Image Display and Corrections-pointOps

7/23/2019 Image Display and Corrections-pointOps

1/73

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1

GNR630

I G

I:

P. B. K M

P. (M.) P.

P. . . G

CRE, II B

//@...

6

L 0304 I D C

J 13/18, 2012 11.05 AM 12.30 PM

O C

I D

H

D

G

I E

II B 1

GNR630 L0304 BKM/P/G

J 13/18, 2012 L0304 I D C


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2

E

N .

I 0 255, 1

I 255, .

A , A Q,I, I C 11 10 ADC

2 .

II B 02

GNR630 L0304 B. K M

M D I

P

D I P R ?

N ( )

F R

R

II B 03

GNR630 L0304 B. K M


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3

M D I

P

D I P R ?

C ( )

G

A /

E

II B 79

GNR630 L0304 B. K M

O D I P

Early 1920s: One of the first applications in the news-

paper industry, cable transmission between NY and

London

Source: http://www. imageprocessingplace.com

II B 05

GNR630 L0304 B. K M


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4

H D

M 1920: I B N I

I .

II B 06

GNR630 L0304 B. K M

R M

I

C 7 A

II B 07

GNR630 L0304 B. K M


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5

M

D

1979: G N.

H& P. A M. C

N P

, C

A (CA)

II B 08

GNR630 L0304 B. K M

1980

1980 :

I /

A

M

I

L

H

II B 09

GNR630 L0304 B. K M


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6

I

G R

R

/I R

M

R

F

II B 10

GNR630 L0304 B. K M

C I P

I

I D

I

C I P

P

I /

II B 11

GNR630 L0304 B. K M


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7

I I I

D() H

D D DIP/DIA

G P. C

I A

II B 12

GNR630 L0304 B. K M

PCB I P

/

M / /

II B 13

GNR630 L0304 B. K M


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8

I P

D I P

Final Interpretation

II B 14

I

A

I

C

I

E

I

F

I

C

GNR630 L0304 B. K M


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9

I P I A

I C

I E

I

F

C

A A

C D E R C

A

II B 15

GNR630 L0304 B. K M

I D

R G

I D

D

B G

G G

II B 16

GNR630 L 34 B. K M


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10

C C C

I

,

D

D

D

II B 17

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

F C C

A ()

/ /

A FCC : D D

II B 18

GNR630 L 34 B. K M


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11

EFCC

II B 19

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

N C C

A () //

F : D D

II B 20

GNR630 L 34 B. K M


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12

NCC

II B 21

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

B & I

A /

, .

0 ()

2L1 ()

I ,

F L=8, = 0, = 255

II B 22

GNR630 L 34 B. K M


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13

G

II B 23

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

G I

E R..

A .

A (AR )

A H ?

R, G B

,

&

II B 24

GNR630 L 34 B. K M


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14

B&I

II B 25

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

C D

M D


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15

C D

M D

BIL

BQ

BIP

II B 26

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

I A

B 1

B 2

B 3

G

D

II B 27

O

GNR630 L 34 B. K M


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16

BIL

B

MN I; K B; O

B11B12 B1N

B21B22 B2N

B1B2 BN

A CD M.K , N

; E K ONE RO

ON HE GROND

II B 28

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

BIL FILE

RCRE

B 1 R1

B K R1

B1 R2

B K R2

B 1 R M

B K R M

I

M

N

K B

II B 29

GNR630 L 34 B. K M


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17

BIL

BIL

,

(ERDA, PCI, )

L I/O

.M

II B 30

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

BQ

B

B11B12 B1N

B21B22 B2N

BM1BM2 BMN

, , BK

II B 31

GNR630 L 34 B. K M


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BQ FILE RCREB 1 R 1

B 1 R M

B2 R 1

B 2 R M

B K R 1

B K R M

I

M

N

K B

B 1

B 2

B K

II B 32

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

BQ

I

,

, , .

M

II B 33

GNR630 L 34 B. K M


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19

BIP

B

C , ,

R G B R G B R G B

L

II B 34

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

BIP

B 1 B 2 B K B 1 B 2 B K B K

R 1 R 1 R 1 R 1 R 1 R 1 R 1

P 1 P 1 P 1 P 2 P 2 P 2 P N

F R

B 1 B 2 B K B 1 B 2 B K B KR 2 R 2 R 2 R 2 R 2 R 2 R 2

P 1 P 1 P 1 P 2 P 2 P 2 P N

R

B 1 B 2 B K B 1 B 2 B K B K

R M R M R M R M R M R M R M

P 1 P 1 P 1 P 2 P 2 P 2 P N

M R

II B 35

GNR630 L 34 B. K M


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20

F D R

D

:

LGOG( )

G

P (.., ERDA IMG)

II B 36

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

I P


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21

D I

N D

()

R

D

G D

P

R D

R

II B 37

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

B

P

A

R

II B 38

GNR630 L 34 B. K M


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22

A

. O

.

.

.

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

II B 39

P

R

P. JJ,

C

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

II B 40


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23

A

R

P. J J,

C

II B 41

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

D E

( )

D

D

D ( )

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

II B 42


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24

E

IR1C P

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

II B 43

N

I

, , .

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

II B 44


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RN

R

P. J

J,

C

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

II B 45

L C D

I L , () , ..,

I PO, IR,I .,

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

II B 46


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26

M

R

P. J

J,

C

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

II B 47

C L C D

B ( ), ( ) .

(A ), () ( )

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

II B 48


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27

G D

N

P

E

R

E

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

II B 49

E: P D

(.)

R

P P

(/)

II B 50

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

R 2.3

R

J


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28

E G E

E

(, )

B ,

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

II B 51

A E

R

.

I . ,

. D

,

,

.

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

II B 52


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29

A E

P E

R:

P:

:

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

II B 53

G C

N

F ALL

M

M E

O

A

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

II B 54


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30

G C

P A ,

C

P

R .

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

II B 55

P I C L (,)

L (,)

. F ,

L = 1 + 2 + 3 = 1 + 2 + 3

, ,,

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

II B 56


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31

P I C I IFO , , 5.8 5.8,

6 6 5.5 5.5

F ,

= 1 + 2 + 3 + 42 + 5

2 + 6 = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4

2 + 52 + 6

12 12

II B 57

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

P C I ,

F ,

(,) (,) M

M

II B 58

GNR630 L 34 B. K M


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32

C P

H ?

II B 59

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

I C

()

II B 60

GNR630 L 34 B. K M


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33

I C

(

)

II B 61

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

G C P

.

1 = 1.1+ 1.1+ 11 = 2.1+ 2.1+ 22 = 1.2+ 1.2+ 12 = 2.2+ 2.2+ 23 = 1.3+ 1.3+ 13 = 2.3+ 2.3+ 2

M

II B 62

GNR630 L 34 B. K M


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34

G C P

GCP :

I (

) 1:25,000 1:50,000

O

G P (GP)

II B 63

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

C P

R

P.JJ,

C

II B 64

GNR630 L 34 B. K M


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35

C

:

R

II B 65

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

C

G , , , .

II B 66

GNR630 L 34 B. K M


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36

R

P. J

J,

C

II B 67

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

E

I GCP ,

.

()

' ' 2 ' ' 2

1

1( ) ( )

N

orig comp orig comp

i

x x y yN

=

+

II B 68

GNR630 L 34 B. K M


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37

E

E

I GCP

RM

' ' 2 ' ' 2( ) ( )

orig comp orig compx x y y +

II B 69

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

H O 1

2 2

1 1 1 1 1 1

2 2

2 2 2 2 2 2

''

x a x b xy c y d x e y fy a x b xy c y d x e y f

= + + + + +

= + + + + +

B ,

. A GCP .

C 1 5 .

II B 70

GNR630 L 34 B. K M


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38

R I I

:

F , ..,

R , ..,

II B 71

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

R

P.

J J,

C

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

II B 72


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39

I I

I ,

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

II B 73

I

I

,

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

II B 74


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40

I I

R

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

II B 75

N N I

P

A

B

C

D

I

M:

N N

BI

H

()

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

II B 76


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41

N N I

P

M A, B, C D

L DAP P A, DBP, DCP, DDP

P

K {A,B,C,D}

DKP=

MDAP, DBP, DCP, DDP

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

II B 77

I NN I

F

N

R

.., IR1D LIIII 1

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

II B 78


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42

B I

A ,

.

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

II B 79

B I P

P

A

B

C

D

B I(C,P)

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

II B 80


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43

B I

D P

(P), (A), (B), (C)

(D),

A= 1/(A,P), (A,P)

A P.

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( ) A B C D

A B C D

w f A w f B w f C w f Df P

w w w w

+ + +=

+ + +

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

II B 81

I I R

, .

R

. I A B, B A .

I , A , B .

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

II B 82


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44

I R

M

,

/

.

.

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

II B 83

I M

I ,

.

R

.

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

II B 84


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45

I M

I

, ,

E:G E

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

II B 85

M

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

II B 86


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46

M P

G

I

A

A

() F /

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

II B 87

M P

O A

M

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

II B 88


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47

E

R

P.

J J,

C

II B 89

GNR630 L 34 B. K M

H I


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48

C H

G F, MN,

() #, , 0 1 0 1

(), 0 K1, K

,

.

()

.

O,

() = M . N

II B 90

GNR630 L 11 B. K M

II B 91

GNR630 L 11 B. K M

H


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49

H ,

. D

, 0255, 0

1023, 02047, 063, 0127 .

II B 92

GNR630 L 11 B. K M

H

()

() = () / (M.N)

()

( . ) () = 1

MIN = () () 0

MA = () () 0

II B 93

GNR630 L 11 B. K M


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A H

D

N 0 255 ;

0 255 ,

I MM

,

II B 94

GNR630 L 11 B. K M

II B 95

GNR630 L 11 B. K M

H


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I

II B 96

GNR630 L 11 B. K M

H L C I

II B 97

GNR630 L 11 B. K M


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L C I

II B 98

GNR630 L 11 B. K M

I H

MIN MIN = : () 0

M MA = : () 0

M

= .() / (M.N)

2 = ()2 / (M.N)

M

M = : =0() = (M.N)/2

II B 99

GNR630 L 11 B. K M


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53

I E

M

I

,

II B 100

GNR630 L 5 B. K M


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C?

C ( )

II B 101

GNR630 L 5 B. K M

C

1

II B 102

GNR630 L 5 B. K M


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C2

II B 103

GNR630 L 5 B. K M

LC

I

II B 104

GNR630 L 5 B. K M


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IH

II B 105

GNR630 L 5 B. K M

R G L R I

M

I= () 0

I= () 0

A (I I)

.

II B 106

GNR630 L 5 B. K M


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57

P O

P O

,

.

P

.

= H

, H

II B 107

GNR630 L 5 B. K M

P O

I ,

NO

I K, 2K

, 0 , 1, , 2K1

II B 108

GNR630 L 5 B. K M


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L C

O O,

(O O+ 1)

E: O= 0

O= 255

L I I.

II B 109

GNR630 L 5 B. K M

L C

,

(O O) >> (I I) I I ,

I I ,

II B 110

GNR630 L 5 B. K M


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59

L C L

.

max min

min

max min

min

max min

max min

( )

= m.( ), where

O Oy x I

I I

x I

O OmI I

=

=

x is the input level andy is the output level

II B 111

GNR630 L 5 B. K M

Omax

Omin

Imin Imax Input level

Linear Contrast Stretch

m > 1 stretching

m < 1 compressing

m is the slope of the

line

Output level

m=1

line

II B 112

GNR630 L 5 B. K M


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LCI

II B 113

GNR630 L 5 B. K M

After

linear

contraststretch

II B 114

GNR630 L 5 B. K M


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LCI

II B 115

GNR630 L 5 B. K M

AE

II B 116

GNR630 L 5 B. K M


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H

.

I 0 255,

II B 117

GNR630 L 5 B. K M

0 A B 255 n

h(n) E G

L

II B 118

GNR630 L 5 B. K M


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I C L

A B

A

O= 0; O= 255;

I= A; I= B

A

= .(I

)

II B 119

GNR630 L 5 B. K M

A C L

M

.

I , I I

I= .

I= + .

, 1 2

II B 120

GNR630 L 5 B. K M


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N

H ;

,

II B 121

GNR630 L 5 B. K M

L

= .(1+) +

N ,

G

,

II B 122

GNR630 L 5 B. K M


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Input

Output

II B 123

L

GNR630 L 5 B. K M

AE

II B 124

GNR630 L 5 B. K M


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AL

II B 125

GNR630 L 5 B. K M

E

E

,

= . +

(.).

II B 126

GNR630 L 5 B. K M


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A

E

II B 127

GNR630 L 5 B. K M

AE

II B 128

GNR630 L 5 B. K M


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P E

I ,

,

.

II B 129

GNR630 L 5 B. K M

x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x

Piecewise contrast

enhancement

II B 130

GNR630 L 5 B. K M


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A

,

.

= 1, <

= 2 .

II B 131

GNR630 L 5 B. K M

A

,

.

= 1 1< < 2

= 2

II B 132

GNR630 L 5 B. K M


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II B 133

GNR630 L 5 B. K M

60

II B 134

GNR630 L 5 B. K M


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D

D ,

. F ,

,

= 1 0 < < 1

= 2 1< < 2

= 1< <

II B 135

GNR630 L 5 B. K M

Input image

and its

histogram

II B 136

GNR630 L 5 B. K M


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Density Sliced

to four levels

II B 137

GNR630 L 5 B. K M

C F C

E M

A

L

A

A

II B 138

GNR630 L 5 B. K M


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Image Display and Corrections-pointOps