1870 Naturalization Act Limits American citizenship to "white
persons and persons of African descent Specifically established to
discriminate against Asians
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Hands off, Gentlemen! America means fair play for all men.
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1882 Chinese Exclusion Act Ended Chinese immigration for
10-year period Argument was based on loss of jobs to lower-paid
Chinese workers, called coolies Chinese had largely built western
half of transcontinental railroad Were willing to work for less
money and do difficult jobs
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The New Colossus Not like the brazen giant of Greek fame, With
conquering limbs astride from land to land; Here at our sea-washed,
sunset gates shall stand A mighty woman with a torch, whose flame
Is the imprisoned lightning, and her name Mother of Exiles. From
her beacon-hand Glows world-wide welcome; her mild eyes command The
air-bridged harbor that twin cities frame. "Keep ancient lands,
your storied pomp!" cries she With silent lips. "Give me your
tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The
wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless,
tempest-tost to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door!"
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New European Immigrants Around 1880, large numbers of Eastern
and Southern Europeans begin arriving in America Darker skin
Different religions (Jews, Catholics, Orthodox) Tended to be
poorer, less educated than Northern and Western European
immigrants
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Assimilation vs Seclusion Assimilation becoming part of the
culture Speaking English, eating different food, wearing the same
clothes Younger immigrants and second wave immigrants tended to
assimilate Seclusion Maintain old ways, old language, traditional
diet and dress Older immigrants or those who were able to find work
with a proprietor of the same culture
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McKinley Assassination 1901 Polish-American anarchist killed
President McKinley 1903 Anarchist Exclusion Act passed First time
political ideas could be used to prevent entrance to America
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1901 - 1910 Nearly 9,000,000 immigrants came to America during
the decade About 12,000,000 in the previous 40 years
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Urban Living the tenements
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Jacob Riis Photographer who worked to expose the conditions of
tenements and immigrants Danish immigrant Published How the Other
Half Lives in 1889 Known as a muckraker
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Jane Addams Founded Hull-House Settlement house Settlement
houses typically attracted educated, native born, middle-class and
upper-middle class women and men, known as residents, to live
(settle) in poor urban neighborhoods Provided services to poor
residents, worked for better treatment of immigrants Won Nobel
Peace Prize in 1931
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1901 Tenement House Act Established Tenement House Commission
Meant to oversee regulations Ventilation Sewage/Plumbing/Toilets
Light Overcrowding Not well enforced, opposed strongly by
landlords