IMERYS GRAPHITE & CARBON - labatscience.com · 1. about imerys graphite & carbon 3. «one-stop shop»: your partner for carbons for lab 4. specialty carbons for lead acid batteries

IMERYS GRAPHITE & CARBON CARBONS FOR ADVANCED LEAD ACID

BATTERIES: PROPERTIES AND ROLE

imerys-graphite-and-carbon.com

Albena, 13th June 2017

1. ABOUT IMERYS GRAPHITE & CARBON

3. «ONE-STOP SHOP»: YOUR PARTNER FOR CARBONS FOR LAB

4. SPECIALTY CARBONS FOR LEAD ACID BATTERIES

OVERVIEW

June 2017 IGC – YOUR PARTNER FOR LAB




OVERVIEW


4

THE WORLD

LEADER IN

MINERAL-BASED

SPECIALTY

SOLUTIONS


IMERYS GROUP KEY FIGURES – 2016

IMERYS GRAPHITE & CARBON - A MEMBER OF IMERYS

IMERYS GRAPHITE & CARBON – OUR VISION

5

INNOVATIONS TO POWER EVERYDAY LIFE


IMERYS GRAPHITE & CARBON – YOUR RELIABLE PARTNER

6 June 2017 IGC – YOUR PARTNER FOR LAB

SMALL SHARE OF CLIENTS’ COSTS

PRODUCT, PROCESS & APPLICATION

KNOW-HOW

CARBON (SYNTHETIC & NATURAL)

UNIQUE & SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGY

INDUSTRIAL ASSET

5 PILLARS FOR A SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE

7

Headquarters

Sales Offices

R&D Laboratories

Industrial Sites

LAC-DES-ILES (QC), CANADA

TERREBONNE (QC), CANADA

BODIO, SWITZERLAND WILLEBROEK, BELGIUM

OTJIWARONGO, NAMIBIA

KITAKYUSHU, JAPAN

BIRONICO, SWITZERLAND

SHANGHAI, CHINA

KAWASAKI, JAPAN

TOKYO, JAPAN SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA


IMERYS GRAPHITE & CARBON – WORLDWIDE PRESENCE

IMERYS GRAPHITE & CARBON – MARKETS

8

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

AUTOMOTIVE

ENERGY

MAIN

END-MARKETS

June 2017 IGC – YOUR PARTNER FOR CARBON





OVERVIEW

10

Carbon Materials

Natural Flake

Graphite Synthetic

Graphite Carbon

Black

Exfoliation

Mixing

Sieving

Milling

Size modification

Surface modification

Shape modification

Purification Added Value Processes

R&D Laboratories Product Development

Application Development

Scientific Support to Customers Security of Supply

Customization

Sustainable

Solutions Specialty Carbon Additives

for Lead Acid Batteries


Innovative

‘ONE-STOP SHOP’: YOUR PARTNER FOR CARBONS FOR LAB

11

HIGHLY DIVERSIFIED OFFER OF SPECIALTY CARBONS TO

FULFILL VARIED REQUIREMENTS

TIMREX® GRAPHITE: High-purity expanded graphite


ENSACO® Carbon Black: High-purity and extra conductive carbons

with a very high structure and specific surface area, supplied in soft

granules

SUPER P® Carbon Black: High-purity and highly conductive carbons

with a moderate surface area


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NOVEL CARBON MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED LEAD ACID BATTERIES


TEM picture of

CyPbridTM particle

TIMREX® CYPBRIDTM: Hybrid carbon which combines the relevant

properties of the graphite and the carbon black in a unique product






OVERVIEW


Product Type of material BET SSA Pour density OAN Wettability (contact angle)

m2/g g/cm3 ml/100g °

Super P® Carbon Black 62 0.06 290 ~ 90 Mildly hydrophobic

Ensaco® 350G Carbon Black 780 0.13 320 130 Hydrophobic

TIMREX® BNB90 Expanded graphite 28 0.03 N.A. < 30 Highly hydrophilic

TIMREX® CyPbrid™ 1 Hybrid carbon 300 0.35 100 < 30 Highly hydrophilic

TIMREX® CyPbrid™ 2 Hybrid carbon 200 0.30 N.A. < 30 Highly hydrophilic


Highly diversified carbon portfolio

SPECIALTY CARBONS FOR LEAD ACID BATTERIES


High pour density for easy handling and less effect on plate density











Correlates with the conductivity of a carbon black

Correlates with the amount of water and H2SO4 needed in the pasting











This is a key property for an easy incorporation into the paste










Topic still under discussion not yet a clear answer neither from the scientific community nor from industry

Conductivity: increased plate conductivity improves high rate performance

Porosity: optimized pore structure kept during cycling

Affinity for lead: affinity of the carbon for lead improves the lead deposition

...

Likely the beneficial effect of carbon in the negative plate is a combination of several aspects.


ACTION MECHANISM OF CARBON IN THE NEGATIVE ELECTRODE

Proposed mechanism for the role carbon in improving the charge acceptance and cycle life of the battery:

1. The carbon is exposed to a lead containing environment. Lead ions are present in solution.

2. Due to the surface properties of the carbon (either morphological or chemical properties) some lead is immobilized on the surface. This lead can be there either as immobilized ion or reduced lead.

3. The immobilized lead acts as nucleation seed for the deposition of lead during battery cycling.

J. Power Sources 324 (2016) 41

19

1

Pb2+

Pb2+

Pb2+

Pb2+

Pb2+

Pb2+

2

Pb

3

Pb

Current

Pb


ACTION MECHANISM OF CARBON IN THE NEGATIVE ELECTRODE

20

1

Pb2+

Pb2+

Pb2+

Pb2+

Pb2+

Pb2+

2 Pb

3

Pb

Current

Pb

Spontaneous lead uptake experiments

1) Carbon is exposed to a lead rich environment

2) The amount of lead remaining immobilized on the surface is measured

3) TEM investigation clearly proved the presence of lead nanoparticles on the carbon substrate


ACTION MECHANISM – EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE

21

1

Pb2+

Pb2+

Pb2+

Pb2+

Pb2+

Pb2+

2 Pb

3

Pb

Current

Pb


Product Lead uptake BET SSA

ppm m2/g

Super P® 700 62

Ensaco® 350G 8700 780

TIMREX® BNB90 1300 28

TIMREX® CyPbrid™ 1 7700 300

TIMREX® CyPbrid™ 2 5800 200

TIMREX® Synthetic graphite 300 9

Reference Carbon Black 320 29


22

1

Pb2+

Pb2+

Pb2+

Pb2+

Pb2+

Pb2+

2 Pb

3

Pb

Current

Pb

Lead plating (Battery simulation)

Model carbon electrodes undergo electrochemical deposition of lead

CyPbrid 1

Before After



23

BNB90

Before After

E 350G

Before After



24

Ref. Black

Before After

Synt. Graphite

Before After




Peukert lines measured in flooded 2V cells PNP ca. 2Ah per cell. Excess of acid d1.28gcm-3.

«LOW STRUCTURE»

CARBON BLACK

«HIG

H S

TR

UC

TU

RE

»

CA

RB

ON

BL

AC

K

Due to the high conductivity of Super P

a better utilization of the active mass is achieved

leading to a better performance

PERFOMANCE IN 2 V CELLS - PEUKERT


Charge acceptance

measured in flooded 2V

cells PNP ca. 2Ah per cell.

Excess of acid d1.28gcm-3.

Charge acceptance increase of ca. 40% with CyPbrid

compared to typical reference low structure carbon black

in this cell configuration

PERFOMANCE IN 2 V CELLS – CHARGE ACCEPTANCE

HIGHLY DIVERSIFIED PORTOFOLIO

June 2017

EASY PROCESSABLE CARBONS

PROVEN PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT

TECHNICAL EXPERTISE AND SUPPORT

CUSTOMIZED INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS

IGC – YOUR PARTNER FOR LAB

IMERYS GRAPHITE & CARBON: YOUR PARTNER FOR CARBONS

Thank you for your attention!


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IMERYS GRAPHITE & CARBON - labatscience.com · 1. about imerys graphite & carbon 3. «one-stop shop»: your partner for carbons for lab 4. specialty carbons for lead acid batteries