Im Health 7 Intentional Injury

8/9/2019 Im Health 7 Intentional Injury

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What is Cyberbullying?

Cyberbullying is bullying thattakes place using electronic

technology. Electronictechnology includes devices

and equipment such as cell phones, computers, and tablets

as well as communication tools


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including social media sites,

text messages, chat, andwebsites.

Examples of cyberbullyinginclude mean text messages or

emails, rumors sent by email or

posted on social networking sites,


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and embarrassing pictures,

videos, websites, or fake profiles.

Why Cyberbullying is

Different?Kids who are being cyber

bullied are often bullied in person as well. Additionally,

kids who are cyber bullied have


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a harder time getting away from

the behavior.•Cyberbullying can happen !

hours a day, " days a week, andreach a kid even when he or

she is alone. #t can happen any

time of the day or night.


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• Cyberbullying messages and

images can be postedanonymously and distributed

quickly to a very wide audience.#t can be difficult and sometimes

impossible to trace the source.

• $eleting inappropriate or

harassing messages, texts, and


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pictures is extremely difficult

after they have been posted or sent.


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Effects of Cyberbullying

Cell phones and computersthemselves are not to blame for

cyber bullying. %ocial mediasites can be used for positive

activities, like connecting kids

with friends and family, helping

students with school, and for


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entertainment. &ut these tools

can also be used to hurt other people. 'hether done in person

or through technology, theeffects of bullying are similar.

Kids who are cyber bullied

are more likely to(

• )se alcohol and drugs


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• %kip school

• Experience in*person bullying

• &e unwilling to attendschool

•

+eceive poor grades• ave lower self*esteem


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• ave more health

problems

Frequency of Cyber bullying -he /*// %chool

Crime %upplement 01ationalCenter for Education %tatistics

and &ureau of 2ustice

http://nces.ed.gov/programs/crimeindicators/crimeindicators2013/index.asphttp://nces.ed.gov/programs/crimeindicators/crimeindicators2013/index.asphttp://nces.ed.gov/programs/crimeindicators/crimeindicators2013/index.asphttp://nces.ed.gov/programs/crimeindicators/crimeindicators2013/index.asp


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%tatistics3 indicates that 45 of

students in grades 67/experienced cyberbullying.

-he /8 9outh +isk &ehavior %urveillance

%urvey finds that /:5 of high

school students 0grades 4*/3

http://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/yrbs/index.htmhttp://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/yrbs/index.htmhttp://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/yrbs/index.htmhttp://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/yrbs/index.htmhttp://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/yrbs/index.htmhttp://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/yrbs/index.htm


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were electronically bullied in

the past year. +esearch on cyberbullying

is growing. owever, becausekids; technology use changes

rapidly, it is difficult to design

surveys that accurately capture

trends.


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INTENTIONAL INJ!"

-he term


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interpersonal acts of violence

intended to cause harm.>a=or risk factors for

intentional in=uries frominterpersonal or self*inflicted

violence include(

o Access to firearms,


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o istory of interpersonal

violence,o Alcohol abuse,

o

>ental illness, ando ?overty.


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#n=uries are responsible for

countless lost lives, decreasedquality of life, and substantial

health care costs. 'hile in=uriesafflict everyone, people of color

and low*income populations are

particularly vulnerable. @uality

in=ury prevention is essential to


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closing this health*equity gap

and to improving wellnessoutcomes for all.

-here are two types of

in=uries( unintentional and

intentionalviolence.

)nintentional in=uries include

traffic*related in=uries, falls,


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burns, poisonings, and

drowning.#ntentional in=uries or

violence include homicides,rapes, suicides, abuse and

assaults.

#ntentional and unintentional

in=uries were first clustered


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together as a single field

because both manifest astrauma. 'hile the fields tend to

be differentiated today, there

are a number of similarities in

terms of their overarching

approach to preventing the


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in=uries from occurring in the

first place.


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STALKING is unwanted or

obsessive attention by anindividual or group toward

another person. %talking behaviors are related to

harassment and intimidation

and may include following thevictim in person or monitoring


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them. -he word stalking is

used, with some differingmeanings, in psychology and

psychiatry and also in some

legal =urisdictions as a term for

a criminal offense.

According to a report bythe 1ational Center for Bictims


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of Crime,


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DEFINITION#-he difficulties associated

with precisely defining thisterm 0or defining it at all3 are

well documented.

aving been used since at

least the /6th century to refer to


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a prowler or a poacher 0xford

English $ictionary3, the termstalker began to be used by the

media in the th century to

describe people who pester and

harass others, initially with

specific reference to theharassment of celebrities by


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strangers who were described

as being


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upon another repeated

unwanted intrusions andcommunications


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stalking is a series of actions

that occur over a period of time.

$#"C%OLO&" AND'E%A(IO!#

?eople characteried as

stalkers may be accused of

having a mistaken belief that


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another person loves them

0erotomania3, or that they needrescuing. %talking can

sometimes consist of an

accumulation of a series of

actions which in themselves can

be legal, such as calling on the


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phone, sending gifts, or sending

emails.%talkers may use threats and

violence to frighten their victims. -hey may also engage

in vandalism and property

damage or make physicalattacks that are mostly meant to


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frighten. Fess common are

sexual assaults.

$sychological effects on

)icti*s

$isruptions in daily life

necessary to escape the stalker,including changes in


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employment, residence and

phone numbers, may take a tollon the victimGs well*being and

lead to a sense of isolation.

According to Famber

+oyakkers(


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repeatedly, unwantedly, and

disruptively breaks into the life*world of the victim, with whom

they have no relationship 0or no

longer have3.

&en+er stu+ies of stal,ers

According to one study,women often target other


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women, whereas men generally

stalk women only.Ty-es of stal,ers

?sychologists often group

individuals who stalk into two

categories( -sychotic and

non-sychotic. %talkers mayhave pre*existing psychotic


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disorders such as delusional

disorder, schioaffectivedisorder, or schiophrenia.

>ost stalkers are nonpsychotic

and may exhibit disorders or

neuroses such as ma=or

depression, ad=ustment disorder,or substance dependence, as


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well as a variety of Axis ##

personality disorders 0such asantisocial, borderline,

dependent, narcissistic, or

paranoid3. %ome of the

symptoms of


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personality disorder. -he

nonpsychotic stalkersG pursuitof victims can be influenced by

various psychological factors,

including anger, hostility,

pro=ection of blame, obsession,

dependency, minimiation,denial, and =ealousy.


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#n ullen et al. 03 identifiedfive types of stalkers(

!e.ecte+ stal,ers pursuetheir victims in order to reverse,

correct, or avenge a re=ection

0e.g. divorce, separation,

termination3.


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!esentful stal,ers pursue a

vendetta because of a sense of grievance against the victims 7

motivated mainly by the desireto frighten and distress the

victim.

Inti*acy see,ers seek to

establish an intimate, loving


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relationship with their victim.

%uch stalkers often believe thatthe victim is a long*sought*after

soul mate, and they were

GmeantG to be together.

Inco*-etent suitors, despite

poor social or courting skills,have a fixation, or in some


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cases, a sense of entitlement to

an intimate relationship withthose who have attracted their

amorous interest. $re+atory

stal,ers spy on the victim in

order to prepare and plan an

attack 7 often sexual 7 on thevictim.

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Im Health 7 Intentional Injury