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DANGEROUS GOODS
CAPT.M.SAFAHANI
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The expression also includes emptyreceptacles, empty tanks, unless
cleaned dried and purged.
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Chapter VII SOLASReg 1 ApplicationReg 2 Classification
Reg 3 PackagingReg 4 Marking and labelingReg 5 Documents
Reg 6 Stowage requirementReg 7 Explosives in pax ships
7.1 reporting of incidents involving DG
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Classes: Class 1 ExplosivesClass 2 Gases
2.1 Flammable2.2 non-flammable, being compressed2.3 Poisonous gases
Class 3 Flammable liquid3.1 low flashpoint3.2 intermediate flashpoint3.3 high flashpoint
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Class 4.1 flammable solidsClass 4.2 liable to spontaneouscombustionClass 4.3 emit flammable gas in contactwith water
Class 5.1oxidizing substancesClass 5.2organic peroxides
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Class 6.1 poisonous substancesClass 6.2 infectious substancesClass 7 radioactive substancesClass 8 corrosives
Class 9 miscellaneous(not covered in other classes)
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DG under the HVRsGoods of an inflammable,explosive or
dangerous nature, if not properlymarked or if shipped without the
knowledge and consent of the carriermay be landed, destroyed, jettisoned or
rendered innocuous at any time beforedischarge.
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Such goods may be dealt in the sameway even if they are loaded with the
knowledge of the carrier if they becomedangerous.
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No compensation is payable by thecarrier in first case and the shipper isliable for all damages.In the second case it is the sameprinciple except general average.
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Markings:Correct technical nameComply with IMDG codeOuter material survive 3 monthsimmersion, marking durableIf outer material not durable innerreceptacle should be durableLabel on each side and end
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Documents:Document of compliance for the shipDangerous goods declaration from theshipperPacking certificate
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Document of compliance:Ensures that the stowage spaces areappropriately equipped with fireprevention,fire detection, and firefighting equipment.
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Dangerous goods declaration:Proper shipping nameClass and division
UN numberPacking groupNumber and kind of package
Total quantityIndicate if marine pollutant
Any other relevant information
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Declaration:The responsibility lies with theforwarder who delivers the cargo to theship and not to the stevedores
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Offence:Failure to provide a declarationProvide a declaration which he knows itis false
An offence is committed by the masterif he accepts a package withoutdeclaration if it is required
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IMDG codeUniform, global rules for the safe transport bysea of dangerous goods and marine
pollutants in packaged form are nowcompulsory, following the entry into force on1 January 2004 of the 2002 amendments tothe International Convention for the Safety of
Life at Sea (SOLAS), 1974, making theInternational Maritime Dangerous Goods(IMDG) Code mandatory.
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IMDG codeThe IMDG Code was developed as auniform international code for the
transport of dangerous goods by seacovering such matters as packing,marking, libeling and stowage of
dangerous goods with particularreference to the segregation ofincompatible substances.
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IMDG codeThe IMDG Code lays down basic principlesand contains detailed recommendations for
individual substances, materials and articles,as well as a number of recommendations forgood operational practice including advice onterminology, packing, labelling, stowage,
segregation and handling, and emergencyresponse action.
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IMDG codeTwo Volumes+ one Supplement
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Volume 1 (parts 1, 2 and 4to 7 of the Code) :
general provisions, definitions and trainingclassification
consignment proceduresconstruction and testing of packagings,International Bulk Containers (IBCs), largepackagings, portable tanks and road tankvehiclestransport operations
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Volume 2 (part 3, appendix Aand appendix B)
Dangerous Goods List (equivalent to theschedules in previous editions of the Code),
presented in tabular formatlimited quantities exceptionsProper shipping Names including generic andN.O.S. (not otherwise specified) entriesGlossary of TermsIndex
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Chapter 5.4, section 5.4.5 (Multimodaldangerous goods form), insofar as
layout of the form is concernedChapter 7.3 (Special requirements inthe event of an incident and fireprecautions involving dangerous goodsonly)
Appendix B
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Who classifies the DGs?Shipper/Consignor or competentauthority where specified by this code.
Competent authority is the nationalregulatory body.
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Packing groups:Group I present high dangerGroup II medium dangerGroup III low danger
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Packing group I,II,III:Packaging for packing group I mustsurvive a drop test of height of 1.8m
Group II 1.2mGroup III 0.8m
The code specifies packing group for allclasses except 1,2,6.2and 7.
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Precedence of hazards:The precedence table showswhich hazard is the primary
hazard.page 34 IMDG code 2.0.3.6 vol 1
If hazard is uncertain to bedetermined by lab.
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Explosives:1.1 mass explosion hazard1.2
1.3 a)give rise to considerable radiant heatb)burn one after another
1.4
1.51.6 limited to explosion of one article
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Compatibility groups, Classification codesConsidered compatible if:can be safely stowed or transportedtogether without increasing theprobability of an accident, or themagnitude of the effect of such
accident.Page 38 tables:2.1.2.2, 2.1.2.3 vol 1
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Gases:Class 2.1 flammable gasesClass 2.2 non-flammable, non-toxic
but compressedClass 2.3 Toxic gases
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What is a gas? At 50 ° c vapour pressure greater than300kPa or
Completely gas at 20 ° c at pressure of101.3kPa
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Class 3 flammable liquids:Flash point:lowest temperature of aliquid at which its vapour forms an
ignitable mixture with air. A flammable liquid can not be ignited solong as its temperature remains below
the flash point.
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Determination of flash point:Specified quantity of liquid in areceptacle, well below flash point.
Heat up slowly and periodically bring aflame near to the liquid surfaceThe lowest temperature you observe a
flash is the flash point temperature
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Two types of flash point:Closed-cupOpen-cupOpen-cup few degrees higher.Closed-cup is recommended to be used.
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Class 4 flammable solids:Class 4.1 flammable solidsDuring transport readily combustiblethrough friction, or exothermic reaction.Powdered, granular,pasty substancesaccording to the time and rate ofburning as per UN manual of tests andcriteria.
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Self reactive substances:The decomposition can be initiated byheat,contact with catalytic impurities
such as acids.If the SADT is less than 55 ° c it issubject to temperature control during
transport. ( Self Accelerating Decomposition Temperature )
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Packing methods:Self reactive substances:Page 47 down the page,page 48 andpage 49.OP1 to OP8 in P520 page147.
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Class 4 flammable solids:
Class 4.2 liable to spontaneouscombustion
Liable to catch fire through self heatingin contact with air or through conditionsbeing developed while transported.
1)ignite in 5 minutes of coming into contact with air(pyrophoric)2)liable to self heating in contact with air without energy supply(self
heating)3)may give off toxic gases if involved in a fire
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Class 4 flammable solids:Class 4.3 emit flammable gas in contactwith water
These are substances which in contactwith water become spontaneouslyflammable or emit flammable gasesNaked lights,sparking hand tools,unprotected light bulbs
Flammable gas is generated at a rate of one litre per kgof substance per hour.
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Class 5.1 oxidizing substancesNot necessarily combustible, but byyielding oxygen may cause or
contribute to the fire of other material.Evolve oxygen so increase risk of fire orits intensity.Mixture even with flour,sugar,edibleoils,mineral oils dangerous.
Violent reaction with liquid acids.
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Class 5.1 oxidizing substances Assign a packing group according tomean burning time as specified in:
united nations manual oftests and criteria
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Class 5.2 organic peroxidesThermally unstableMay undergo exothermic self-accelerating decomposition.Divided into 7 categories according tothe danger they present. A-G
in addition:
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Class 5.2 organic peroxidesDecompose at normal or elevatedtemperature
May be initiated in contact withimpurities(acids … )Some may decompose explosively
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Class 5.2 organic peroxidesBe liable to explosive decompositionBurn rapidlyBe sensitive to impact or frictionReact dangerously with othersubstancesCause damage to the eye
Pages 57-66 vol 1
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Class 5.2 organic peroxides All organic peroxides are assignedpacking group II
Page 67 vol 1 contains usefulinformation regarding the classificationof organic peroxides.
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Class 6.1 toxic substancesHarming health by:
If swallowed orIf inhaled orContact by skin
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Class 6.1 toxic substancesLD50 for acute oral toxicity is the dosewhich is most likely killing one half of
the albino rats within 14 days in youngadults. (Mg in kg body mass)LD50 for acute dermal toxicityLD50 for acute toxicity on inhalation
for inhalation it is only if a mist isproduced
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Class 6.1 toxic substances3 packing groups according to thedangers they present.
As per human accidental poisoning ortested on animals.The toxicity data can be obtained from
the current “ WHO recommended classification ofpesticides by hazard and guidelines to classification ”
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Class 6.2 infectious substances
Known or expected to containpathogens:
(bacteria, viruses,parasites, fungi)Expected to cause infectious diseases inanimals or humans
Or spread diseases if exposure to themoccurs.
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Class 6.2 infectious substances
Biological products, derived from livingorganisms.
Diagnostic specimens, any human oranimal material.Genetically modified micro-organisms
Wastes derived from medical treatmentof humans and animals.
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Class 7 radioactive materialPackaging means the assembly ofcomponents necessary to enclose the
radioactive contents completely. Approved type either multilateral orunilateral.
page 76-97 vol 1 covers radioactive materials
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Class 7 radioactive materialOne or more receptacles,absorbentmaterials, spacing structures, radiation
shielding and service equipment forfilling, emptying, venting and pressurerelief; devices for cooling, absorbingmechanical shocks, handling, thermalinsulation.
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Class 8 corrosive substancesCause severe damage if in contact withliving tissue.
In case of leakage damage or destroyother goods or means of transport.
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Class 8 corrosive substancesIn chapter 3.2 VOL 2 the wording:burns to skin, eyes, and mucousmembranes can be seen.
Or sometimes corrosive to most metalsCorrosive to aluminiumMany substances in this class becomescorrosive after being in contact with moisture.Some generate heat in contact with water,organic material such as woods
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Class 9 miscellaneousNot covered in other classessubstances offered for transport at
temperatures equal or exceeding 100 ° cin a liquid state.Solids that are transported at
temperatures equal or exceeding 240 ° c
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Marine pollutants:Substances which because of theirpotential to bio-accumulate in seafood
or because of their toxicity to marinelife are subject to the provisions of Annex III MARPOL 73/78.
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Marine pollutants:
P marine pollutantsPP severe marine pollutants
● Potential for pollution
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Marine pollutants: A solution or mixture containing 10% ormore of a marine pollutant is a marine
pollutant. A solution or mixture containing 1% ormore of a severe marine pollutant is a
marine pollutant.
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Examples of DG packaging:
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Examples of IBCs:
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Dangerous goods list(DGL)1.&18. A unique four-digit number, theUN number, it identifies the substance
unmistakably2. The proper shipping name3. Class and subdivision
4. The class of any subsidiary risk(s)Packing group I,II,III
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Dangerous goods list(DGL)6. Any special provisions- a number thatrefers to a separate table in volume 2
7. Limited quantities- to indicate ifgoods can be carried in restrictedquantities, if so what maximum quantity
in each inner packaging
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Dangerous goods list(DGL)12,13.&14. Instructions regarding incarriage in tanks- tables in vol one
15. The EmS for the substance – thereare now separate codes for spillage andthe tables can be found in supplement
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Dangerous goods list(DGL)16. Stowage and segregationrequirements found in vol one
17. Properties and observations-sometimes a description of thesubstance with specific details
concerning it properties in relation tofire, spillage, handling, etc
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MHB materials:It should be remembered that onlypackaged dangerous goods details are
given in the DGL; those that aredangerous in bulk quantities are dealtwith in “ IMO code of practice for solidbulk cargoes ” (BC Code).Referred to later in this unit.
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an example of containercontaining packages of
dangerous substancesbelonging to differentclasses. Only placards have to
be affixed.
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IMDG software:Shippers, forwarders and agents worldwideusecheck their DG shipments, producedocumentation and to e-mail a bookingrequest to their shipping line.especially useful for occasional consignmentsand for document generation andtransmission without the need for an in-housesystem.
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IMDG software:Check if shipments are allowed onpassenger or cargo-only sailings
Guide users through packaging checksand options, including inner and outerpackaging limits and Intermediate BulkContainer (IBC) types
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IMDG software:Display Limited Quantity exemptionsthat may be utilised
Specify relevant portable tank containerand road tank vehicle types
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IMDG software:When all the substances in the loadhave been processed, produce aDangerous Goods Note (DGN) that canbe saved on the user's computer,printed out and also sent to a selectedshipping line as an e-mail. An EDI
message that eliminates re-keying ofthe information by the shipping line canbe automatically attached.
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IMDG software, benefits:Simplifies and speeds DG process
A cost-effect
Reduces errorSupports booking staff Enhances customer service Improves safety
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IMDG software:Refer to case studies 1,2.container and chemical cases
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Emergency schedule or EmS:Identifies the emergency actions forboth fire and spillage situations
involving dangerous goods beingcarried on board.
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Emergency schedule or EmSf d
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information regarding Fire Immediate action the crew shouldundertake and the possible effects on
the ship. Methods to employ to fight fire forboth on deck and under deck
Prevention action direction Actions in special cases
Emergency schedule or EmSf d ll
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information regarding spillageComments on protective equipment andimmediate action to take
Action in response to spillage,information regarding collection ofresidues
Instructions regarding marine pollutants
S f fi
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EmS for fire:Examples from the book:Pages 17,19 supplement
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E S f ill
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EmS for spillage:Pages 53,54 of supplement
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Code of safe practice for solid bulk cargoes
Introductions, 10 sections and 6appendices.
S ti 1 d fi iti
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Section 1 definitions: Angle of reposeFlow moisture point
Flow stateMoisture migrationStowage factorTransportable moisture limit
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Section 2 General precautionsDistribution F&AMaximum number of tons 0.9LBD tons
If untrimmed pile peak 1.1D*SF
S ti 3 f t f l
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Section 3 safety of personnelPoisoning and asphyxiationHealth hazard due to dust
Flammable atmosphere Ventilation systemsIn transit fumigation
S i 4 f b l
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Section 4 assessment for acceptability
CertificatesSampling procedures
Frequency of sampling
Section 5 trimming procedures
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Section 5 trimming procedures Angle of repose less than or equalto35 °
Angle of repose more than 35°
Section 6 determining A R
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Section 6 determining A.RHow the cargo is loadedTilting box method
In site methodOn board method
Section 7 8 9 10
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Section 7,8,9,107 cargoes which may liquefy8 cargoes which may liquefy test
procedures9 material possessing chemical hazards10 stowage factor conversion table
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Pages 31,32,33 of BC codeshows the segregation
requirements of solid bulk
cargoes
Appendix A
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Appendix A
List of bulk materialswhich may liquefy
Example:Iron ore
Appendix B
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Appendix B
List of bulk materialpossessing chemical
hazardsExample:Ammonium
Nitrate
Appendix C
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Appendix C
List of bulk materialneither in A nor in B
Example:Cement
Appendix D
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Appendix D
Laboratory test procedures,associated apparatus and
standards
Appendix E
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Appendix EEmS no and applicationSpecial emergency equipment to be
carriedEmergency proceduresEmergency action
Medical first aidexample: page 129 BC code
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Examples of specialequipments to becarried on board:
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Appendix F
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Appendix F
Entering cargospaces,tanks,pump rooms,fuel
tanks,cofferdams,duct keels,ballast tanks and similarenclosed compartments.
What is an enclosed space?
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What is an enclosed space?The atmosphere may be incapable ofsupporting life due to oxygen deficiencyor presence of toxic or flammablegases.Best to employ permit to wok system
Examples of enclosed space:
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Examples of enclosed space:
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Note
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Note Any one who attempts to carry outa rescue without following correctprocedures is endangering his own
life and that of the person he isattempting to rescue.
Thank you very much foryour patience
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your patience
Please do not
hesitate to ask your questions