Ilya Baraev - Bluetooth

7/31/2019 Ilya Baraev - Bluetooth

1/57

1 2005 Nokia Bluetooth.ppt / 2005-07-22 / IB

Bluetooth Wireless Technology and PAN

Ilya Baraev

Research EngineerNokia Corp.


2/57


Learn

Basics of Bluetooth Wireless technology

About possibilities of Bluetooth and areas of application

Practical knowledge about Bluetooth networking

Developer opportunities for Bluetooth wireless technology


3/57


Agenda

Overview

Bluetooth networking details

Profiles

APIs and developers tools

Q&A


4/57


Agenda

Overview


Profiles


Q&A


5/57


Bluetooth Wireless Technology Overview

Appeared in 1994, Bluetooth SIG established in 1998

Bluetooth Wireless technology

Short-range wireless communication

RF over the air (2.4 GHz)

Limited range of connection (10-100m)

Fundamental characteristics Open and royalty free specification

Global usage free of charge

Capability to handle voice and data

Low power and suitable for portable devices


6/57


Bluetooth SIG (Special Interest Group)

Started with 5 member companies

Almost 4000 member companies now

Major task: develop the specification

Additional tasks: IOP testing, marketing, legal, etc

Different levels of contribution and access

Promoter

Associate

Adopter

More information at www.bluetooth.org


7/57


Bluetooth Wireless Technology Core Specification

Core Specification

Low level spec

Architectural overview

Compliance requirements

Higher level specs and profiles are released independently from the core

V1.0b and 1.1 Basic architecture, radio spec, basic protocols

V1.2 (November 2003)

Faster connection, coexistence with WLAN, improved QoS, improved voice quality

V2.0+EDR (November 2004)

Faster data transfer: up to 2.18 Mbit/s (user data rate)


8/57


9/57


PAN Use Cases 1/2

Multiplayer gaming

Low latency games, like action games

Examples:

Nokia Pathway to Glory (6 multiplayer with Bluetooth)

Agile Fighter Bluetooth

Bluetooth Darts

Location-based services

Advertising in shopping malls, tourist guides, providing content at hot-spots

Example:

Nokia Local Marketing Solution (www.nokia.com/localmarketing)

Social applications

Finding friends, exchanging flyers, personal page on a phone Examples:

Nokia Sensor (download at www.nokia.com/sensor)

6th sense (www.sixsense.com)


10/57


PAN Use Cases 2/2

Home

Phone as a remote control, sharing phone content, shopping list on a phone

updated by a smart fridge

Enterprise

Access to email and calendar, synchronization

Example:

Nokia Local Business Connectivity Solution (www.nokia.com/localconnectivity)

Identification

Storing e-tickets in a phone, payments, etc

Etc, etc, etc


11/57


Agenda

Overview


Profiles


Q&A


12/57


Bluetooth Protocols

Bluetooth Radio

Baseband

LMP

HCI

L2CAP

Audio

SDP

RFCOMM

TCS

BIN

AT

comOBEX

PPP

IP

TCP UDP

WAP

application IrDAapplication

Telephony

applications

Physical layer

Network layer

Data link layer

Transport layer

Session layer

Presentation layer

Application layer


13/57


Bluetooth Protocols Details

L2CAP = Logical Link and Control Adaptation Protocol

Packet-based, not fully reliable

RFCOMM

Stream-based, reliable

OBEX = Object Exchange protocol

Object-based

SDP = Service Discovery Protocol

Service discovery

BNEP = Bluetooth Network Emulation Protocol

Ethernet emulation Support for IPv4 and IPv6

More protocols are defined in the specification


14/57


Bluetooth Connection Approach

Common Bluetooth connection approach

Inquiry Servicediscovery Connection Communication


15/57


16/57


Service Discovery

Servicediscovery

A

DB

C


17/57


Service Discovery Details

No central service repository

Each device maintains a database with own services

No central service ID authority

Services are defined by Bluetooth developers

No need to register service

Service identifier is UUID

A set of standard services are in the specification

Each profile specifies a standard service format

Service Discovery Database

Service

Records

Mandatory Attributes Optional Attributes

ServiceRecordHandle ServiceClassIDList......

ServiceRecordHandle ServiceClassIDList

ServiceRecordHandle ServiceClassIDList


18/57


Bluetooth Discovery Issues

Slow

10 sec for inquiry, up to 3 sec for service discovery per device

Problems in dense environments

10+ devices in vicinity

Rather complex source code

Callbacks, synchronization, threads, etc

Tips for improving discovery and connection usability

Mobile Bluetooth Networking with JSR-82 presentation

Presentation #TS-3234 at JavaOne (USA, 2005) Download atjava.sun.com/javaone/


19/57


Paging (Network Setup)

Page scan = Connectable

No page scan =

Non-connectable

Page

BD

C

A


20/57




No page scan =

Non-connectable

BD

C

A

Piconet- one master- 1 to 7 active slaves

master

slave

slave


21/57



BC

Amaster

slave

slave

D

Page

master

slave



22/57



BC

Amaster

slave

slave

D

master

slave


Scatternet- more than one master

- devices have mixed roles


23/57



BC

Amaster

slave

slave

D

master

slave

Switch


24/57



BC

Amaster

slave

slave

D

slave

Piconet

- one master- 1 to 7 active slaves


25/57


Connection Issues

In real life connecting is not easy

Bluetooth state have to be considered

Running inquiry

Running service discovery Active connections

Device role in connection

Point-to-multipoint connections support

Ability to connect and to accept connections in various states is different Partly possible to check using developers APIs


26/57


Basic Rule

Form piconets, avoid scatternets

One master

1 to 7 active slaves

Why

Very often scatternets are not supported

Slower data transfer rate


27/57


Client-Server vs. Master-Slave

3 levels

Application logic level

Developers API level

Bluetooth networking level

A B C D

DB C

A

Bluetooth Master Slave

Developers Initiator Acceptors

(Client) (Servers)

Application Logic Server Clients


28/57


Two Ways to Form a Piconet

Server connects to clients / Application logic

Clients connect to a server with m-s switch / Application logic

DB C

A

Page

Recommended way

DB C

A

Switch

Page


29/57


Master-Slave Switch

Not always supported

Sometimes it is possible to check support using APIs

Rely on master-slave switch only if you know what you are doing Knowledge about the devices and its capabilities

E.g. underlying platforms may have mechanism for master-slave roles configuration

automatically (if master=false)


30/57


Bluetooth Security

Authentication = proving that the other device is the one it claims to be

Ad hoc nature, no third party authorities

Authentication depends on a shared secret (PIN code)

First authentication involves PIN codes (aka pairing, bonding)

Encryption

Based on link key created during authentication

Key maximum size is 128 bit

Additional: Authorization

Permission to access a service


31/57


Agenda

Overview


Profiles


Q&A


32/57


Bluetooth Profiles 1/2

Profile Standard use case

Bluetooth profile defines

Protocol parameters

Combines use of several protocols

Common user experience

Devices with the same profiles are able to:

Find each other

Connect

Communicate

Main goal: Interoperability

Bluetooth Radio

Baseband

LMP

HCI

L2CAP

Audio

SDP

RFCOMM

TCS

BIN

AT

comOBEX

PPP

IP

TCP UDP

WAPapplication IrDA

applicationTelephony

applications

Physical layer

Network layer

Data link layer

Transport layer

Session layer

Presentation layer

Application layer


33/57


Bluetooth Profiles 2/2

Separate from the core specification

Defined in SIG Work Groups

Total 32 profiles (adopted and WIP)

Profile areas

Serial port adaptation

IrDA Interoperability (OBEX) Networking adaptation

A/V connectivity

Peripheral device connectivity

Service discovery Cordless telephony

Transparent bearer


34/57


Bluetooth Profiles: Serial Port Adaptation

Serial Port Profile (SPP)

Enabler/transport, not application profile:

SPP enables serial port (COM) connectivity

Serial port (RS232 or similar) emulation

Features:

Channel multiplexing

Optional flow control

Application Profiles

Dial-Up Networking Profile (DUNP)

Fax Profile (FAX) Hands-Free Profile (HFP)

Baseband

LMP L2CAP

RFCOMM SDP

(Serial port emul.or other API)

GWDT

Internet

CellularNetwork


35/57


Bluetooth Profiles: IrDA Interoperability (OBEX)

Generic Object Exchange Profile (GOEP)

Enabler/transport, not application profile:SPP enables OBEX transport, thus IrDAinteroperability

Feature: Connect/disconnect OBEX/object exchange

sessions

Push/pull objects

OBEX sessions with authentication

Application Profiles

Object Push Profile (OPP)

File Transfer Profile (FTP)

Synchronization Profile (Sync) Basic Imaging Profile (BIP)

Basic Printing Profile (BPP)

Baseband

LMP L2CAP

RFCOMM SDP

(Applicationserver or client)

OBEX

Sender

Printer

push

pull

Pushclient

Pushserver


36/57


37/57


Bluetooth Profiles: Audio/Video Connectivity

Advanced Audio Distribution Profile (A2DP) /

Generic A/V Distribution Profile (GAVDP)

(Near) CD quality stereo audio streaming in real-

time to one device

Video Distribution Profile (VDP) / Generic A/V

Distribution Profile (GAVDP)

(Small scale) video streaming in real-time

Mixing with audio is possible

A/V Remote Control Profile (AVRCP)

Simple remote control of A/V devices

Designed to complement A2DP and VDP

Typical IR remote commander functionality

Baseband

LMP L2CAP

AVDTP SDP

(Application:

source/sink)

Audio codec

SRC

SNKSNK

SNK

CT CT

TG

TG


38/57


Bluetooth Profiles: Peripheral Device Connectivity

Human Interface Device Profile (HID)

Connect HID devices with PC, PDA, phones: e.g.

keyboard, mouse, joystick

Hardcopy Cable Replacement Profile (HCRP)

Legacy printing/scanning with available drivers and

standard Printer Description Languages

Replacement of parallel cable connectionfor legacy printing and scanning

HID

Host

HID

Host


39/57


Bluetooth Profiles: Other

Transparent bearer

Common ISDN Access Profile (CIP)

SIM Access Profile (SAP)

Service discovery Service Discovery Application Profile (SDAP)

Cordless telephony

Cordless Telephony Profile (CTP)

Intercom Profile (IP)

Other profiles: work in progress


40/57


Agenda

Overview


Profiles


Q&A


41/57


C++ Bluetooth APIs

SDKs and APIs

Windows XP SP2 (or SP1) (msdn.microsoft.com/library/)

BlueZ - Linux Bluetooth stack (www.bluez.org)

Digianswer SDK (www.btsws.com)

Cambridge Silicon Radio Development kit (www.csr.com)

XTNDAccess Car SDK v1.0

Etc

Mobile

Symbian OS (www.symbian.com/developer/techlib/sdl.html)

Nokia Series 60, Series 80 (forum.nokia.com -> Technologies -> Bluetooth)

Palm Inc SDK and HDK

Windows Mobile and Windows CE


42/57


Java Bluetooth APIs

Java APIs for Bluetooth Wireless technology

Standard APIs

Standardized by Java Community Process (www.jcp.org)

Java Specification Request 82 (JSR-82) Defined for Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME)

A number of non-standard APIs

Harald (www.control.lth.se/%7Ejohane/harald/)

JBluez (www.sourceforge.net)

BlueJ (www.sourceforge.net)


43/57


Java APIs for Bluetooth (JSR-82)

Standard API

Defined for Java 2 Micro Edition

Supported by many mobile device models on the market

Nokia: 17 device models are on the market and more are coming

6600, 6260, 6680, 6630, 6681, 7610, 3230, 6670, 6620, 9300, 9500, 8800, 6230,

6230i, 6255, 7710

A few implementations for desktop (J2SE)

List of some : www.javabluetooth.com


44/57


Java APIs for Bluetooth (JSR-82) Details

javax.bluetooth

Discovery:

Inquiry, service discovery, service registration

Communication:

L2CAP, Serial Port Profile (RFCOMM)

Device management:

local and remote device

javax.obex Generic Object Exchange Profile (GOEP)

Optional

Supported on upcoming devices

N90, N91, N70, 6280, 6265, 6265i, 6111, 6270


45/57


Discovery Example 1/2

public void myInquiry() {

// initialize BT stack

da.startInquiry(DiscoveryAgent.GIAC, this);

}

public void deviceDiscovered(RemoteDevice d, DeviceClass cod) {

// save device in a list

}

public void inquiryCompleted(int discType) {

// optional: ask user to select devices out of listmyServiceDiscovery();

}

Inquiry

A

DB C


46/57


Discovery Example 2/2

public void myServiceDiscovery() {

for(i=0; i < deviceList.length; i++) {

da.searchServices(attrset, UUIDset, remd, this);

// wait until search is done

}

connect();

}

public void serviceDiscovered(...) {

// save service in a list

}

public void serviceSearchCompleted(...) {// indicate that the search is done

}

Servicediscovery

DBC

A

i l ( i i k)


47/57


Connection Example (Generic Connection Framework)

public void myConnect() {

String acceptorURL = btspp://localhost: + uuid;

ConnectionNotifier n = Connector.open(acceptorURL);

Connection c = n.acceptAndOpen();

}

public void myConnect() {

Connection c = Connector.open(btspp://0102030406:5);

}

A

B C D

DB C

A

Page

A li ti St t Bl t th C ti


48/57


Application Startup on Bluetooth Connection

Application startup on Bluetooth connection

MIDP 2.0 Push Registry and JSR-82 = Bluetooth Push

Not specified in JSR-82 Only briefly mentioned

Going to be clarified in JSR-248

Few phone support it

S60, starting from 2nd edition, Feature pack 2

6680, 6681, 6682, 6630

N ki Bl t th D l t T l


49/57


Nokia Bluetooth Development Tools

Java SDKs

Nokia Prototype SDK 3.0 for the Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition

Series 40 Developer Platform 2.0 SDK

Series 60 Developer Platform SDK's for Symbian OS, for Java (various versions)

Series 80 Developer Platform SDK's for Symbian OS, for Java

Symbian C++ SDKs

Series 60 Developer Platform SDK's for Symbian OS, for C++ (various versions)

Series 80 Developer Platform 2.0 SDK for Symbian OS

Series 60 Developer Platform SDK for Symbian OS, for C++, v0.9 (for 7650 and 3650)

Nokia 7710 SDK for Symbian OS, For C++

Development suites Nokia Developer's Suite 3.0 for J2ME

Nokia Developer's Suite for Symbian OS

T l I t ti ith IDE


50/57


Tools Integration with IDEs

Tools can be integrated with

Eclipse

CodeWarrior

Borland C++ Mobile Edition Microsoft Visual Studio

Borland JBuilder

NetBeans

Sun Java Studio Mobility 6

IBM WebSphere Studio Device Developer

Sun Wireless Toolkit

etc

Bluetooth Testing Support


51/57


Bluetooth Testing Support

Testing/debugging with Bluetooth hardware

Development on PC with Bluetooth hardware

SDKs have access to Bluetooth hardware

Starting from Series 60 Developer Platform SDK's for Symbian OS, 2nd edition, FP1 For C++ and Java

Nokia Connectivity Framework 1.2

Emulation of Bluetooth traffic

Starting from Series 60 Developer Platform SDK's for Symbian OS, 2nd edition, FP2

For C++ and Java

Download and more information on forum.nokia.com

Future of Bluetooth Wireless Technology


52/57


Future of Bluetooth Wireless Technology

Future releases

Several future releases are planed

More about features on www.bluetooth.org

Interesting collaboration

Bluetooth and Ultra Wide Band (UWB)

UWB

Short-range about 10m

Using wide bandwidth (3.1GHz 10GHz)

High-speed data (up to 480Mbs)

Summary


53/57


Summary

We learned..

Basics of Bluetooth Wireless technology

Practical tips for Bluetooth networking

About Bluetooth APIs and development tools

So start using Bluetooth

and learn more by doing!

References 1/2


54/57


References 1/2

Bluetooth SIG website: www.bluetooth.org

Yuan, Michael, Juntao; Sharp, KevinDeveloping Scalable Series 40

Applications, Nokia Mobile Developer Series, Addison-Wesley, 2005

Kumar, C Bala; Kline, Paul J.; Thompson, Timothy J.Bluetooth ApplicationProgramming with the Java APIs, Morgan Kaufman, 2004

Hopkins, Bruce; Antony, RanjithBluetooth for Java, Apress, 2003

Miller, Brent A.; Bisdikian, Chatschik Bluetooth Revealed, Prentice Hall, 2000

Baraev, Ilya Java APIs for Bluetooth Wireless Technology, Lappeenranta :

Lappeenrannan teknillinen korkeakoulu, 2002

Baraev, Ilya; Mittal Nitin: - Mobile Bluetooth Networking With JSR 82: Practical

recommendations and advanced practices, JavaOne: TS-3234(USA, 2005)

References 2/2


55/57


References 2/2

Java Community Process website (www.jcp.org)

Java APIs for Bluetooth Wireless technology (JSR-82)

www.jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=82

Bluetooth support on Symbian platforms:www.symbian.com/technology/product_descriptions.html

Symbian Developers Library: www.symbian.com/developer/techlib/sdl.html

Forum Nokia: forum.nokia.com



56/57



Q&A



57/57



Ilya Baraev

Research Engineer

Nokia Corp.

Documents

Ilya Baraev - Bluetooth