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Illinois Telephone Users Group
Peoria, ILJune 6, 2007
Presented by:Dean Mischke, P.E.
IPTV –Illinois Public Television
What is IPTV??
• Illinois Public Television• Digital Video delivered over Internet Protocol
– Digital video delivered over a broadband connection by a local service provider
– Video streaming over the public internet from a remote provider is called Internet Television
– When bundled with Voice and Data is called the Triple Play
• Add Mobile Voice to the package to get Quadruple Play
Traditional CATV System
NTSC Video
Off Air Antenna
Satellite Antenna
IRDAnalog LNB
Feed
Baseband Composite
Analog Video & Audio
RF Modulated 6MHz Channel
Demodulator
IRDIRD
DemodulatorDemodulator
Trunk Amp
Satellite Antenna
LNB Feed Digital Video
MPTS
330 MHz to 1000MHz
Integrated ReceiverTerminal/Modulator
To O
SP
Return Amp
Integrated ReceiverTerminal/ModulatorIntegrated Receiver
Terminal/Modulator
40MHz
Cable ModemTermination System
Data Network
64 QAM
IP Switch/Router
IP Access GatewayGR-303 to TDM Switch or H.238 to IP Switch
Premium ChannelsDemodulatorDemodulator
Combiner
Modulator
ModulatorModulator
Modulator
Fiber and Coaxial Plant
TV
TVFiber Feeder
TV
CATV Headend
TV
Up to 3 active nodes
STB
Fiber and Twisted Pair Plant
Public Switched
TelephoneNetwork
Fiber Feeder TV
TV
DLC
TV
Central OfficePOTS Switch
TV
Up to 12,000 feet from DLC to Customer
IPTV Addition to CATV Head End
NTSC Video
Off Air Antenna
Satellite Antenna
IRD
Analog LNB Feed
Demodulator
IRD
DemodulatorDemodulator
Trunk Amp
Satellite Antenna
LNB Feed Digital Video
MPTS
330 MHz to 1000MHz
Integrated ReceiverTerminal/Modulator
To C
oaxi
al
OS
P
Return Amp
Integrated ReceiverTerminal/Modulator
Data Network
64 QAM
IP Switch/Router
IP Access GatewayGR-303 to TDM Switch or H.248 to IP Switch
ModulatorModulator
64 QAM
IP Switch/Router
MPEG 2 Encoder
MPEG 4 Encoder
IRD
To T
wis
ted
Pai
r OS
P
MPEG 2 Encoder
Modulator
Combiner
Cable ModemTermination System
Integrated ReceiverTerminal/Modulator
MPEG 2 Transcoder
Modulator
Digital TV Formats
FormatIndex
VerticalResolution
HorizontalResolution
AspectRatio
ScanType
RefreshRate [Hz] Type
1
480
640 4:3
interlaced 30
2
progressive
24
EDTV
3 30
4 60
5
704 4:3
interlaced 30
6
progressive
24
7 30
8 60
9
704 16:9
interlaced 30
10
progressive
24
11 30
12 60
13
720 1280 16:9 progressive
24
HDTV
14 30
15 60
16
1080 1960 16:9
interlaced 30
17progressive
24
18 30
SDTV
Of which 6 are High Definition
Standard definition TV broadcast today
Digital TV Terms
• Vertical Resolution: Frame width in pixels• Horizontal Resolution: Frame height in one pixel high
lines• Aspect Ratio: Ratio of Width To Height or horizontal
resolution divided by the vertical resolution• Interlaced Scan: Each frame is comprised of two fields:
– The first field contains the odd lines– The second field is sampled approximately 20 ms later
and contains the even lines• Progressive Scan: Each frame is scanned top to bottom• Refresh Rate: Represents the number of frames per
second
What Makes IPTV a Challenge??
• Most DVDs use ¾ of SDTV horizontal resolution which is 528h x 480v x 30 frames a second and is 7,603,200 pixels per second
• 720p-60 (1280h x 720v x 60 fields a second) is 55,296,000 pixels per second
• 1080i-30 (1920h x 1080v x 30 frames a second) is 62,208,000 picture elements, or pixels per second
Drivers of Video Compression for IPTV
• Lower video bandwidth extends the access technology’s Service Reach
• Improves the quality of Sports and other High-Action programs – Premium value channels where performance is key
• Enables High Definition Programs over constrained bandwidth– Requires advanced compression capable HD STBs
• Saves Backbone Bandwidth• Lowers Cost of Program Storage by reducing file sizes
• Only the Syntax & Decoder are standardized. This approach then:– Permits optimization beyond the obvious– Permits complexity reduction for assisting implementations– Allows improvements over time without change-out of CPE– Provides no guarantees of Quality
Pre-Processing EncodingSource
DestinationPost-Processing& Error Recovery
Decoding
Scope of Standard
“Secret Sauce” applied here
StreamSyntax
The Scope of Coding Standardization
MPEG-2
• MPEG-2 (1994) is a standard used to compress audio and video (AV) digital data
• MPEG-2 is the designation for a group of coding standards for AV, agreed upon by MPEG (Moving Pictures Experts Group)
• MPEG-2 is typically used to encode audio and video for broadcast signals, including direct broadcast satellite, IPTV and Cable TV
Required MPEG-2 Bit Rate in Mbps
0 5 10 15 20
HHR SDTV
SDTV
720p-24
720p-60
1080i-30
MPEG-4/H.264
• Introduced in late 1998, is the designation for a group of audio and video coding standards and related technology agreed upon by the ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group
• MPEG-4 incorporates many of the features of MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 and other related standards, adding new features such as (extended) VRML support for 3D rendering, object-oriented composite files (including audio, video and VRML objects), support for externally-specified Digital Rights Management and various types of interactivity
Required MPEG-4 Bit Rate in Mbps
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
HHR SDTV
SDTV
720p-24
720p-60
1080i-30
Windows Media Video (WMV9)
• VC-1 is the informal name of the SMPTE standard 421M describing a video codec based on Windows Media Video version 9. It is an evolution of the conventional DCT-based video codec design also found in H.261, H.263, MPEG-1, MPEG-2, and MPEG-4.
• It is widely characterized as an alternative to the latest ITU-T and MPEG video codec standard known as H.264 (a.k.a. AVC a.k.a. MPEG-4 Part 10). Although VC-1 and WMV9 refer to the same codec technology as far as Microsoft is concerned, VC-1 is actually a superset of WMV9, containing more coding tools for interlaced video sequences than the original WMV9 codec which concentrated on progressive encoding for computer displays.
xDSL Transport System Bandwidth
xDSL Loop Reach
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Kilofeet
Meg
abits
Per
Sec
ond
ADSLADSL 2+Bonded ADSL 2+VDSLVDSL 23 SD ChHDTV
Service vs. Distance over Twisted Pair
ADSL DownS=1/2 DownADSL2 DownADSL2+ Down
28M26M24M22M20M18M16M14M12M10M8M6M4M2M
00 5000 10000 ft 15000 ft 20000 ft 25000 ft
MPEG-2
HD
Internet / VOIP
HybridApproachup to 8k ft
Pure MPEG-4Approachup to 15kft
24 AWG Cu
MPEG-4AVCHD MPEG-4
AVCHD
MPEG-4AVCHD
MPEG-2
MPEG-2
MPEG-2
MPEG-2 MPEG-2
MPEG-2
MPEG-2
MPEG-4 H.264
MPEG-4 H.264
MPEG-4 H.264
MPEG-4 H.264
MPEG-4 H.264
Internet / VOIP Internet / VOIP Internet / VOIP Internet / VOIP
Where to start??
• Set Service Goals for your company– Without a goal, it will be easy to spend money that will be
wasted• New plant will be deployed that exceeds the bandwidth
requirements of the goals accomplished, leaving a stranded investment
• New plant will be inadequate to meet bandwidth required of the goals desired, resulting in duplication of expense to reinforce the network
– It is interesting to note that you do not need to decide on which plant architecture you want to deploy today, only determine the services you want to provide, coverage area, and when they need to be implemented
Where to start??• Goals Continued
– What type of service do you want to provide?• Voice, data, video
– What types of services will be profitable?• Voice?• Data?• Video?• Combination of the above??
– What type of services do you need to provide to maintain your existing customer base?
• Voice, data, video?– Where will you offer the services?
• Entire serving area• Will you offer tiered services based on distance from a fiber
node?• Will you extend your broadband network to reach customers
you currently cannot serve?
Where to start??
• Goals Continued– Why are service goals important?
• Voice: FITL up to 18 kFt– Survives on long loops– Requires almost no bandwidth compared to other
services• Data: FITL up to 12 kFt or HFC
– Can provide 1 to 4 Mbps out to the edge of the loop– Requires relatively little bandwidth for a satisfactory user
experience• Video:
– RF Video: FTTX, HFC– Digital Video: FITL up to 8 kFt, FTTC, FTTX, HFC
Where to start??
• Goals Continued– Set 10 Year Service Goals
• Due to the current regulatory environment, this goal may be impossible to determine
– Possible Settlement Changes will affect revenue– Services allowed
– Set 5 Year Service Goals• This goal may still be a reach; however, it should be
possible to establish a well designed goal
– Set 2 Year Service Goals• This goal is a necessity and should be able to be
accomplished with a reasonable amount of certainty
Why Copper??
• Excels at low cost voice• Excels as a dedicated service• Upstream and downstream capabilities are equal• Passive network to support the customer• Does not require power at the customer premise to
support lifeline voice services• Initially designed as a low bandwidth circuit• Recent technology has dramatically increased the
bandwidth distance curves; however, copper is still considered “bandwidth challenged” beyond 4-6 kFt
Why Fiber??
• Lifetime of fiber is expected to be greater than copper
• “Unlimited” bandwidth capabilities suggest the network will not require upgrading when a new service is required
• Outside Interference is eliminated• Maintenance is less• As the technology matures, better techniques are
continuing to be developed for the constructing and maintaining of the distribution plant
How To Move Forward??
• OSP Design Concepts– For the purpose of this presentation, the
discussion will be focused on a telephone company looking to provide digital video services in the next 5 years
• Practical Applications for– Rural– Urban– Drop
How To Move Forward??• Design Concepts
– Which design concept should you use?• FTIL• FTTC• Active FTTP• Passive FTTP
– Each Design will overlay the other with careful planning. Keep the FSAN GPON standards in mind when designing your network
• Rural– DLC site migrates to a branch point for 6 kFt DLC site closer to the
subscriber– DLC site migrates to the PON site for passive FTTP– Insert a FTTP Blade in the rural DLC to become an OLT for active or
passive FTTP• Urban
– SAC or Cross-Connect cabinet migrates to the 2-4 kFt DLC Site– DLC site migrates to the PON site for FTTP– Insert a FTTP bladed in the DLC site to become a branch point for FTTC– Insert a FTTP blade in the DLC to become an OLT for active or passive
FTTP
How To Move Forward??
• Design Concepts Continued– Fiber Feeder Design
• Just as with FITL, both active and passive FTTP are most cost effective with nodes serving 200 subscribers and larger
• Two feeder fibers can support up to 1000 subscribers in an active FTTP• Each feeder fiber can support up to 32 subscribers in a passive FTTP
– Some industry experts recommend 1 feeder fiber for 16 subscribers as a design criteria in the event that you need more than 1 Gbps for every 32 subscribers
– Distribution Design• Fiber distribution
– Provide 1.2 fiber for every customer or buildable lot– Limit the cable size to 144 fiber or less, preferably less than 96 fiber
• Copper Distribution– Provide 2 pair for every existing customer or buildable lot– Limit distribution lengths to 4 to 6 kFt– Limit FTTC distribution lengths to 1 kFt or 24 subscribers
– Each architecture can overlay the other with careful planning
How To Move Forward??
• Existing Copper Plant
Premise x
Premise 1
Feeder Pedestal
MDF
CO
Twisted Pair
CopperSwitch
Data Network NID
Distribution Pedestal
Distribution Pedestal
Twisted Pair Copper
How To Move Forward??
• FITL: Step 1
• The Feeder pedestal is replaced with the Broadband DLC retaining the distribution copper to serve the subscriber.
Premise x
Premise 1
Broadband DLCFDF
CO
Fiber
Twisted Pair
CopperSwitch
Data Network
NIDDistribution
Pedestal
Distribution Pedestal
COT
Switch
Data Network
COT
9 – 12kFt
How To Move Forward??
• FITL: Step 2
• The Broadband DLC is moved to into the distribution network, retaining the distribution copper to serve the subscriber.
Premise x
Premise 1
Broadband DLC
FDF
CO
Fiber
Twisted Pair
CopperSwitch
Data Network
NIDDistribution
Pedestal
Distribution Pedestal
COT
Switch
Data Network
COT
4 – 6kFt
Fiber
How To Move Forward??
• FTTP: Step 3
• The Broadband DLC is replaced with a PON cabinet or Active FTTP electronics and a fiber drop is placed to serve the subscriber.
Premise x
Premise 1
PON Cabinet or Active Cabinet
FDF
CO
Fiber
Fiber DropSwitch
Data Network
NIDDistribution
Pedestal
Distribution Pedestal
COT
Switch
Data Network
COT
Fiber
Fiber and Coaxial Plant
• Disadvantages– Excel at unified services (several sizes fit all)– Large number of active components in the network– Limited serving area requiring higher subscriber densities to be
cost effective– Networks are typically designed to available the majority of the
time– Difficult to increase capacity, especially in the upstream direction
• Challenges– Customized service provision requires a Set Top Box at every
customer– Network Powering for lifeline POTS– System reliability– Security in a shared network
Fiber and Coaxial Plant
• Original Intent: Video Services– Larger number of channels than what was
available off the air– Provides content that could not be broadcast
over the airwaves– Eliminated the need for external antennas
• Advantages– Very High Bandwidth Capabilities in the
downstream direction– Still the lowest cost network to provide basic
video services