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Immigration Images and Realities. Lee Baxter, Dustin Brooks, Lena Chiang, Lindsay Dilworth, Julianna Landry, Jay Lee, Luis Manzo, Maraia McGary, Phaydra Mutch-Geiger, Jackie Phan, Sara Pierie, Margaret Rogers, Lindsay Rozee, Lance Sasser, Michael Thyken, Alycia Werthan, Ryan Westhusing. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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ImmigrationImages and Realities
Lee Baxter, Dustin Brooks, Lena Chiang, Lindsay Dilworth, Julianna Landry, Jay Lee, Luis Manzo, Maraia McGary, Phaydra Mutch-Geiger, Jackie Phan, Sara Pierie, Margaret Rogers, Lindsay Rozee, Lance Sasser, Michael Thyken, Alycia Werthan, Ryan Westhusing
Introduction
•Asian-American: Common Differences
•Asian Americans & The Model Minority
•Asian American Movement 1980’s & 1990’s
•Latino’s in the U.S
•Resistance
Asian American Common Differences
Who are these groups? How does the history of their immigration
shape their differences?
“Asian Americans were systematically stripped of theirpolitical, economic, cultural, and citizen rights” (Bob Wing, 2005).
Korean Americans
First wave arrives in 1903 Pursue the American dream Immigration Law 1965 Ethnic enclave Struggle
Japanese American Immigrants
WWII Pearl Harbor 1890 First arrival because of Japans
dependency on the West. Effects and aftermath – Redress Movement
Immigration Process and West Indians
Student Visas Selective Immigration process Myth of West Indians
Vietnamese Immigration
Spring 1975 – first wave (ship/ air lift). Different refuge centers throughout the U.S. The fall of Saigon
In America-
Mainstream Unwelcome Ethnic Enclaves Reunification
Chinese Immigration
First wave arrived in 1848 arrived for Gold Rush.
Economic instability (ex. Poverty and lifestyle) Effects and aftermath- The naturalization, Chinese and
Walter-McCarren Act passed 2000 Census of Chinese Immigrants
– 1,314,537 have migrated– 39.8% growth rate
Whites Blacks Hispanics/Latinos
NativeAmericans
AsianIndians
Cambodian,Hmong,
or LaotianNot Proficient in English 0.7 0.8 30.3 2.6 8.4 44.3
Less than High School 15.3 29.1 48.5 27.4 12.6 52.7
College Degree 25.3 13.6 9.9 10.8 64.4 9.2
Advanced Degree 3.0 1.2 1.6 0.9 12.5 0.4
Median Personal Income $23,640 $16,300 $14,400 $14,500 $26,000 $16,000
Median Family Income $48,500 $33,300 $36,000 $32,240 $69,470 $43,850
Living in Poverty 9.4 24.9 21.4 25.1 8.2 22.5
Public Assistance 1.3 4.5 3.5 6.1 0.9 9.9
Married, Spouse Present 64.5 38.0 56.3 50.2 74.9 66.6
Homeowner 78.2 54.4 52.4 64.2 56.8 53.3
In Labor Force 63.6 59.8 61.5 61.2 71.0 58.8
High Skill Occupation 21.4 12.3 9.6 11.9 51.6 9.8
Median SEI Score 47.0 44.0 26.0 44.0 65.0 18.0
Chinese Filipinos Japanese Koreans PacificIslanders
Vietnamese
Not Proficient in English 31.3 7.0 10.0 32.9 7.1 40.4
Less than High School 23.6 13.1 9.5 13.8 21.7 37.8
College Degree 46.3 42.8 40.8 43.6 13.6 13.8
Advanced Degree 8.5 4.3 4.6 5.6 1.6 2.5
Median Personal Income $20,000 $23,000 $26,000 $16,300 $19,100 $16,000
Median Family Income $58,300 $65,400 $61,630 $48,500 $50,000 $51,500
Living in Poverty 13.1 6.9 8.6 15.5 16.7 13.8
Public Assistance 1.8 1.6 0.9 1.6 4.4 4.8
Married, Spouse Present 67.1 62.7 60.7 69.0 61.4 61.2
Homeowner 65.7 67.6 70.8 51.9 48.1 60.0
In Labor Force 65.1 68.3 58.0 62.0 67.4 63.5
High Skill Occupation 41.9 29.7 32.0 27.0 13.8 22.6
Median SEI Score 65.0 46.0 62.0 52.0 38.0 32.0
Socioeconomic Characteristics of Asian & Other Racial/Ethnic Groups
Asian Americans & The model Minority
Model Minority myth- all other minority groups should follow the lead and example of the one supreme minority group. The Model Minority is defined as a bright shining example of hard work and patience whose example other minority
groups should follow.
Model Minority continued..
Model Minority myth is based primarily on statistics.
Do statistics lie? Myth of Asian Success
– Genetic Advantages?– Cultural Traditions?
“Success Story of One Minority Group in U.S.”
Origins of the term Model Minority Created in the 1960’s U.S. News and world report
– Work ethics – Highly intellectual minds
Exploitation of Chinese Americans
Today’s immigrants from Asia
Middle class immigrants vs. refugees Consequences of the model minority myth. Whites vs. Asian Americans Overall Impacts
Asian American movement 1980’s & 1990’s
Asian American Movements Pre-1980’s
Asian American population grew due to reform of immigration laws
More Asian Americans in poverty and more hate crimes
More Asian Americans enrolling in universities
Organized successful grassroots organizations
Impacts of Movements prior to 1980
Proud of Asian culture Accelerated desegregation of the suburbs
with middle-class Asian Americans Moving into predominately white suburbs Young Asian Americans gained access to
higher education – greater numbers enrolling in universities including elite universities
Possible Reasons Asian Americans were able to make such progress
Cultures emphasis on education/Family values/community cohesion
Structural changes in Gov. policy and changes in global economy
Grassroots organizations able to last into the 1980’s Many were small business owners which gave access
to “start up capital” Rise in number on young Asian American professionals
due to the removal of quotas at universities and more job opportunities for middle-class people of color
Increased Number of Neo-Conservatist Professionals
Born during the Regan-Bush ear Experienced a time period of class and racial
polarization. Emphasize individual advancement through higher
education Proud to be Asian American and speak out against
racism Belief in ending affirmative action will result in ending
racism Oppose minority quotas admitted to universities Belief that lack of advancement for other groups of
color are due to their culture
Chinese Progressive Association (CPA)
Founded in 1977, composed primarily of Chinese immigrants, most are workers in low-wage industries.
Main Focus : Is on workers and improving their living and working conditions.
Asian Immigrant Women Advocates (AIWA)
Founded in 1983, it is a community-based organization.
Main Focus: To empower low-income, limited -English-speaking Asian immigrant women in their homes and their work places.
Korean Immigrant Worker Advocates (KIWA)
Founded in 1982, it is focused on low-income Korean immigrants in Los Angeles' Korea town
Main Focus: Bringing labor issues to the forefront of the Asian American community, educating labor unions about the needs of Asian American workers, and forming coalitions with other forces in the city to deal with interethnic tensions
The Future Vera Cruz
Manong generation: came in the early twentieth century and worked in restaurants, fields, and hotels
United Farm Workers (UFW): he helped develop the organization and now is the vice president
Empowerment: Vera Cruz has defined the word empowerment as the “expansion of democracy for the many”. He also says that empowerment is not for an elite group of people. It is up the people to join together and develop their own ideas and then have leadership build from there.”
Cruz’s movement for liberation
Compassion/solidarity/commitment “whiz kids”: growing poor population,
increase of non excelling students, and large number of family owned businesses not making it
Need for change
Latinos in the U.S.
Who are the new immigrants (as compared with historical figures)?
Where are the new destinations of these immigrants? Why have most changed choice of destination
(changed cities)? What immigration patterns have there been in Oregon?
New Destinations
Where are the new destinations? Changed cities Patterns in Oregon
Latinos in the U.S. Continued…
What is the growth rate of native born Hispanics vs. foreign born Hispanics?
How many undocumented workers are there in Oregon?
What is the rate of growth of these undocumented workers?
What do we believe is the main underlying cause of immigration into the U.S.?
Latino Immigration
Immigration has been thought to be a direct result from the push factors from people’s home country.
Economic factors largely influence the numbers of immigrants flowing into the U.S.
When unemployment in the U.S. hit a record low at 3.9% immigration was at its peak.
At the highest unemployment rate the Mexican immigration was at its 15 year low.
Latinos in the U.S. conclusion
We have shown many graphs and tables made up of raw statistics from three major sources.
The statistics have shown us where most of the immigrants are coming from.
The statistics indicate how many of them are documented workers vs. undocumented workers.
Where the new destinations are for Hispanic immigrants.
The underlying causes of immigration.
Resistance
Be Down With The Brown
March 1968 - Chicano and Chicana high school students walked out of class to protest a racist educational system The “Blowouts”
Began with several thousand students from six schools, and increase each day till 10,000 had struck
Brought the largest cities school system to a halt First time Chicano students had marched in masses
in demonstration against racism and educational change
Thirty Years Later New “Blowouts” Emerged
Combating repressive new anti-crime laws Re-election of right wing Gov. Pete Wilson To fight proposition 187- (the call to deny
educational and health services to anyone suspected of being undocumented)
The “Blowouts” focused on public schools for the reason that California’s public schools lose $17.20 for each un-excused absence per day
Reasons
Racism in the school system was at the top of the list for the reasons of the new blowout wave
Nation wide Latinos have the lowest high school graduation rate of any group
Of every 100 Latinos who enter kindergarten only 55 graduate from high school. Of those 55, only 25 enter college, Of the 25, 7 finish Only 4 go on to graduate school and 2 finish
Boycotting Taco Bell: The Coalition of Immokalee Workers
The Coalition of Immokalee Workers (CIW) was founded in 1995 with workers from Mexico, Guatemala, and Haiti
October 1997, the CIW launched an “anti-slavery campaign” to call to public attention to sub-poverty wages in the tomato fields and orange groves
Focus Attention on Taco Bell
CIW discovers that the power is beyond the growers and focus attention at the large corporations
Boycott Taco Bell because they are the largest consumers of the tomatoes they pick
CIW gives demands to Taco Bell, there is no response from Taco Bell
Taco Bell
The coalition decided to target 16-24 year-olds, which was the largest consumer for Taco Bell
CIW begins the Truth Tour receives a great deal of media attention
The Coalition of Immokalee Workers
Students “booted the Bell” from campus or declared their campus a “Taco Bell-free zone”
Pressure toward the shareholders at the Yum Brands start to develop
Taco Bell has not reached the demands of CIW
Freedom Riders
Since 9/11, immigrant communities generally, Arab, Muslim, and South Asian communities in particular, feel besieged. The federal government has conducted random sweeps workplace raids, and carried out secret detentions and judicial proceedings, initiated special registration programs based on nationality, and deported established immigrants based on mere technicalities
Since 9/11, the government measures have ended up going too far, These measures target immigrants who have nothing to do with terrorism
Freedom Riders
The government’s actions have also made it more difficult for millions of immigrants to work and provide for their families and driving them further underground
This system keeps millions of hardworking immigrants from becoming full members and enjoying equal rights in this nation. Resulting in exploitation, separation from loved ones, and no protection by our laws
Freedom Riders
The Immigrant Freedom Riders set out striving for Policies that work for immigrants and all Americans
Nearly 1,000 Immigrants joined in the cross county ride of 20,000 miles. Stopping at 100 cities to expose the injustice of current policies toward immigrants
They joined in various rallies and protests, and met with more than 120 members of Congress in their pushed for a road to citizenship
The immigrant Workers Freedom Ride ended in New York on Oct 4
More than 125,000 union and community supporters joined the workers who had crossed the country in effort to put immigration issues on the national political agenda for 2004
Northwest Treeplanters and Farmworkers United (PCUN)
PCUN=Pineros y Campesinos Unidos Del Noroeste
Oregon’s union of farmworkers, nursery, and reforestation workers, and Oregon’s largest Latino organization
PCUN’s fundamental goal is to empower farmworkers to understand and take action against systematic exploitation and all of its effects by being involved in community and workplace organizing
PCUN
Founded in 1985 PCUN has more than 5,000 registered members
Office is located in center of Oregon filtered agricultural industry in the mid-Willamette Valley, city of Woodburn
A cultural center for the Valleys Mexican community, Woodburn currently has a majority Latino population of just over 50%
What and Who is PCUN fighting for?
Oregon farm workers Employees work long hours for low wages, with no overtime
pay, paid breaks, seniority, job security, or other benefits Seasonal workers often housed in squalid labor camps
owned and operated by growers or labor contractors Exposed to a myriad of chemicals and pesticides sprayed on
crops and often lack the proper protective gear and training to apply pesticides
They also lack the right to collective bargaining, which is guaranteed to all other industries under the National Labor Relations Act
How Do They Do It?
Through successfully organizing and collective bargaining Organizing efforts: PCUN’s Collective Bargaining
Committee uses various direct organizing tactics, such as visiting fields, distributing leaflets, and holding house meetings and marches, yet PCUN also organizes through its Service Center for Farmworkers.
Collective bargaining: Most effective and lasting way to improve Farmworker conditions it re-addresses the power imbalance between growers and workers, and establishes respect, fairness and dignity as the bases for the employment relationship.
Collective bargaining agreements negotiated by a committee elected by their peers and ratified by a vote of the workers
Key Components Of These Agreements
Expeditious procedure to resolve grievances; Seniority rights Prohibition against retaliation/discipline without just
cause Paid breaks and overtime pay Right to refuse work in conditions unsafe or hazardous; Right to paid and unpaid absence Right to information about chemical used in the
workplace Union recognition None of these protections or procedures is presently
provided by law
Collaborative Efforts: PCUN Works Closely With a Variety of
Other Local Organization
Farmworker Housing Development Corporation, runs the farmworker housing units in Woodburn
Voz Hispana, organizes Latino voters and educates community members of the legacy of Cesar Chavez
CAUSA advocates for immigrant rights Mujeres Luchadoras Progresistas promotes
economic and leadership development for farmworker women
National Level
Advocates with the Oregon Legislature to protect farmworkers rights
involved national and statewide collaboration around issues such as controlling pesticide use and protecting the health of workers
PCUN has led or been involved in numerous organizing efforts and campaigns since its founding
Sources
Asian Nation Website www.asian-nation.org “Success Story of One Minority Group in U.S.” Us. News & world Report (1966) in
Asian-American Studies, eds. Jean Yu-wen Shen Wu and Min Song (Rutgers U Press, 2000), pp. 158-163
Elaine Kim, “Home is Where the Han Is,” in Asian-American Studies, eds. Jean Yu-wen Shen Wu and Min Song (Rutgers U Press, 2000)
Min Zhou, “Are Asian Americans Becoming White?”, Contexts vol 3, iss 1 (Winter 2004)
Excerpts from Glenn Omatsu, “The Four Prisons” and the Movements of Liberation: Asian American Activism from the 1960’s) in Asian-American Studies, eds. Jean Yu-wen Shen Wu and Min Song (Rutgers U Press, 2000), pp. 176-194
The Model Minority Website http://modelminority.com/article1067.html
Sources, Continued
A Statistical Portrait of Hispanics at Mid-Decade http://pewhispanic.org/reports/middecade/ Rise, Peak, and Decline: Trends in US Immigration 1992-2004 http://pewhispanic.org/files/reports/53.pdf Immigrant Workers’ Freedom Ride Coalition http://www.iwfr.org/
PCUN (Northwest Tree Planters and Farmworkers United) http://www.pcun.org/resources/aboutpcun.asp Peter Ian Asen, “Boycotting Taco Bell: The Coalition of Immokalee
Workers,” A Troublemaker’s Handbook, ed., Jane Slaughter (Labor Notes 2005)
Elizabeth Martinez, De Colores Means All of Us (South End Press, 1998) Chapter 25
The End…
Any Questions?