Immigration study guide

Immigration Study guide

1. gave free public land in the west to anyone willing to live on and cultivate the land for 5 years.

2. African Americans called Exodusters and Southerners moved west for opportunities

3. cowboys would “drive” cattle across the west, Brought to an end by expansion of railroads and barbed wire-(ranches)

• 4. Forcible removal of Indians continued throughout the 19th century.

• Conflicts with Plains Indians-• **1876-Little Big Horn, Montana-George

Custer, Sitting Bull, and Crazy Horse• Wounded Knee, South Dakota- ended Native

American resistance on the Great Plains.• GHOST DANCE thought to be a war dance• ***Almost 300 old men, women, and children

killed by the U.S. military

• 5. BY EARLY 20TH CENTURY ALL STATES IN THE CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES HAD BEEN ADMITTED.

• *Arizona-last 1912.

6. Before 1871- from Northern and Western Europe (Germany, England, Ireland, Norway, Sweden)

– After 1870-1921- Southern and Eastern Europe (Italy, Greece, Poland, Russia, Hungary, Yugoslavia) as well as Asia (China and Japan) Ellis Island-NEW YORK CITY-Statue of Liberty(before Castle Garden) China and Japan• Angel Island-SAN FRANCISCO, CA

7. RELIGIOUS AND POLITICAL FREEDOMECONOMIC OPPORTUNITYBETTER LIVES FOR FAMILIES

8. WORK CONDITIONS– Low wages and long hours– Dangerous working conditionsDISCRIMINATION-faced hardship and hostility– Differing cultures and religions clashed with earlier

immigrants-NATIVISM– Competition for jobs

• 9. Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882• *Immigration Restriction Act of 1921• Gentlemen’s Agreement-1907-limited

Japanese immigration

10. Shortage of housing and need for public works such as sewer, water systems, trash service, and public transportation

NYC subway- world’s first subway

Streetcars and trolleys

Skyscrapers symbolize cities-used steel, elevators

11. Natural resources and navigable

rivers, Migration from farms to cities

Government support for business, Cheap labor from immigrants

12. Bessemer Process-Henry Bessemer

– Better, Cheaper SteelCyrus McCormick Reaper

Thomas Alva Edison- “Wizard of Menlo Park”

Electric light bulb– World’s first electric power plant

Alexander Graham Bell-RING, RING– Telephone

Wilbur and Orville Wright-FLIGHT– First piloted flight of an airplane (in Kitty Hawk)

Henry Ford- assembly line process and cars

• 13. Andrew Carnegie– Steel

• J.P. Morgan– Banking and Finance

• John D. Rockefeller – Oil

• Cornelius Vanderbilt– Railroads

14. POST CIVIL WAR-MAINLY IN THE NORTH

15. Supreme Court ruled that separate but equal did not violate 14th amendment• 16. Separate but Equal”

– laws that limited freedoms of African Americans

– forced separation in public places for whites and blacks

17. African Americans out of the South and into northern cities in search of jobs and to escape poverty and discrimination in the South

18. Led an anti-lynching campaign/investigative reporter-called on the government to take action

19. Believed in vocational education and equality through economic success*Willing to accept social separation-believed in GRADUAL approach to end segregation• Founded Tuskegee Institute

20. Believed that education was meaningless without equality. Leader of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

– 21. Used government to reform problems created by the Industrial Revolution GOALS:

1. Guaranteed economic opportunities through government regulation

2. Elimination of social injustices3. Government controlled by the people

22. WORKING CONDITIONS FOR LABOR• EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN

• DANGEROUS WORKING CONDITIONS

• LONG HOURS. LOW WAGES, NO JOB SECURITY, NO BENEFITS

• CHILD LABOR

• COMPANY TOWNS

EXCESSES OF GILDED AGE

• INCOME DIFFERENCES-RICH VS POOR

23. Local level• Commissioners and city managers in cities,

National Elections– Use of the secret ballot– Primary elections

• 17th Amendment-direct election of senators In state Governments– Initiative—law originates with people – Referendum—proposed law voted on by the people– Recall –removing public official from office-vote of the

people

24. Child labor laws• Limited work hours• Regulated work conditions-EX. The

Jungle-Upton Sinclair-led to the MEAT INSPECTION ACT

• MUCKRAKERS – JOURNALISTS WHO EXPOSED THESE ISSUES AND LAWS WERE CHANGED AS A RESULT.

25. Sherman Anti-Trust Act-PREVENTS MONOPOLIES (restraint of trade)

Clayton Anti-Trust Act-OUTLAWS PRICE FIXING and EXPANDED ON SHERMAN ANTI-TRUST

– 26. Knights of Labor-ACCEPTED SKILLED AND UNSKILLED LABOR and ACCEPTED AFRICAN AMERICANS. American Federation of Labor(AFL) (Samuel Gompers) Industrial Ladies’ Garment Workers Union (ILGWU)

–American Railway Union -ARU (Eugene Debs)

• 27. Strikes:• HAYMARKET STRIKE• HOMESTEAD STRIKE• PULLMAN STRIKE

28. TEDDY ROOSEVELT’S PROGRESSIVE PROGRAM

CALLED “SQUARE DEAL”*MEAT INSPECTION ACT*PURE FOOD AND DRUG ACT*CONSERVATION

28. WOODROW WILSON’S PROGRESSIVE PROGRAM

CALLED “NEW FREEDOM”

*FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION(FTC)

*CLAYTON ANTI-TRUST ACT*FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM*19TH AMENDMENT

29. 19TH AMENDMENT• 30. Began entering the workforce

in larger numbers during World War I

• Forerunner of modern protest movement