Image shutterstock.com CHAPTER 7 Understanding House Plans

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Objectives Interpret architectural drawings. Describe how computers can assist in understanding house plans. Organize space by grouping rooms according to function. Plan safe and convenient traffic patterns. Evaluate storage needs and space. Summarize ways to modify housing for people with physical disabilities. Objectives

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Architectural Drawings for a House Architectural drawings contain information about the size shape location of parts of the house These drawings vary in complexity and depth depending on their intended purpose and use continued

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Architectural Drawings for a House Types of architectural drawings include schematic drawings (freehand sketches for a proposed design) presentation drawings (refined drawings for publication or presentation to client) Edwin Verin/Shutterstock.com continued jl661227/Shutterstock.com

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Architectural Drawings for a House An additional type of architectural drawing includes construction drawings (detailed instructions and drawings for the builder) 501room/Shutterstock.com Khakimullin Aleksandr/Shutterstock.com continued

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Architectural Drawings for a House A schedule is an organized chart that contains details of the house plan that do not fit on the plan itself, such as paint color Another document, the specifications, includes the types and quality of materials to use instructions for use of the materials continued

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Architectural Drawings for a House Architectural drawings are proportional to actual size, which is called drawn to scale Drawings for a house are normally drawn to a scale of = 1 continued

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Prints of Architectural Drawings Computers have brought about changes in making architectural drawings Originally, drafters in architects or contractors offices used manual drafting machines and instruments to create most architectural drawings

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Prints of Architectural Drawings Today, drafters use computer-aided drafting and design (CADD) software to create most drawings The CADD software varies from a simple home-plan design to more complex software that requires extensive training continued Leremy/Shutterstock.com

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Prints of Architectural Drawings One of the newest tools for architects, designers, and builders is the Building Information Model (BIM) BIM embraces every stage of a buildings lifecycle, including structural integrity and environmental impact design and construction maintenance sometimes demolition continued

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Prints of Architectural Drawings After the architectural drawing is completed, a print is made to share with all team members A print is a copy of the architectural drawing The original paper used consisted of white lines on blue paper and was referred to as a blueprint Guchi81/Shutterstock.com

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Alphabet of Lines Different lines are used on the drawings to communicate ideas clearly and accurately These lines are referred to as the alphabet of lines Goodheart-Willcox Publisher

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Symbols Symbols are also used on drawings, and include structural (doors, windows, etc.) fixtures (kitchen sink, bathtub, etc.) appliances (range, refrigerator, etc.) electrical fixtures (light switch, receptacles, etc.) continued

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Symbols These are examples of symbols used to communicate different furniture and fixture components of a home Notice the sinks and bathtub SASIMOTO/Shutterstock.com

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Plan Views A plan view, shows the house from a birds- eye viewlooking down on the space The floor plan shows the size and arrangement of the rooms hallways doors and windows storage areas The floor plan is the most important drawing in a set of house plans

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Elevation Views Exterior elevations are architectural drawings that show the outside views of the house An elevation view shows the finished exterior appearance of a given side of the house Mariya Ermolaeva/Shutterstock.com

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Section Views and Detail Views A section view shows what the house would look like if there was a horizontal slice through a section of the house A detail view shows an enlargement of some architectural feature, such as this window Kalmatsuy Tatyana/Shutterstock.com

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Renderings and Models Some drawings allow clients to better visualize the finished house A rendering is a presentation drawing with color, texture, and shadows that shows a realistic view of the completed house continued jl661227/Shutterstock.com

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Renderings and Models A model is a three-dimensional miniature of a design Manually making renderings and models can be time-consuming and costly Computer renderings and models are often used today, such as this house example continued Franck Boston/Shutterstock.com

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Renderings and Models An isometric drawing shows a three- dimensional birds-eye view of a space at 30-degree angles wibowo/Shutterstock.com

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. The Space Within When planning the space within a house, consider the occupant needs and preferences activities habits lifestyle life situations Then determine the placement of the activities in the home

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Grouping by Functional Zones The rooms in a house are grouped by function, including private areas work areas social areas

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. The Private Area The private area provides rooms for sleeping, resting, grooming, and dressing, and consists of bedrooms and bathrooms Some bedrooms become multipurpose rooms when they also provide space for other activities takito/Shutterstock.com

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. The Work Area The work area includes all parts of the house used to maintain and service others Rooms in the work area include the kitchen laundry area utility rooms garage workshop home office continued takito/Shutterstock.com

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. The Work Area The kitchen often takes the most space in the work area A well-designed kitchen makes working easier and more efficient The kitchen has three major activity areas, including the food preparation center cleanup center cooking and serving center continued

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. The Work Area A work triangle is one way to evaluate a well-designed kitchen The work triangle is an imaginary line connecting the appliances associated with the three major activity areas as shown here continued takito/Shutterstock.com

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. The Work Area A variety of kitchen designs includes the Peninsula layout L-shaped layout U-shaped layout Corridor layout One-wall layout Island layout Each design has advantages and disadvantages

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. The Social Area The social area provides space for daily living, entertaining, and recreation Rooms and areas included are entrances, dining rooms, living rooms, and family rooms takito/Shutterstock.com

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Separating Areas and Rooms The areas and rooms need to be separated from one another Separating the areas and rooms of the house can be done in various ways, including separate floors of the home hallways walls continued

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Separating Areas and Rooms An open house plan may have large spaces that serve several functions and separate areas, such as alcoves varied ceiling heights balconies screens freestanding storage units careful furniture arrangement

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Room Relationships The nearness of connections between various rooms is important for convenience and ease of use For example, it is helpful to have the kitchen close to the dining room garage close to the kitchen bathrooms close to the bedrooms

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Types of Circulation Activities Circulation refers to movement related to activities in the home The house design should allow easy and efficient circulation There are four types of circulation that impact living space, including family, guest, work, and service continued

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Types of Circulation Activities Hallways provide for circulation activities in this home They allow easy movement into the house and to rooms in the house continued David Hughes/Shutterstock.com

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Types of Circulation Activities Family members should be able to move freely throughout the house without passing through another bedroom Guests should have access to a coat closet, living room, and dining room without having to go through the work area or private areas a bathroom continued

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Types of Circulation Activities Work areas like the kitchen should have easy access to the service entrance basement and garage laundry/utility areas Service areas allow movement of persons into and out of the home and includes taking garbage out bringing in groceries

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Traffic Patterns Traffic patterns are needed to move easily within a room from room to room to and from the outside Just like car traffic, congestion can occur if routes are blocked or difficult to move through continued

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Traffic Patterns The arrows on this floor plan show some of the traffic patterns in the home continued takito/Shutterstock.com

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Traffic Patterns Generally, traffic patterns in homes need to be about 40 inches wide Major traffic patterns should avoid the private area of the home to prevent added noise lead to work areas but not through them, to avoid accidents not go through social areas because this can interrupt conversation, study, or TV viewing

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Space for Doors All doors require space to open and close Some doors require more space than others Care should be taken to make sure a door does not interfere with the traffic patterns

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Image shutterstock.com Discuss The door swing symbols indicate which direction the doors swing Can all these doors open without interfering with the people traffic? Why or why not? frank ungrad/Shutterstock.com

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Survey the Storage Space It is important to have adequate storage available throughout the home Storage needs to be in conveniently located places close to where the items are used Built-in storage includes shelves and drawers built into the house

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Survey the Storage Space Carefully evaluate the floor plan for the adequacy of storage needed the amount of storage available Determine the storage available before moving in Anne Kitzman/Shutterstock.com

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Planning for Storage When planning for storage, consider the needs of the individual occupants common-use storage needs Devote about 10 percent of the house floor space for planned for storage Storage can be provided by closets built-in shelves and drawers furniture pieces

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Evaluating the Floor Plan Although there is no perfect floor plan, evaluating the floor plan can identify areas that need attention to make the house easy and convenient to live in and use There are some questions you can ask when evaluating a floor plan continued

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Evaluating the Floor Plan A no to these questions indicates a challenge to address Would all members of the household have enough space to satisfy their needs? Are rooms grouped according to function? Are private areas away from public view and traffic? If a multipurpose room exists, can it be used for all the intended purposes? continued

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Evaluating the Floor Plan A no to these additional questions indicates a challenge to address Are eating areas close to the kitchen? Is space provided for entertaining as well as day-to-day activities? Are the entrances conveniently located? Are the traffic patterns safe and convenient? Is storage adequate and convenient? Is the house free of barriers?

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Image shutterstock.com Discuss Evaluating the floor plan is important before making a housing choice How would you evaluate the grouping of rooms (zoning or areas) in the floor plan? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the closeness of the kitchen and eating area? Anna Marynenko/Shutterstock.com yampi/Shutterstock.com

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Housing Modifications for People with Special Needs For all members of the household, including those with mobility limitations, housing should provide convenience safety accessibility This includes the exterior and interior area of the home

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Exteriors Accessibility considerations for exteriors include flat lots for easy access entrances facing south (to melt ice and snow) nonskid surfaces driveways and garages wide enough to move in and around with wheelchairs automatic garage door openers with automatic lights continued

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Exteriors Additional exterior accessibility considerations include a flat entrance with no steps ramps with handrails wide sidewalks, ramps, and entries for easy use by wheelchairs push-button/automatic doors lever door handles good lighting outdoors and at entry areas

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Interiors Accessible interior considerations include stairs that are not steep wood or hard-surface floor coverings, low pile carpet (for easy mobility) floor plans that accommodate wheelchairs or walkers open traffic lanes leading to specific areas continued

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Image shutterstock.com Discuss Ability to open a door is an accessibility issue for some people How easy would these door handles and knobs be to use by all persons? What features make them accessible or inaccessible? yampi/Shutterstock.com Christophe Testi/Shutterstock.com

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Interiors Other interior accessibility considerations include halls that are at least 4 feet wide rooms with adequate turnaround space for wheelchairs (usually 5 feet) doors that swing both ways or fold for ease of use and 32 doorways storage space, equipment, and appliances within easy reach continued

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Interiors Additional accessibility considerations are electrical outlets 2436 off floor and switches no higher than 48 pull out trays and drawers mounted sinks and toilets for easy access doors for showers/bathtubs for easy access grab bars in toilets, bathtubs/showers lever handles home elevator/staircase lift

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Image shutterstock.com Discuss Flooring materials require special consideration Which of these two flooring materials would be better for a wheelchair? Why? Vadym Andrushchenko/Shutterstock.comBreadmaker/Shutterstock.com

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Image shutterstock.com Architectural drawings contain information about the size, shape, and location of all parts of a house Architectural drawings are drawn to scale Prints are made from the scaled drawings and include schedules specifications Architectural drawings include several views Recap continued

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Image shutterstock.com Becoming familiar with the special lines and symbols used on architectural plans leads to understanding Types of architectural drawings for a house include plan (floor plan), elevation (exterior), section, and detail views isometric drawings renderings and models Recap continued

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Image shutterstock.com Consider actual space needs within a house Rooms are generally grouped by function room relationship circulation activities Space is divided into three areas, including private areas work areas social areas Recap continued

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Image shutterstock.com Planned traffic patterns help reduce and prevent traffic congestion provide space for opening doors Organizing space to provide adequate storage includes using built-in storage storage units storage furniture Recap continued

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Image shutterstock.com Modifications to the exterior and interior of a space are sometimes necessary to meet the needs of household members who have physical disabilities Houses that are safe, convenient, and accessible for people who have disabilities will meet the needs of any occupant Recap

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Image shutterstock.com CHAPTER 7 Understanding House Plans