Immigration and Demographic

Changes

TIP

ID Terms will be BOLDED

In The Beginning..

In the times of the Native Americans and early settlers, there was no immigration policy.

Despite different regions being controlled by settlers from different nations, anyone who wanted to settle in the “New World” could do so freely

Natives did not react well to the foreign settlers however King Philip’s War 1675-1678: Mostly

British settlers vs Natives, huge population loss on both sides, settlers were victorious

Pueblo Revolt 1680: Natives revolted against Spanish occupation in modern New Mexico region, Spanish were ousted until 1700

Metacomet

Colonization

Spanish settled and established haciendas to organize native laborers and convert them to Catholicism

French settled in hopes of establishing trade relationships with natives

British separatists fled to the New World to establish a new home 3 forms of British Colonies:

Royal Colonies- Land controlled by the crown

Proprietary/Restoration Colonies- Land given to individuals by the crown to be ruled independently

Corporate Colonies- Colonies owned and run by joint-stock companies

Colonial Populations

Slavery

British colonies began importing slaves almost as soon as they arrived in the New World themselves

The numbers increased rapidly over time

Native Population

Time of contact – 18 million

1800 – 600,000

1890 – 250,000

Today – 2.9 million 100% ethnic natives, 2.3 million mixed ethnicity

Alien Act

1st piece of legislation related to immigration (Anyone was allowed to immigrate and become

a US citizen 14 years later)

Allowed the president (John Adams at the time) to deport anyone who he “deemed as dangerous”

vs

The Naturalization Act of 1802

Changed naturalization period back from 14 years to 5 years

Mexican-American War

1846-1848

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Feb 1848 Anyone living in Texas,

California, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, and Utah (Mexican Cession) would be given full rights of an American citizen

Know-Nothing Party

Founded officially in 1845, and lasted only 15 years

Xenophobic Anti-immigrant Anti-naturalization

Meshed with the Free-Soil Party to create the Republican party

Nativism

Chinese Exclusion Act

1882

Banned Chinese immigration to the US

Prohibited any Chinese people already in the US from gaining citizenship

The New Immigration

Late 19th century influx of immigrants from new countries such as Canada, Mexico, China, and Japan

Latin American immigration skyrocketed

Mainly European immigrants however

Immigrants in Urban Environments

Most immigrants to the U.S went straight to cities

Urban Borderlands Inner-city centers of cheap housing for low-

wage laborers Became melting-pots for multiethnic

immigrant life/culture Pluralism – Immigrant belief that immigrants

should unite as a whole and mix and share cultures

Settlement Houses Hull House- First settlement house, built by

Jane Addams in Chicago 1889 Built to house new immigrants Became centers for reform movements in

women’s labor and rights

Marcus Garvey

Black Jamaican social leader

Promoted pan-Africanism and black nationalism in America

Garveyism- Believed in an exodus back to Africa Black Star Line (play of words on

“White Star Line”) A ship service that would ship

Africans back “home” Largely unsuccessful

Hugely corrupted, led to FBI investigation

Small Adjustments

1903- No anarchists, epileptics, polygamists, and beggars not allowed

1906- English required for immigration

1907- Head tax raised, people with physical/mental defects, TB, or unaccompanied not allowed in

1917- Literacy required, all Asian nations banned from immigrating

1921- No anarchists or prostitutes

Quota Act

1921

Take 3% more per nationality annually Example: If there were 10 Germans in

1921, 3 could immigrate in 1922

No limit on family members, professionals, or servants

Ceiling at 357,800 annually from eastern hemisphere

Johnson-Reed Act (1924) Changed to 2% No immigrants from Japan, China, the

Philippines, and Southeast Asia

Early 20th Century Immigration

Italy

Russia

U.K (again)

Poland

WWII

Displaced Persons Act – 1948 Allowed 205,000

political refugees per year

Mostly Jewish

McCarran-Walter

1952

Reopened gates for Asia but allowed only 2000 visas annually for “Asian-Pacific Triangle”

Truman didn’t like it!

Gave Attorney General executive immigration/visa powers… … to deport communists

Pat McCarran

Francis Walter

1965 Immigration and Nationality Act

Completely overhaul of the immigration system

170,000 ceiling annually for entire E. Hemisphere No more than 20,000 per country

Eliminated the Quota System and created a Preference System Family relationships, professionals, and

refugees from communist nations at the top of the preference system

(If not a part of the preference category) you could not immigrate if there was a surplus of laborers already in your profession in America

Since 1965

Preference system partially edited to stay modern

Legislation created on how to handle illegal immigration

1990 – 700,000 allowed in annually

Today: debate on illegal immigrants

Bibliography

http://fairimmigration.files.wordpress.com/2009/03/stop-immigration-raids1.jpg

http://usa-green-card.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/immigration.jpg?AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1

http://www.certifiedtranslationlosangeles.com/images/USCIS%20CERTIFIED%20TRANSLATION.jpg

http://nyoobserver.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/us-immigration-and-customs-enforcement-seal-plaque-l.jpg

http://calitreview.com/images/metacomet.jpg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c6/Benjamin_Church.jpg/220px-Benjamin_Church.jpg

http://www.learner.org/biographyofamerica/prog03/maps/images/map_03_b.gif

http://www.xtimeline.com/__UserPic_Large/72024/evt110519161901200.jpg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/750px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png

http://img.alibaba.com/images/cms/upload/ggs/assets/countryflag/fr.jpg

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/graphics/flags/large/uk-lgflag.gif

http://www.williamapercy.com/wiki/images/Slave_Population.jpg

Bibliography Continued

http://home.comcast.net/~DiazStudents/ColonialPopulation1.jpg

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-EjPiBYx_lOQ/UQFhuf237FI/AAAAAAAAHR0/SycZw9bsT0I/s1600/President+John+Adams.jpg

http://www.bubblews.com/assets/images/news/259142669_1366448137.jpg

http://blogs.archives.gov/online-public-access/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/Petition-for-Naturalization.jpg

http://differenttogether.files.wordpress.com/2012/06/chinese-exclusion-act.jpg

http://images3.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb20130413190604/psi/images/a/ac/Not-allowed-sign.jpg

http://www.old-picture.com/indians/pictures/Indian-Warriors.jpg

http://i84.photobucket.com/albums/k21/Jamie00924/native-american.jpg

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-K4tTLbR5kdY/UYONwN4xx1I/AAAAAAAAHvM/dU7BLBl3byo/s1600/know-nothing.jpg

http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/media_content/m-2445.jpg

More Bibliography

http://users.humboldt.edu/ogayle/ColonialPopulation.jpg

http://www.pershingms.org/MTT/images/mexican.jpg

http://www.timerime.com/users/12822/media/P1-AB342_HISTORY-189703282004220514.jpg

http://www.us-history.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/world-war-2-wwii.jpg

http://www.wnyc.org/i/200/0/c/80/photologue/photos/DP.jpg

http://1950immigration.files.wordpress.com/2012/02/m1.jpg

http://www.xtimeline.com/__UserPic_Large/9530/ELT200805041650393559650.JPG

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_IkHcJG6xGUw/S9dG1DIljqI/AAAAAAAAAA4/76PZ97LMssw/s1600/nytimes+article+immigration+bill.png

http://patdollard.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Immigration_protest.jpg

http://blackstonian.com/info/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/immigration.jpg

Almost Done…

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_h0SQqY8ocp4/TEwpR1Kh1YI/AAAAAAAARMY/QZHDJ9yYNC0/s400/wetback+18.jpg

http://images.wisconsinhistory.org/700099990386/9999006552-m.jpg

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-dlw_0w5zlTE/To4AEyWdJqI/AAAAAAAABHk/X6sIGxLJdGo/s1600/Ellis+Island+Irish+Ships+to+America+3.jpg

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1931/addams.jpg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Hull_House_2.JPG/250px-Hull_House_2.JPG

http://www.biography.com/imported/images/Biography/Images/Profiles/G/Marcus-Garvey-9307319-1-402.jpg

http://24.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lmuqz8YZTo1qfgo7jo1_1280.jpg

http://g-ecx.images-amazon.com/images/G/01/askville/3736212_7857999_mywrite/immigration-1861-1890.jpg

http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/ellis-island/immigration-1870-1920.jpg