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Illumination Metering of Artificial Light Source
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College of Engineering, Architecture and Technology
De La Salle University – Dasmariñas
Engineering Department – Electrical Engineering
EEET511a: Illumination Engineering Lecture
Field Work No. 3:
MEASUREMENT OF ARTIFICIAL LIGHT SOURCES
(INDOOR ILLUMINATION)
Date:
August 26, 2014
Onofre E. Algara Jr.
Mark David L. Annang
EEE51
Engr. Gener G. Restubog
Professor, EEET511a
I. OBJECTIVES
1. To determine the average illumination level in each
classroom and hallway on the second floor of Candido Tirona
Hall of De La Salle University - Dasmarinas.
2. To determine the dimensions of each room on the 2nd floor
and hallway of CTH Building.
3. To determine the type of luminaire and specifications of
artificial light source used in each classroom and hallway in
the 2nd floor of CTH building
4. To determine the spacing of each luminaire in the
classroom of CTH second floor.
II. INTRODUCTION
In this field work the artificial source of light is now
involved and the determining the average illumination level in
each room in CTH 2nd floor and the following terms that are
relevant in this fieldwork will be defined and discussed.
Artificial lighting is a man made light source by the use of
lamps like fluorescent, incandescent, compact fluorescent and
halogen lamps and etc. This can save energy in place of using
artificial lighting, which represents a major component of
energy consumption in buildings. Proper lighting can enhance
task performance, improve the appearance of an area, or have
positive psychological effects on occupants. Each lamp type
has its unique characteristic and depends on how the lamp is
used for a specific application.
Lighting is classified by intended use as general, accent, or
task lighting, depending largely on the distribution of the light
produced by the fixture.
Task lighting is mainly functional and is usually the most
concentrated, for purposes such as reading or inspection of
materials. For example, reading poor-quality reproductions
may require task lighting levels up to 1500 lux and some
inspection tasks or surgical procedures require even higher
levels.
General lighting fills in between the two and is intended
for general illumination of an area. Indoors, this would be a
basic lamp on a table or floor, or a fixture on the ceiling.
Outdoors, general lighting for a parking lot may be as low as
10-20 lux since pedestrians and motorists already used to the
dark will need little light for crossing the area.
Recessed lighting is popular, with fixtures mounted into the
ceiling structure so as to appear flush with it. These downlights
can use narrow beam spotlights, or wider-angle floodlights,
both of which are bulbs having their own reflectors. There are
also downlights with internal reflectors designed to accept
common 'A' lamps (light bulbs) which are generally less costly
than reflector lamps. Downlights can be incandescent,
fluorescent, HID (high intensity discharge) or LED.
The type of calculation used in this field work is the lumen
method calculation. Lumen method calculation is the method is
a series of calculations that uses horizontal illuminance
criteria to establish a uniform luminaire layout in a space. In
its simplest form, the lumen method is merely the total number
of lumens available in a room divided by the area of the room.
In order to perform this calculation, many factors,
coefficients, lamp lumen data and other quantities must be
gathered. Despite the scientific impression of the lumen method
equations, there are inaccuracies and assumptions built into the
method. Therefore, the lumen method should not typically be
used as a standalone, final solution; it should be used as a tool
in particularly uniform settings of lighting design if a simple,
rough technique of illuminance quantification is desired.
III. MATERIALS NEEDED
1. Lux Meter
2. Paper and Pencil
3. Tape Meter
IV.PROCEDURES
Before the measurement of the illumination starts, the
measurer must be able to complete the materials needed to
measure the average illumination in each classroom in CTH 2nd
floor:
1. Before measuring the average illumination level in each
room, determine the number of rooms in the second floor
of CTH building. If there is an available floor plan of the
building it is recommended to obtain the floor plan in
order to know the dimensions of each room.
2. The area of the class room must be measured by using a
tape meter and use paper and pencil in order to record
the dimensions of the room. Make certain landmarks and
in order to indicate the area and its divisions. Divide the
whole room area into desired sections lines are drawn in
the row and column of the paper.
3. Measure the illumination level in each class room in CTH
building and this should be done at night time in order to
know the illumination level produced by artificial lighting
in the luminaire. The day time light will affect the reading
of the lux meter in obtaining the illumination of the
artificial light source inside the room. The lux meter height
must be 0.8 m from the ground when it is used for
measuring the illumination.
4. Use lumen method calculation in order to calculate the
spacing of the luminaires and lamps and also the ceiling,
wall and floor reflectance must also be known and other
parameters that are involved in the computation. Any
software can be used for computing the spacing of
luminaires and lamps. The computation must be done
manually.
5. Determine the type of luminaire and lamp that is used in
each room and in the hallway.
6. Use lumen method calculation in order to calculate the
spacing of the luminaires and lamps and also the ceiling,
wall and floor reflectance must also be known and other
parameters that are involved in the computation. Any
software can be used for computing the spacing of
luminaires and lamps. The computation must be done
manually.
7. Repeat steps 2 to 5 for other class rooms in the 2nd floor of
CTH building.
8. Use all the lamp catalogs available in order to determine
the lamp type and its specifications used in each class
room and hallway.
V. MAP LOCATION, PHOTO LOCATION AND SITE ANALYSIS
Map Location of Candido Tirona Hall at De La Salle University – Dasmarinas
PHOTO LOCATION OF EACH LOCATION ON THE BUILDING
CANDIDO TIRONA HALL ROOM NO. 201
CANDIDO TIRONA HALL ROOM NO. 202
CANDIDO TIRONA HALL ROOM NO. 203
CANDIDO TIRONA HALL ROOM NO. 204
CANDIDO TIRONA HALL ROOM NO. 205
CANDIDO TIRONA HALL ROOM NO. 206
CANDIDO TIRONA HALL ROOM NO. 207
CANDIDO TIRONA HALL ROOM NO. 208
CANDIDO TIRONA HALL ROOM NO. 209
CANDIDO TIRONA HALL ROOM NO. 210
CANDIDO TIRONA HALL ROOM NO. 211
CANDIDO TIRONA HALL ROOM NO. 212
CANDIDO TIRONA HALL ROOM NO. 213
HALLWAY 1
HALLWAY 2
HALLWAY 3 HALLWAY4
HALLWAY 5
PHOTO DOCUMENTATION AT CTH209
VI. DATA AND RESULTS
LOCATION
AVERAGE
ILLUMINATION
(LUMENS)
CTH201 180
CTH202 186
CTH203 183
CTH204 176
CTH205 178
CTH206 170
CTH207 208
CTH208 178
CTH209 193
CTH210 189
CTH211 210
CTH212 197
CTH213 197
HALLWAY 1 10.95
HALLWAY 2 12.08
HALLWAY 3 12.5
HALLWAY 4 11.67
HALLWAY 5 10.68
Table 1: Average Indoor Illumination Level
Figure 1: Light Distribution Profile of CANDIDO TIRONA HALL ROOM NO. 201
20 50 60 30 40
20 50 60 30 40
22 210 150 270 200 300 400 170 140 160 13
31 300 210 180 235 257 146 146 345 175 11
26 280 340 230 282 260 153 153 350 180 12
19 190 270 350 271 284 163 163 271 153 13
17 210 190 180 285 298 183 183 284 136 15
20 180 240 190 270 268 149 149 390 183 11
28 180 200 200 331 336 161 161 361 213 12
14 290 190 140 207 331 145 145 262 138 12
10 370 300 281 270 216 268 279 287 149 17
15 100 420 400 391 336 288 402 391 161 22
20 154 393 407 408 331 410 408 383 145 29
32 66 194 255 207 171 210 251 185 57 33
13 31 25 49 43 35 41 32 45 22 42
Figure 2: Light Distribution Profile of CANDIDO TIRONA HALL ROOM NO. 202
26 62 78 54 70
63 107 67 72 44
45 130 203 210 219 224 226 126 143 163 17
40 220 263 300 254 267 480 165 348 178 19
33 200 393 250 301 264 465 168 353 183 18
31 110 323 130 290 240 355 258 274 156 17
34 130 373 300 304 226 320 238 287 122 15
42 100 333 290 289 256 354 167 393 169 19
28 135 323 280 350 188 265 155 364 199 18
24 245 433 340 226 193 281 171 265 124 18
29 325 488 199 289 308 158 137 290 135 13
41 379 408 80 410 188 138 186 394 111 8
46 434 381 73 427 193 16 180 386 95 1
58 399 182 225 226 253 216 251 188 7 3
39 31 13 23 62 49 55 37 48 28 12
Figure 3: Light Distribution Profile of CANDIDO TIRONA HALL ROOM NO. 203
23 33 21 11 16
60 78 10 29 15
57 106 169 119 275 110 234 165 255 253 11
33 196 229 209 310 153 488 189 460 268 13
28 176 359 159 357 150 481 182 465 273 12
21 86 289 39 346 126 271 172 386 246 11
19 106 209 209 360 112 251 152 299 229 9
33 76 259 199 345 142 285 186 405 276 13
41 76 219 189 406 74 273 174 376 306 12
27 186 209 249 282 79 289 190 277 231 12
23 266 319 108 345 194 166 56 302 242 7
28 104 439 111 466 74 146 167 406 254 2
33 158 412 104 483 79 24 161 398 238 5
45 70 213 256 282 239 224 318 200 150 1
26 35 44 462 118 375 393 537 60 115 8
Figure 4: Light Distribution Profile of CANDIDO TIRONA HALL ROOM NO. 204
33 19 24 39 16
40 30 10 20 17
51 100 150 117 276 101 200 156 257 254 14
55 120 210 133 412 176 235 143 345 288 16
82 100 340 127 408 153 282 176 350 178 26
79 55 270 109 267 124 271 135 271 207 20
12 112 190 103 289 177 285 113 284 244 24
13 156 240 176 415 147 270 166 390 189 18
20 119 200 125 403 169 331 187 361 200 20
60 204 190 189 258 219 207 125 262 156 10
40 107 300 155 281 200 270 224 287 119 40
55 400 391 336 288 336 288 402 391 161 32
87 407 408 331 410 331 410 408 383 145 33
194 255 207 171 210 171 210 251 185 57 15
25 49 43 35 41 41 32 42 45 22 11
Figure 5: Light Distribution Profile of CANDIDO TIRONA HALL ROOM NO. 205
23 21 26 41 18
41 32 53 44 13
7 160 149 267 308 216 274 275 263 151 13
10 175 248 224 296 235 363 294 176 179 11
12 180 347 218 253 202 355 226 385 183 12
13 153 236 253 347 243 281 212 168 149 13
14 136 295 276 274 194 297 171 279 141 15
10 183 304 242 325 217 182 177 371 186 11
7 213 253 215 291 168 193 198 142 216 12
8 138 242 251 142 151 406 233 157 137 12
5 149 281 276 118 107 279 287 287 151 17
21 161 400 413 119 400 402 388 391 163 22
28 145 407 408 331 407 408 367 383 143 29
32 57 255 262 207 255 251 189 185 59 33
41 22 49 54 34 49 32 45 45 25 42
Figure 6: Light Distribution Profile of CANDIDO TIRONA HALL ROOM NO. 206
37 15 28 35 12
6 12 13 14 17
7 100 150 286 169 145 301 273 143 98 7
10 120 231 157 228 276 272 406 155 109 8
12 100 402 208 107 298 293 402 166 111 10
13 55 193 299 116 287 284 260 277 122 11
14 112 184 271 155 309 305 284 298 153 14
10 156 255 262 174 331 336 419 309 164 15
7 119 286 313 203 302 307 390 311 205 19
8 204 177 154 102 224 228 260 252 256 20
5 107 108 125 111 105 109 279 103 87 6
21 200 420 400 391 236 288 402 391 161 22
28 219 393 307 408 331 410 308 383 145 29
32 255 194 255 207 171 210 251 185 57 33
41 49 25 49 43 35 41 42 45 22 42
Figure 7: Light Distribution Profile of CANDIDO TIRONA HALL ROOM NO. 207
43 48 37 47 41
121 78 64 74 122
17 151 256 276 232 191 235 273 257 146 15
36 179 341 412 399 309 380 406 345 175 33
48 183 348 408 395 301 397 402 350 180 45
41 149 273 267 286 208 282 260 271 153 37
38 141 286 289 275 213 271 284 284 136 37
42 186 392 415 390 287 388 419 390 183 41
47 216 363 403 401 298 399 390 361 213 48
31 137 265 258 285 219 282 260 262 138 27
24 151 290 281 270 216 268 279 287 149 21
33 163 395 400 391 336 288 402 391 161 32
35 143 281 407 408 331 410 408 383 145 33
18 59 187 255 207 171 210 251 185 57 15
13 25 49 43 35 41 32 42 45 22 11
Figure 8: Light Distribution Profile of CANDIDO TIRONA HALL ROOM NO. 208
37 45 11 26 12
74 90 11 44 26
26 159 263 282 237 195 238 271 257 123 23
35 249 323 372 272 238 402 295 352 138 32
30 229 453 322 319 235 395 288 357 143 31
23 139 383 202 308 211 275 278 278 116 30
21 159 303 372 322 197 255 258 291 99 28
24 129 353 262 307 227 289 292 397 146 32
32 129 313 252 368 159 277 280 368 176 31
18 239 303 312 244 164 293 296 269 101 31
14 319 392 171 307 279 170 162 294 112 26
19 49 412 52 428 159 150 39 398 124 21
24 103 285 45 445 164 28 33 390 108 15
36 15 86 197 244 324 228 190 192 20 11
17 20 13 40 80 46 39 40 52 15 2
Figure 9: Light Distribution Profile of CANDIDO TIRONA HALL ROOM NO. 209
22 21 17 23 21
60 39 32 37 61
19 155 203 250 234 186 232 256 210 133 15
38 183 288 386 401 304 377 389 298 162 33
50 187 295 382 397 296 394 385 303 167 45
43 153 220 241 288 203 279 243 224 140 37
40 145 233 263 277 208 268 267 237 123 37
44 190 339 389 392 282 385 402 343 170 41
49 220 310 377 403 293 396 373 314 200 48
33 141 212 232 287 214 279 243 215 125 27
26 155 237 255 272 211 265 262 240 136 21
35 167 342 374 393 331 285 385 344 148 32
37 147 228 381 410 326 407 391 336 132 33
20 63 134 229 209 166 207 234 138 44 15
15 29 4 17 37 36 29 25 22 9 11
Figure 10: Light Distribution Profile of CANDIDO TIRONA HALL ROOM NO. 210
32 52 12 40 6
69 97 12 58 20
27 178 250 277 244 196 252 265 201 123 17
23 206 235 413 411 314 297 398 289 152 35
35 210 242 409 407 306 314 394 294 157 47
28 176 167 268 298 213 199 252 215 130 39
25 168 180 290 287 218 188 276 228 113 39
29 213 286 416 402 292 302 411 334 160 43
34 243 257 404 413 303 313 382 305 190 50
18 164 159 259 297 224 196 252 206 115 29
11 178 184 282 282 221 182 271 231 126 23
20 190 289 401 403 341 202 394 335 138 34
22 170 175 408 420 336 324 400 327 122 35
15 86 81 256 219 176 124 243 129 34 17
45 52 57 44 47 46 54 34 11 1 13
Figure 11: Light Distribution Profile of CANDIDO TIRONA HALL ROOM NO. 211
92 50 107 33 108
55 95 107 51 94
17 155 286 153 242 291 245 151 267 220 23
36 183 371 289 391 409 390 284 355 249 39
48 187 378 285 387 401 407 280 360 254 51
41 153 303 144 278 308 292 138 281 227 43
38 145 316 166 267 313 281 162 294 210 43
42 190 422 292 382 387 398 297 400 257 47
47 220 393 280 393 398 409 268 371 287 54
31 141 295 135 277 319 292 138 272 212 33
24 155 320 158 262 316 278 157 297 223 27
33 167 425 277 383 436 298 280 401 235 38
35 147 311 284 400 431 420 286 393 219 39
18 63 217 132 199 271 220 129 195 131 21
13 29 79 80 27 141 42 77 55 96 17
Figure 12: Light Distribution Profile of CANDIDO TIRONA HALL ROOM NO. 212
17 22 11 23 12
45 87 92 55 87
17 168 240 267 243 199 232 276 212 134 19
36 196 325 403 310 317 377 409 300 163 37
48 200 332 399 306 309 394 405 305 168 49
41 166 257 258 197 216 279 263 226 141 41
38 158 270 280 186 221 268 287 239 124 41
42 203 376 406 301 295 385 422 345 171 45
47 233 347 394 312 306 396 393 316 201 52
31 154 249 249 196 227 279 263 217 126 31
24 168 274 272 181 224 265 282 242 137 25
33 180 379 391 302 344 285 405 346 149 36
35 160 265 398 319 339 407 411 338 133 37
18 76 171 246 118 179 207 254 140 45 19
13 42 33 34 54 49 29 45 33 10 15
Figure 13: Light Distribution Profile of CANDIDO TIRONA HALL ROOM NO. 213
45 11 14 13 14
10 23 27 32 34
7 145 276 143 232 281 235 141 257 210 13
11 143 412 223 399 292 380 262 345 269 21
14 227 408 194 395 173 397 293 350 208 20
15 232 267 153 286 284 282 234 271 197 20
14 202 289 276 275 265 271 225 284 276 19
13 245 415 398 390 226 388 296 390 195 37
11 277 403 156 401 257 399 227 361 224 37
11 289 258 232 285 218 282 308 262 309 41
9 176 281 118 270 239 268 289 287 212 48
36 109 400 119 391 141 288 130 391 141 27
48 307 408 331 410 231 410 408 383 145 21
41 187 255 207 171 210 251 185 189 167 32
38 46 54 34 22 21 23 54 19 28 33
Figure 14: Light Distribution Profile of CANDIDO TIRONA HALL ROOM Second
Floor Hallways
a. First Hallway
b. Second Hallway c. Third Hallway d. Fourth Hallway
10 10 10 15 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 20 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 15 10 10
10 10
10 24
18 10
10 10
5
10
10
15
60 10
10 10
10 10
10 10
10 10
10 10
10 10
10 10
10 10
10 10
10
15
10
15
10
e. Fifth Hallway10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
15
10
20
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
15
10
20
10
10
10
10
59
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
54
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
55
55
5
Legend:
For Classrooms:
1 box = 0.6 m x 0.6 m
For Hallways:
1 box = 2 m x 2 m
Ranges for Color Index:
Violet - 1 – 29 lumens
Blue - 30 – 79 lumens
Light Blue - 80 – 129 lumens
Green - 130 -179 lumens
Light Green - 180 – 229 lumens
Yellow - 230 – 279 lumens
Orange - 280 – 330 lumens
Red - 331 above lumens
Lamps/Luminaires Used For the Building Illumination
For Classrooms:
Specifications:
FIREFLY STRAIGHT FLT12
40W DL YFS40/T12D
Description:
The FIREFLY Straight is the
most economical solution for
general lighting applications.
The lamp tube walls are
internally coated with high
quality fluorescent powder
producing a high light output
and excellent color rendition.
It can be operated by
electronic or pre-heat ballast.
Features:
• Non - dimmable
• Wattage : 40 Watts
• Voltage : 220 Volts
• Type: T12
• Life(Hours) : 8000
• color Temperature(K): 6400
• Color Rendering(Ra): 75
• Luminous Flux(Lumens): 2500
• Height: 1220mm
• Width: 38mm
• Base : G13
• Color : Daylight
Item Number: 600100000667
Shipping Weight: 303g
Brand: FIREFLY
Lighting Fixture:
Technical Information:
• Brand: PrimeLights
• Part Number: PL-HB7-W4-T81
• Item Weight: 16 pounds
• Product Dimensions: 48 x 12 x 3.5 inches
• Item model number: PL-HB7-W4-T81
• Assembled Height: 3.50 inches
• Assembled Length: 48 inches
• Assembled Width: 12 inches
• Finish: Matte
Product Description:
Heavy duty, commercial grade high bay fluorescent 4 bulb T8 fixture. Surface mount
or chain hang. Bulbs turn on instantly (bulbs not included). Great for lighting
applications up to 20'. Commonly used in warehouse, industrial, manufacturing,
schools, garages, auto shops, sporting facilities, and big box facilities.
For Hallways:
AUTOMATIC EMERGENCY LIGHT
ORIOLE - OEL888 6Va
SPECIFICATIONS
MODEL CODE : OEL-888
Charge Voltage : 6.7V Regulated
Output Voltage
Current: 350mc Current Limited
Battery: (6V/4AH) Sealed Lead
Acid type, maintenance free
Back-up Time : 1 Lamp
approximately 6 hrs.
2 Lamp approximately 3 hrs.
Battery Cut-off Voltage: 4.7 VDC
Battery Recharge Time: Less than 8 hrs. to 90% of Capacity
Protection AC: Fuse 0.5 Amperes
DC: Fuse 0.5 Amperes
LED INDICATOR
Power: Indicate utility power is present
Charge: Indicate that battery is rechargingand Dim as battery charges up
Breakdown AC: Indicate when AC fuse is busted
DC: Indicate when DC fuse is busted
ADDITIONAL FEATURES
• Automatic discharge cut-off to
prolongthe battery Life
• Individual On/Off switch of each
lamp
• Test button switch
• Detachable AC cord and switch
handle
• Extendable Battery Capacity
• Variable focus of lamp in any
direction
• Holders for replacement parts
SPECIAL FEATURES
• Fully automatic operation
• Instantaneous illumination
• Aesthetically design cabinet
• Easy installation
FIREFLY STANDARD LAMP 40W/F
YFINS40/F
Description:
The FIREFLY Standard GLS(General Lighting
Service) lamp is suitable for a wide variety of
applications because of the low glare and
diffused lighting it produces. A complete range
of wattages are available in frosted finish.
Features:
• Dimmable
Specifications
• Color Temp(K): 2700
• Life(Hours) : 1000
• Color Rendering(Ra) : 100
• Luminoues Flux(Lumens) : 520
• Height : 106mm
• Width : 60mm
• Voltage : 220 Volts
• Wattage : 40 Watts
• Base : E27
• Type : Frosted
• Item Number: 600100000582
• Shipping Weight: 44g
• Brand: FIREFLY
For Fixture:
Cylinder Flush Mount Ceiling Light Fixture
Manufacturer: Justice Design
Item Number: RLLD11598JUS
The Radiance collection is a series of dramatic ceramic pendants
and flush-mount ceiling fixtures.
UL Listing: Suitable for Damp Locations
Lamp Type (Bulbs not included): Incandescent
Size: 8-1/2" h x 6-1/4" d
Note: Bisque Interior Only
Shown: 6100 BIS
Lamp Options: (1) 75W Type R-30 Max
Custom Color: Specify Benjamin Moore paint color number and
description in comments field of order for Solid Paint Color option
(Minimum quantity 4 per color.)
COMPUTATIONS FOR LUMINAIRE SPACING
Room Index = 8.8𝑚 𝑋 6.85𝑚
(6.85+8.8 )1.2 𝑚
Room index = 3.21
Utilization Factor = 0.70
Ceiling, Wall and Floor Reflectance = 0.5, 0.5, 0.2
Hm = 5m – (1m – 0.5 m)
Hm = 3.5m
SHR = 1: 1
S = 1 x 3.5
S = 3.5 m
Minimum no. of rows = 6.85 𝑚
3.5𝑚
= 1.96
= 2
No. of luminaires per row = 8.8𝑚
3.5𝑚
= 2.51
= 3
Spacing of luminaires
Spacing between rows = 6.85 𝑚
2𝑚
= 3.43 m
Spacing in rows = 8.8𝑚
3𝑚
= 2.93 m
VII. Observation and Findings
In this fieldwork, it was observed that each classroom in
the second floor of CTH building had a different illumination
level and their average illumination level too. The type of
luminaire lamp used was a recessed light fixed type luminaire
and fluorescent lamp in each classroom in the 2nd floor of CTH
building. The highest average illumination level was in CTH211
which was 210 lux and the lowest average illumination level was
in CTH206 which was 170 lux. The moderate average illumination
level was in CTH210 approximately 189 lux. The factors that
affected the average illumination level were: the maintenance
factor of the luminaire and the lamp, the utilization factor of
the luminaire and lamp, ceiling, wall and floor reflectance in
each class room and the obstructions like chairs and tables
inside the classroom, the spacing of each luminaire inside the
room, the dust and dirt accumulated in the luminaire and the
distribution of light by the lamp inside the luminaire. As it was
observed in each room from CTH 201 to CTH 205 and from CTH
206 to CTH 213 the four corners of each room had a low
illumination level and some rooms almost reached to 0 lux
because those areas were not reached by the illumination of the
luminaire inside the room like in CTH 205 and CTH 208. Although
the main priority of the illumination of the lamp inside the
luminaire was to illuminate the work plane which were the table
used by the professor, the white board and the chairs where the
students were taking there notes and exams. As time progressed
from the installation of the light source inside the class room
and hallway until present the lumen output of the lamp in the
luminaire also decreased. The illumination level in each room
and the average illumination level was lower because of the
artificial light source was used in the class room and since the
measurement was done at night and if the measurement was
done in day time the measurement of the lux meter will be
affected by sun light since the measurer was only concerned on
the illumination level produced by the artificial light source.
The hallway’s average illumination level was in 10 to 60 lux and
it was almost uniform in all the parts of the hallway. The
hallway had a very low illumination level and resulted to a
lower average illumination level. The presence of the natural
light source which is the moon also affected the reading of the
illumination level along the CTH hallway. The lux meter reading
was in x 10 setting. The spacing of each luminaire in the hallway
and room also affected the illumination level in each square
meter and in the data there were also some parts that had lower
illumination level because the area was not covered by the
illumination from the artificial source of light and some areas
had higher illumination level because they were directly under
the luminaire or closer to the luminaire’s source of light. It is
also observed that the inverse square law was still applied in
the illumination level in each square meter of the room because
there were different illumination levels in each square meter in
the room because distance of each square meter from the
source of light which is the luminaire the distribution of light
also varied. The angle at which the luminaire and lamp was
positioned also contributed in the variation of the illumination
level in each square meter of the room the farther the square
meter from the source the lower the illumination level occurred
and when the square meter is near the source the higher the
illumination level. The wall, ceiling and the floor inside the room
also affected the illumination level in each square meter when
light strikes the wall, ceiling and the floor, the angle of
incidence resulted and when that happened there was also an
angle of reflectance. The utilization factor and room index were
0.70 and 3.21 respectively and the ceiling, wall and floor
reflectance were 0.5, 0.5 and 0.2 respectively. The spacing of
each luminaire was 3.43 meters wide and 2.67 meters long and
minimum number of rows of the luminaire was 2 rows and the
number of luminaires per row was 3. The dimension of each
square meter in each class room was 0.6 x 0.6 meters and the
hallway’s dimensions were 2 x 2 meters.
VIII. Conclusion and Recommendations
In this fieldwork, it is concluded that the average
illumination level of each room in the 2nd floor is measured and
obtained by the use of lux meter. The dimensions of each room
are also obtained and measured and the spacing of the
luminaires are also obtained and computed. The highest
average illumination level in the CTH 2nd floor is in CTH211 which
is 210 lux and the lowest average illumination level is in CTH206
which is 170 lux. The illumination level of each room is divided
into each square meter and the factors that affect the
illumination are: the utilization and maintenance factor of the
lamp and luminaire, the ceiling, wall and floor reflectance,
chairs and tables inside the room and also the dust and dirt
accumulated in the lamp and luminaire affecting its lumen
output. In order to prolong the life span of a lamp inside the
luminaire it must be regularly cleaned and as time progresses
its lumen output will decrease from the time it is installed. No
matter how the lamp and luminaire are cleaned and
maintained its lumen output and performance will deteriorate
and this will make the user buy another lamp for replacing the
old lamp inside the luminaire. Unequal spacing of luminaires
will also result to poor illumination level and overlapping of
luminaires inside the room and proper spacing is required. The
artificial light source which is the lamp used in the luminaire
has a lower lux compared from the natural light source and the
type of lamp used is a fluorescent lamp and its luminaire is a
fixed type recessed light. The concepts inverse square law and
the angle of incidence are also applied in the illumination of
the class room because there are variation of illumination level
in each square meter of the room.
It is recommended that in order to maintain the life span
of an artificial light source may it be any luminaire or lamp
there must be a maintenance schedule for each luminaire and
lamp in the class room and hallway in the 2nd floor of CTH
building because the dust and dirt accumulated in the lamp
and luminaire affects the illumination level. The user must also
know the required lumen output of the lamp in order to meet the
requirements of the room for illuminating the work plane of the
room and the user must buy the commercially available brands
of lamps and luminaires like G.E, Philips, Firefly, Omni etc. This
fieldwork can be used as a reference for future design for
illumination and expansion of CEAT building since there are still
plans of making two CEAT buildings near CTH. The illumination
level of CTH building can still be improved if redesigning is
possible but it will require more cost in labor and buying more
lamps and luminaires but in the meantime maintaining the
luminaires and lamps is one option of maintaining the life span
and prolonging the luminaire and lamp in each room. There
must also be an emergency light in case of blackouts. Buying a
better brand or better specification of the luminaire and lamp
is another option of improving the illumination level of the
class rooms in CTH 2nd floor the user must also have a catalog
and photometric data of each lamp to lessen the time in looking
for the appropriate type of lamp.
