1

ILLNESSES OF SALIVARY GLANDS, LIPS, TONGUE & MOUTH CAVITY

Associate-prof. V.Voloshyn

According prof. Pospishil O.V.& prof. Strukov A.I.

2

ILLNESSES OF SALIVARY GLANDS innate (congenital):

agenesia, hypogenesia, octopia, hypertrophy of glands, additional glands;

imperforation of channels, narrowing or atresia, anomalous branches out, defects of walls with formation of fistulas;

acquired: sialoadenitis, sialoalitiasis, cysts, tumours and

tumular processes.

2

3

Sialoadenitis classification

(A) primary (independent disease); secondary (complication or displays of other

disease) (B)

Acute; Chronic; Chronic with acuting

3

4

Etiology of Sialoadenitis

Microbes

Viruses

Autoimmune process

4

EPIDEMIC PAROTITIS

5

RNA virus – mixovirus group

CYTOMEGALIA

6

DNA virus – herpes group

owl eye

Sjogren’s disease dry keratoconjunctivitis; xerostomia; rheumatic arthritis.

7

Mikulich’s disease xerostomia; xerophtalmia.

AUTOIMMUNE SIALOADENITIS

8

Pathoanatomy of Sialoadenitis

Acute sialoadenitis: serosal, purulent (local or diffuse); gangrenous;

Chronic sialoadenitis: productive intermediate

8

Purulant Sialoadenitis

9

Chronic Sialoadenitis

10

Complication and consequences of Sialoadenitis Acute sialoadenitis → convalescence or chronic prss;

Chronic → sclerosis (cirrhosis) of gland with atrophy of acinus portion, stromal lipomatosis with the decline or function loss ;

→ xerostomia.

10sclerosis of gland

11

SIALOLITHIASIS

The concrements, which present in a gland and more frequent in its channels are the basis of the disease.

More frequently the stones appear in a submandibular gland; stones appear in parotid rarely; sublingual gland is almost never damaged. The men of middle ages ill mainly

11

12

Etiology and pathogeny. The gland channels dyskinesia, their inflammation, stagnation and saliva alkalining, increase of its viscidity, extraneous bodies penetration in the channels are the reasons of salivary stone formations. These factors are instrumental in falling out from saliva of the various salts (calcium phosphate, calcspar) with crystallization them on organic basis — matrix (ephithelial cells rejection, mucin)

12

13

Pathoanatomy. The formed stones have different sizes (from sands to 2 centimeters in a diameter), shapes (oval or oblong), colors (grey, yellow), consistencies (soft, densed). The acute inflammation (sialodochitis) appears at the channel obturation. Very often festering sialoadenitis develops. Sialoadenitis became chronic with the periodic acuteening afterwards.

Complication and consequences. The sclerosis (cirrhosis) of gland develops at chronic motion of sialoadenitis.

13

14

ADENOCELES

Adenoceles more often arise up in the small glands. The reasons of the cysts formations are trauma, channels inflammations with subsequent (послідуючим) sclerosis and obliteration. The sizes of cysts are different. Cysts with mucus or mucoid component are named mucocele.

14

15

TUMOURS

The tumours of salivary glands formed 6% in relation to all tumours which develop in a human; in stomatological oncology they make a greater particle (portion).

15

16

Adenomas: pleomorphic (polymorphic), monomorphic (oxyphilic, adenolimphoma, other types).

Mucoepidermoid tumour. Acinocell tumour. Carcinoma: adenoceles, adenocarcinoma,

epidermoid undifferentiated carcinoma in a polymorphic adenoma (the malignant mixed tumor).

16

Classification of salivary glands tumors (World Health Protection Organozation):

17

Pleomorphic (polymorphic) adenoma:

is most widespread of salivary glands ephithelial tumours. Formed near 50% tumours of this localization. Almost 90% of cases they are in a parotid gland.

17

Macroscopically: round or oval nodes, sometimes hilly, dense or elastic consistency, up to 5-6 cm in diameter. Tumor are surrounded by a thin capsule. The tissue is whitish, often with mucose and cysts.

18

Pleomorphic adoma

18

Can be quite varied. Epithelial cells in the tumor may be

rounded, polygonal, cubic, cylindrical and form as

channel, solid fields, some nest tending. Cells of

myoepithelium with light cytoplasm. Mucoid, mixoid and chondroid tissue areas.

Hyalinosis, epidermidalization and

keratosis present.

19

A monomorphic adenoma

is the bening tumour of salivary glands (1—3%); it is localized mainly in a parotid gland. A tumour grows slowly

Histological classification: oxyphilic; adenolymphomas; basal cells; light cells; mucoepidermal adenomas

19

20

Oxiphilic adenoma (onkocytomas)

Are formed by large cells with small grains in a cytoplasm. Localized mainly in the parotid glands. The cells are placed in a solid field.

20

21

ADENOLIMPHOMAS

21

8.2 8.3

22

MUCOEPIDERMAL ADENOMAS

22

23

A) THE MALIGNANT EPHITHELIAL TUMOURS OF SALIVARY GLANDS

23

B) THE TUMULAR DISEASES -limphoepitelial defeat;-sialosis;-oncocytosis (at adults).

24

DISEASES OF LIPS, TOUNGE AND SOFT TISSUE OF MOUTH CAVITY Cheilitis:

exfoliatic; glandular; contactic; meteorological (actinic); granulomatic (at Melcerson-Rosental syndrom); Cheilitis of Manganotti; inflammation of mouth corners; furuncle of lips; erysipelas (rose)

24

25

GLOSSITIS

desquamative glossitis; diamond-shaped glossitis; black pilose tongue; chronic glossitis.

25

26

STOMATITIS(select next groups): traumatic; infectious; allergic; as a result of exogenous intoxications; at somatic illnesses; at dermatosiss

26

27

HERPETIC STOMATITIS

27

28

CANDIDAL STOMATITIS

28

Tubular hyphens (9.3)

29

Pre-tumours changes

leuoplacy; erytroplacy; chailitis of Manganotti.

29

30

LEUOPLACY (9.4)

30

31

LEUOPLACY (9.5, 9.6)

31

32

VILLOMA

32

33

FLAT-CELLS CANCER (9.8; 9.9)

33

34

CANCER IN SITU (9.10)

34

35

FLAT-CELLS KERATOSIC CANCER (9.11)

35

36

FLAT-CELLS unKERATOSIC CANCER (9.12)

36

37

Thank you for attention!