Illinois mineral industry in 1943 · 4Bituminouscoalandlignite,productionbydistricts,1941-1943 17 5 Production indistricts with largeall-rail shipments to the upper Mississippi valley,

s

STATE OF ILLINOIS

DWIGHT H. GREEN, Governor

DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATIONFRANK G. THOMPSON, Director

DIVISION OF THE

STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEYM. M. LEIGHTON, Chief

URBANA

REPORT OF INVESTIGATIONS— No. 101

ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1943

BY

Walter H. Voskuil and Douglas F. Stevens

PRINTED BY AUTHORITY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS

URBANA, ILLINOIS

1944

ffiKsÂTE

'3°51000057483

STATE OF ILLINOIS

DWIGHT H. GREEN, Governor

DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION

FRANK G. THOMPSON, Director

DIVISION OF THE

STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEYM. M. LEIGHTON, Chief

L'RBANA

REPORT OF INVESTIGATIONS — No. 101


BY


PRINTED BY AUTHORITY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS

URBANA, ILLINOIS

1 944

ORGANIZATION

STATE OF ILLINOIS

HON. DWIGHT H. GREEN, Governor

DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATIONHON. FRANK G. THOMPSON, Director

BOARD OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND CONSERVATIONHON. FRANK G. THOMPSON, Chairman

NORMAN L. BOWEN. D.Sc, LL.D., Geology

ROGER ADAMS, Ph.D., D.Sc, Chemistry

LOUIS R. HOWSON, C.E., Engineering

WILLIAM TRELEASE, D.Sc, LL.D., Biology

EZRA JACOB KRAUS, Ph.D., D.Sc, Forestry

ARTHUR CUTTS WILLARD, D.Engr., L.L.D.

President of the University of Illinois

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DIVISIONM. M. LEIGHTON, Chief

(740GC— 2.000 --l-45>

^JIL,/J'r\0 . i

c I

Q^ ^ SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL STAFF OF THE

STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DIVISION100 Natural Resources Building, Urbana

M. M. LEIGHTON, Ph.D., Chief

Enid Townley, M.S., Assistant to the Chief

Velda a. Millard, Junior Asst. to the Chief

Helen E. McMorris, Secretary to the Chief

GEOLOGICAL RESOURCES

CoalG. H. Cady, Ph.D., Senior Geologist and HeadL. C. McCabe, Ph.D., Geologist (on leave)

R. J. Helfinstine, M.S., Mech. Engineer

Charles C. Boley, M.S., Assoc. Mining Eng.Heinz A. Lowenstam, Ph.D., Assoc. Geologist

Bryan Parks, M.S., Asst. Geologist

Earle F. Taylor, M.S., Asst. Geologist

(on leave)

Ralph F. Strete, A.M., Asst. Geologist

M. W. Pullen, Jr., M.S., Asst. Geologist

Robert M. Kosanke, M.A., Asst. Geologist

Robert Ellingwood, B.S., Asst. Geologist

George M. Wilson, M.S., Asst. Geologist

Arnold Eddings, B.A., Research Assistant

(on leave)Henry L. Smith, A.B., Asst. Geologist

Raymond Siever, B.S., Research Assistant

(on leave)

John A. Harrison, B.S., Research Assistant

(on leave)

Mary E. Barnes, B.S., Research Assistant

Margaret Parker, B.S., Research Assistant

Elizabeth Lohmann, B.F.A., Technical Assistant

Industrial Minerals

J. E. Lamar, B.S., Geologist and HeadH. B. WiLLMAN, Ph.D., Geologist

Robert M. Grogan, Ph.D., Assoc. Geologist

Robert T. Anderson, M.A., Asst. Physicist

Robert R. Reynolds, M.S., Asst. Geologist

Margaret Copeland, A.B., Asst. Geologist

Oil and GasA. H. Bell, Ph.D., Geologist and HeadCarl A. Bays, Ph.D., Geologist and EngineerFrederick Squires, B.S., Petroleum EngineerStewart Folk, M.S., Assoc. Geologist (on leave)

Ernest P. DuBois, Ph.D., Assoc. Geologist

David H. Swann, Ph.D., Assoc. Geologist

Virginia Kline, Ph.D., Assoc. Geologist

Paul G. Luckhardt, M.S., Asst. Geologist

(on leave)Wayne F. Meents, Asst. GeologistJames S. Yolton, M.S., Asst. Geologist

Robert N. M. Urash, B.S., Research AssistantMargaret Sands, B.S., Research Assistant

Areal and Engineering GeologyGeorge E. Ekblaw, Ph.D., Geologist and HeadRichard F. Fisher, M.S., Asst. Geologist

Subsurface GeologyL. E. Workman, M.S., Geologist and HeadCarl A. Bays, Ph.D., Geologist and EngineerRobert R. Storm, A.B., Assoc. GeologistArnold C. Mason, B.S., Assoc. Geologist

(on leave)

C. Lelaxd Horberg, Ph.D., Assoc. GeologistFrank E. Tippie, B.S., Asst. GeologistMerlyn B. Buhle, M.S., Asst. GeologistPaul Herbert, Jr., B.S., Asst. GeologistCharles G. Johnson, A.B., Asst. Geologist

(or: leave)

Margaret Castle, Asst. Geologic DraftsmanMarvin P. Meyer, B.S., Asst. GeologistRobert N. M. Urash, B.S., Research AssistantRuth E. Roth, B.S., Research Assistant

Stratigraphy and Paleontology

J. Marvin Weller, Ph.D., Geologist and HeadCiialmer L. Cooper, M.S., Assoc. Geologist

PetrographyRalph E. Grim, Ph.D., PetrographerRichards A. Rowland, Ph.D., Asst. Petrographer

(on leave)

William A. White, B.S., Research Assistant

Physics

R. J. Piersol, Ph.D., PhysicistB. J. Greenwood, B.S., Mech. Engineer

GEOCHEMISTRYFrank H. Reed, Ph.D., Chief ChemistH. W. Jackman, M.S.E., Chemical EngineerP. W. Henline, M.S., Assoc. Chemical EngineerJames C. McCullough, Research AssociateJames H. Hanes, B.S., Research Assistant

(on leave)Leroy S. Miller, B.S., Research AssistantElizabeth Ross Mills, M.S., Research Assistant

CoalG. R. YoHE, Ph.D., ChemistHerman S. Levine, B.S., Research Assistant

Industrial Minerals

J. S. Machin, Ph.D., Chemist and HeadDelbert L. Hanna, A.m., Asst. Chemist

Fluorspar

G. C. Finger, Ph.D., Chemist

X-ray and Spectrography\\. V. Bradley, Ph.D., Chemist

AnalyticalO. W. Rels, Ph.D., Chemist and HeadHoward S. Clark, A.B., Assoc. ChemistL. D. Mc\"icKER. B.S., ChemistWilliam F. Wagner, M.S., Asst. ChemistCameron D. Lewis, B.A., Asst. ChemistHerbert N. Hazelkorn, B.S., Research AssistantWilliam T. Abel, B.A., Research AssistantMelvin a. Rebenstorf, B.S., Research AssistantMarian C. Stoffel, B.S.. Research AssistantJean Lois Rosselot, A.B., Research Assistant

MINERAL ECONOMICSW. H. Voskuil, Ph.D., Mineral EconomistDouglas F. Stevens, M.E., Research AssociateEthel M. King, Research Assistant

PUBLICATIONS AND RECORDSGeorge E. Ekblaw, Ph.D., Geologic EditorChalmer L. Cooper, M.S.. Geologic EditorDorothy E. Rose, B.S., Technical EditorMeredith \L Calkins, Geologic DraftsmanBeulah Featherstone, B.F.A., Asst. Geologic

DraftsmanWillis L. Busch, Principal Technical AssistantPortia Allyn Smith, Technical Files ClerkRosemary Metzger, Technical AssistantLeslie D. Vaughan, Asst. Photographer

Consultants: Ceramics, Cullen W. Parmelee, M.S., D.Sc, and Ralph K. Hursh, B.S., University of Illinois

Alechanical Engineering, Seichi Konzo, \LS., University of Illinois

Topographic Mapping in Cooperation with the United States Geological Survey.This report is a Contribution of the Mineral Economics Section.

November 15, 1944.

Digitized by the Internet Archive

in 2012 with funding from

University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

http://archive.org/details/illinoisminerali101vosk

CONTENTSPage

Introduction 9Acknowledgments 10

Summary of production and value of Illinois minerals in 1943 10

Coal 15

Coal in 1943—the national picture 15

Coal in Illinois 19

Distribution 28Lake shipments of coal 29Coal requirements, April 1, 1944—March 31, 1945 31

Coal prices in 1943 33Cost of production of coal 33Degree-days in 1943 39Fuel briquets and packaged fuel 46Coke and byproducts 47

Petroleum 51

Petroleum in 1943 51

Production 51

Prices of crude oil in 1943 51

Supply and demand 51

Reserves 51

Gasoline consumption in Illinois 51

Gaseous fuel in IlHnois in 1943 55

Stone, Rock Products 58

Limestone, dolomite, and calcareous marl 58

Commercial and government-and-contractor operations 58

Agstone used in Illinois 63

Cement 69Lime 69Mineral wool 69

Clays, Clay Products 71

Clays (including Fuller's earth) 71

Clay products (including siHca refractories) 71

Refractories—clay and silica 71

Structural clay products 71

White wares and pottery 71

Building construction 75

Sand and Gravel 76Silica sand 76Ground silica 76Other sand and gravel 76Commercial and government-and-contractor operations 76Tripoli (amorphous silica) 78

Fluorspar 82

Prices. 82Fluorspar in Illinois 82

Zinc, lead, and silver 87

Other minerals 87Ganister 87

Peat 87

Pyrites 87

Sandstone and miscellaneous stone 87

Minerals processed, but not mined, in Illinois 87

Coke and byproducts 87

Packaged fuel and fuel briquets 89Pig iron 89Sulfuric acid 89Slab zinc 89

Ground feldspar 89Magnesium compounds 89Mineral pigments 89Pig lead 89

Expanded vermiculite 89Alumina 89

Phosphates 89

ILLUSTRATIONS

Figure Page1 Value of annual mineral production in Illinois, 1914-1943 .» 11

2 Bituminous coal production districts east of the Mississippi River 16

3 Map of Illinois showing location of principal coal mining districts and coal beds mined 18

4 Map of Illinois showing location of shipping coal mines, and local mines having annual productionof 5,000 tons or more 20

5 Annual production of Illinois coal, classified by mining methods, 1928-1943 286 Degree-day districts, with averages and ranges 407 Annual production of stone (limestone, dolomite, marl) in Illinois, 1920-1943 598 Agstone used in 1943, showing county averages in pounds per acre of arable land 669 Annual shipments of cement and lime by producers in Illinois, 1920-1943 70

10 Annual sales of clays and clay products by producers in Illinois, 1939-1943 7411 Annual production and value of sand and gravel, and silica sand in IlHnois, 1920-1943 7912 Fluorspar, annual shipments and average value, from Illinois mines, 1913-1943 83

TABLES

Table Page

1 Summary of mineral production of Illinois, sold or used by producers, 1941-1943 12

2 Value of Illinois mineral production, summary of annual values, 1914-1943 14

3 National coal output since 1938 15

4 Bituminous coal and lignite, production by districts, 1941-1943 17

5 Production in districts with large all-rail shipments to the upper Mississippi valley, 1941-1943. . . 17

6 Illinois coal production, by quarters, for the years 1940-1943 17

7 Bituminous coal production in the United States, by states, 1939-1943 21

8 Production of bituminous coal in the Eastern Interior coal field, 1939-1943 21

9 Coal production of all Illinois mines, by t\'pe of mine and by counties, 1943 22

10 Production of bituminous coal in Illinois, and in the United States, by months, 1943 24

11 Amount and value of coal produced in Illinois, showing number and type of mines, 1935-1943 25

12 Origin and destination of revenue railroad shipments of coal, from Illinois, Indiana, Western Ken-tucky, and the Appalachian Fields, in 1942 and 1943 26

13 Origin of lake cargo coal, 1941-1943 29

14 Lake cargo shipments and receipts of coal at Upper Lake docks, 1934-1943 29

15 Lake shipments of coal from the Eastern Interior basin, 1943 30

16 Sources of all-rail coal destined for Chicago, 1941-1943 30

17 Sources of coal destined for St. Louis, 1941-1943 30

18 Summary of estimated lignite and bituminous coal requirements during 12 months ending March31, 1945 31

19 Bituminous coal requirements for price areas 1 and 2 during the 12 months ending March 31, 1945

.

32

20 Coal mine prices, January and December, 1943 34

21 Costs of production of bituminous coal, 1936-1943 36

22 Shipments of coal from Interior basin coal fields, July-December, 1943 38

23 Shipments of bituminous coal, by sizes, from Illinois, July-December^ 1943 39

24 Distribution of bituminous coal produced in Illinois, July-December, 1943 39

25 Types of heating equipment, by degree-day districts 41

26 Degree-days for 47 Illinois cities during 1943 and 1944, by months, compared with normal average

over the period during which records have been kept 42

27 Shipments of fuel briquets of domestic manufacture into the Illinois coal market area, 1941-1943. . 46

28 Retail fuel briquet prices per ton in 1943, by cities and months 47

29 Production and value of packaged fuel in Illinois, 1939-1943 47

30 Statistical summary of the coke industry in Illinois, 1941-1943 48

31 Crude oil production in the United States, by Districts and States, 1938-1943 52

32 Production and value of crude oil and related products in Illinois, 1941-1943 50

33 Average value of crude oil in Illinois, 1937-1943 51

34 Crude oil price changes for Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio, 1943 54

35 Stocks of crude oil and refined products in the United States, in Illinois, and in the Central Refining

District, by months, 1943 .

_

54

36 Estimates of proved oil reserves in the states serving the Illinois area, 1935-1944 55

37 Gasoline sold in Illinois, 1940-1943 by months 55

38 Consumption of natural and manufactured gas in Illinois by classes of consumers, 1940-1943. ... 56

39 Gas sales to ultimate consumers in Illinois, 1943, by uses and by months (in thousands of therms).

. 57

40 Gas sales to ultimate consumers in Illinois, 1943, by uses and by months (in thousands of dollars).

. 57

41 Gas sales to ultimate consumers in Illinois, by principal uses, 1939-1943 58

42 Stone (Hmestone, dolomite, and calcareous marl), by uses, sold or used by producers in Illinois,

1942 and 1943 ^^

Table Page43 Limestone, dolomite, and calcareous marl, bv kinds and by uses, sold or used by producers in Illi-

nois, 1943 61

44 Agstone used in Illinois, 1942 and 1943 6245 Agstone used in Illinois, by counties, 1942 and 1943 6446 Agstone produced in other states and used in Illinois, 1939-1943 6347 Agstone produced in Illinois and marketed in other states, 1939-1943 6348 Cement, shipped or used by producers in Illinois, 1942 and 1943 6749 Lime, sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1942 and 1943 6850 Mineral wool, sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1943, by kinds and by uses 6951 Clays (including Fuller's earth) sold and shipped by producers in Illinois, 1942 and 1943, by kinds

and by uses 7252 Clay products (including silica refractories) sold and shipped by producers in Illinois, 1942 and 1943 7353 Value of building permits issued in Illinois, by months and by type, in 1943 7554 Silica sand, sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1942 and 1943 7755 Ground silica, sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1942 and 1943 7856 Tripoli (amorphous silica) sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1942 and 1943 7857 Sand (other than silica sand) and gravel, sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1942 and 1943 8058 Fluorspar shipped from mines in the United States, 1942 and 1943, by states 8459 Fluorspar shipped from mines in the United States, 1942 and 1943, by uses 8460 Fluorspar shipped from mines in Illinois, 1942 and 1943, by kinds and by uses 8561 Fluorspar shipped from Illinois mines, 1939-1943 8562 Zinc, lead, and silver recovered from ores mined in Illinois, in 1941-1943 8663 Other minerals sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1939-1943 8764 Minerals processed but not mined in Illinois, sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1941-1943 8865 Consumption of ground feldspar in Illinois, 1939-1943 89



Introduction

ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY in 1943

continued at a high rate of production.

The total value of minerals produced

in Illinois during the year amounted to

$332,186,000 mined and sold or used by

producers within the State. The additional

value of $205,428,000 for mineral materi-

als processed, but not mined, in Illinois,

brought the total value of all minerals pro-

duced and processed during 1943, for which

data are available, to $537,614,000. This

was an increase of $2,050,000, or 0.4 per-

cent, above the all-time high record estab-

lished in 1942, despite a large decrease in

the production of oil. The 1943 record is

the highest ever attained.

For the past two years the resources of

our State and the energies of her people

have been devoted to the prosecution of the

second World War. The need for men and

materials by the industries producing mili-

tary equipment and supplies became increas-

ingly large, and these needs necessarily

caused curtailment of some of the mineral

industries whereas others were stimulated

to greater activity to meet these military

needs.

The changes in amount (or value, where

amounts are not available) of 1943 produc-

tion from 1942, for the principal mineral

materials mined or produced in Illinois, as

shown in table 1, were as follows:

Percentchange

from 1942

Fuller's earth +110Liquefied petroleum gases -|- 56

Fluorspar -)- 23

Lime +20Coal

-I- 12

Silica sand -j- 9

Natural gasoline -j- 8

Ground silica -j- 5

Percentchange

from 1942

Clays + 3

White wares and pottery — 0.3

Refractories — 6

Limestone, dolomite, marl — 19

Tripoli (amorphous silica) — 19

Metals—zinc, lead, silver — 21

Crude oil — 23

Structural clay products — 27Sand and gravel — 31

Natural gas (sold and used as such) . . — 32

Cement — 35

For mineral materials processed, but not

mined in Illinois, the changes of 1943 pro-

duction from 1942 were as follows:

Percentchange

from 1942

Slab zinc, from out-of-state ore + 30

Coke and byproducts + 6

Pig iron + 1

Packaged fuel — 38

Comparing the values of various miner-

als produced in Illinois during 1943, coal

ranked first with a value of $152,827,000

(the highest record since 1923) ;petroleum

ranked second with a value of $119,282,-

000 ; stone, cement, lime, and mineral wool

ranked third with a value of $22,488,000;

clays and clay products ranked fourth with

a value of $18,294,000; sand and gravel,

silica sand, ground silica, and tripoli ranked

fifth with a value of $11,246,000; fluor-

spar ranked sixth with a value of $6,293,-

000 (an all-time high record, which sur-

passed the previous all-time high record of

1942 by 23 percent) ; and metals—zinc,

lead, and silver—ranked seventh with a

value of $1,632,000.

Considering mineral materials processed,

but not mined, in Illinois during 1943, the

total value reported, $205,428,000, estab-

lished a new all-time high record for the

second consecutive vear. Of these mate-

[9

10 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1943

rials pig iron ranked first with a value of

$126,910,000 (the third year in succession

in which an all-time high record of output

was reached) ; coke and byproducts ranked

second with a value of $38,795,000; slab

zinc, from out-of-state ore, ranked third

with a value of $36,811,000. Other proc-

essed mineral materials are produced in

Illinois in large amounts, but data for them

are not available.

Compared with other states, Illinois in

1943 ranked first in amount and value of

production of fluorspar, ground silica, and

tripoli (amorphous silica) ; third in amount

and value of stone and of sand and gravel

;

third in amount and fourth in value of coal

and of fuller's earth ; fourth in amount and

value of pig iron, and of liquefied petroleum

gases; fifth in amount and value of natural

gasoline ; fifth in value and sixth in amount

of lime ; sixth in amount and value of crude

oil, and of coke and byproducts; sixth in

amount and seventh in value of clays sold.

Illinois ranked fifth among all the states

in total value of mineral production in 1943,

being exceeded by Texas, Pennsylvania, Cal-

ifornia, and West Virginia. In cumulative

value of output of minerals for the period

1911-1941 inclusive, Illinois ranked sixth

in the nation.

Acknowledgments

This report is made possible through the

cooperation of the Bureau of Mines and

the Bituminous Coal Division of the United

States Department of the Interior, the Illi-

nois State Department of Mines and Min-

erals, and the cooperation of mineral pro-

ducers throughout Illinois in furnishing

information regarding their operations.

Each of the sections of this report was

prepared in close collaboration with the

heads of the several mineral research divi-

sions of the Illinois State Geological Sur-

vey. Special assistance and advice were con-

tributed by J. E. Lamar, Geologist and

Head of the Industrial Minerals Division

;

G. H. Cady, Senior Geologist and Head of

the Coal Division; A. H. Bell, Geologist

and Head of the Oil and Gas Division ; and

Ralph E. Grim, Petrographer.

SUMMARY OF PRODUCTION ANDVALUE OF ILLINOIS MINERALS

IN 1943

A summary of the production and value

of Illinois minerals in 1943 is presented in

table 1, with comparative data for 1941 and

1942. Detailed figures for each mineral

are given in the various sections of this

report, to which reference is made in

table 1.

The unit of quantity measurement used

for each mineral product is that commonly

used in the commercial handling of that

material. Wherever possible the net or

short ton of 2,000 pounds is used, but some

products are sold by the gallon, barrel, cubic

foot, or by the number of pieces. In some

materials, diversity of products makes it

impossible to give any measure of quantity.

The value of each mineral product, in its

first marketable form, is given as its net

selling price at point of origin, without in-

cluding any transportation expense other

than that necessary in bringing it from the

mine to the place where it is made into a

marketable product. Wherever possible,

average or unit rates of value are given. Thequantity and value of metals are given, not

as those of the ores, but in terms of the

recovered metals.

Mineral production is considered as those

minerals or mineral materials which are

mined and sold or used by producers in Illi-

nois. Mineral materials which were proc-

essed, but not mined, in Illinois are shown

separately. Every effort has been made to

avoid duplication.

Illinois has attained a position of impor-

tance among the various states in the pro-

duction of several mineral materials. Its

rank both in quantity and value of these

materials is given in table 1.

In order to permit comparison of recent

mineral production with that in previous

years, figure 1 and table 2 are presented,

which show the value of annual mineral

production of Illinois from 1914 to 1943,

inclusive. These indicate the effect on the

State's mineral industry of the first WorldWar and the period of great industrial

MINERAL PRODUCTION 11

550

1914 '15 '20 '25 '30

Fig. 1.—Value of annual mineral production in Illinois, 1914-1943.

activity which followed through 1923, then

a period of gradual reduction through 1929,

followed by extreme reduction through the

depression years, and then gradual increases

through 1937. A temporary decline in 1938

preceded the period of great activity caused

by the second World War beginning in

1939. During 1943 a new all-time high

record was attained for total value of min-

erals produced and processed in Illinois.

MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1943

Table 1.

—

Summary of Mineral Production of

Material Unit Detail

table

1941

Quantity

Value at plants

Total Av.

Rankamong states

Amt.

Coal—bituminous

.

Petroleum—Crude oil

Natural gas

Natural gasoline

Liquefied petroleum gases

Stone^ Rock Products—Limestone, dolomite, marlCementLimeMineral wool

Clays^ Clay Products

Clays (except fuller's earth).

Fuller's earth

Clay products—refractories.

Structural

White wares and pottery.

Sand arid Gravel—Silica sandGround silica

Other sandGravelTripoli (amorphous silica)

Tons

Bbls.

M. cu. ft.

Gals.

TonsBbls.

Tons

Tons

Equiv. tons

Tons

9,11

32

55,365,835

132,393,00019,052,25654,872,00038,293,000

$100,212,000

172,100,000459,017

2,693,0001.054,000

$1.81

.30

.024

.049

.028

42,43484950

12,206,1366,033,440

246,278

176,306,017

11,104,1048,799,6671,723,850

.91

1.466.99

197,25926 , 676

244,3521,556,420

21,627,621

455,386209,577

4,791,2998,248,5146,553,512

*2.31

7,8719.61

5.32

Fluorspar.

Metals—Zinc . .

Lead.Silver,

Other minerals.

Tons

Tons

Fine ozs.

Tons

60

62

63

2,092,700139,116

5,038,0328,336,247

13,833

20.258,288

2,872,961849,609

2,249,0913,832,278

200,700

1.37•6.10

.45

.46

14.45

15,619,928

133,333

9,1982,376

20,340

10,004,639

3.047,247

1,379,700270,86414,464

* .64

22.85

150.00114.00

.71

31,053

1,665,028

103 , 843 ^3.34

Annual mineral production. ^$333,224,683

Minerals processed^ but not mined.,

in Illinois ^

Coke and byproductsPackaged fuel

Pig iron

Sulfuric acid

Slab zinc (out-of-state ore) . .

Miscellaneous minerals

Tons30,4429,6464

8,9245,461,459

213,749112,723

35,961,00095,431

113,558,6061,814,729

16,908,450

10.6020.798.49

150.00

168,338,216

Total minerals produced andprocessed ^$501,562,899

Revised figures.

Compiled from various sources, as stated in eacli detailed table. See footnotes for each table.

Percent change in value from 1942.

MINERAL PRODUCTION 13

Illinois, Sold or Used by Producers, 1941-1943*

1942 1943

Quantity

Value at plantsRankamong

Quantity

Value at plants Percentchange in

Rankamong

LineNo.

states amount states

Total Av. Amt. Val.Total Av. from 1942

Amt. Value

65,746,204 $123,602,864 $ 1.88 3 4 73,344,761 $152,827,000 $ 2.08 + 11.6 3 4 1

106,391,000 144,800,000 1.36 5 5 82,260,000 111,900,000 1.36 — 22.7 6 6 2* 26,129,000 948,000 * .036 17,812,300 708,400 .04 — 31.8 3* 66,389,000 * 3,252,000 * .049 8 71,615,000 3,847,000 .054 + 7.9 5 5 4* 72,934,000 * 2,000,000 * .027 113,750,000 2,827,000 .025 + 56.0 4 4 5

— *151,000,000 — — 119,282,400 — — 21.0b 6

14,006,556 13,014,429 .93 4 * 3 11,384,167 10,609,062 .93 — 18.7 3 3 7

7,087,400 10,284,111 1.45 10 10 4,595,474 7,094,207 1.54 — 35.2 11 11 8

314,077 2,266,152 7.21 6 5 375,664 2,370,944 6.31 + 19.6 6 5 9— — — — 2,413,834 — — 10

— 25,564,692 — 22,488,047 — — 12.1b 11

* 177,663 * 439,872 * 2.48 6 7 182,620 463,986 2.54 + 2.7 6 7 1230,421 264,611 8.70 4 4 63,909 575,805 9.01 + 110.0 3 4 13

275,456 5,918,118 21.48 260,362 5,379,492 20.66 — 5.5 14

1,135,167 6,326,510 5.57 830,100 4,515,300 5.44 — 26.7 15— * 7,379,387 — — 7,359,559 — — 0.3b 16

— * 20,328,498 — — 18,294,142 — — 10.0b 17

3,103,897 4,055,602 1.31 3,375,744 4,798,982 1.42 + 8.7 18

166,303 1,122,756 6.79 1 1 173,854 1,218,769 7.01 + 4.5 1 1 19* 5,469,306 * 2,627,665 .48 3,552,391 1,763,612 .50 — 34.9 20* 9,350,636 * 4,831,864 * .52 6,680,465 3,295,771 .49 — 28.6 21

12,575 203,390 16.17 1

2

1

4

10,203 168,758 16.54 — 18.9 1

3

1

3

22

* 18,102,717 * 12,841,277 * .71 13,792,657 11,245,892 .82 — 23.3 23

161,949 4,306,750 26.59 1 1 198,789 6,292,789 31.66 + 22.7 1 1 24

9,389 1,746,354 182.00 5,830 1,317,580 226.00 — 37.9 252,344 314,096 134.00 2,114 312,872 148.00 — 9.8 26

104 74 .71 2,250 1,600 .71 — 27

— 2,060,524 — — 1,632,052 — — 20.8b 28

* 36,555 * 134,037 * 3.67

5

29,236 124,142 4.25 — 20.0

5

29

— *3339,838,642 — — $332,186,464 — — 2.3b 30

* 36,576,009 6 5 38,795,067 + 6.1b 6 6 31

4,980 60,001 12.05 7 7 3,081 38,445 12.48 — 38.1 325,871,858 125,662,134 21.30 4 4 5,920,894 126,910,295 21.30 + 0.8 4 4 33215,494 2,036,418 9.45 d d — — 34166,066 * 28,954,646 *174.00 215,850 36,811,380 171.00 + 30.0 35

* 42,849 * 2,436,135 * 56.85 35,855 2,872,624 80.12 — 16.3 36

— * 195,725,343 — — 205,427,811 — + 5.0b 37

— *$535, 563,985 — — $537,614,275 — + 0.4 38

^ Other processed minerals produced in Illinois include pig lead, expanded vermiculite, alumina, phosphates, etc., but data for themare not available.

«* Figures not available.


Table 2.

—

Value of Illinois Mineral ProductionSummary of Annual Values, 1914-1943**

(In thousands of dollars)

YearMineral

productionof Illinois

(thousands)

Mineralsprocessed, butnot mined, in

Illinois

(thousands)

Totalminerals produced

and processed

(thousands)

191415

16

$117,166114,446146,360234,736271,244213,701

373,926254,019244,618282,761235,796

231,658237,242180,394188,099182,791

148,311108,06671,69374,83789,212

96,484117,916133,437130,155

*215,157

*287,327*333,225*339,839332,186

$ 44,84382,871130,082144,754149,74095,077

137,22854,13685,820142,13195,506

118,702119,642105,099110,622125,516

89,30352,01424,38534,78641,405

57,03878,693104,35950,48286,324

114,814n68,338*195,725205,428

$162,009197,317276,442

17

18

379,490420,984

19 308,778

1920 511,15421 .... 308,15522 330,43823 ... 424,89224 331,302

1925 350,36026 356,88427 285,49328 298,72129 308,307

1930 237,61431 160,08032 96,07833 109,623

34 130,617

1935 153,52236 196,60937 237,79638 180,63739 *301,481

1940 *402,141

41 *501,563

42 *535,564

43 537,614

Revised figures.

Compiled from following sources:

For years 1914-1922, Incl.—U. S. Geological Survey, Mineral Resources of U. S.

1923-1931, " —U. S. Bureau of Mines, Mineral Resources of U. S.

1932-1938. " —U. S. Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbooks.1939-1943, " —Joint canvasses made by Illinois Geological Survey ;

Minerals Yearbooks.II. S. Bureau of Mines, and

COAL PRODUCTION 15

COAL

Coal ix 1943

—

The National Picture

The national coal production in 1943

continued its upward trend although it

showed signs of approaching a maximum.Tonnage outputs and rates of increase since

1938 are shown in table 3.

Table 3.

—

National Coal Output Since 1938^

Tonnageoutput

in thousands

Percentincrease

by years

1938193919401941

1942

1943

348.545394,855460,772514,149580,000589,000

+ 13.3

+ 16.7

+ 11.6

+ 12.8

+ 1 6

^ Compiled from sources stated in footnote ^, table 8.

The rapid increase in 1939 and 1940,

following the depression year of 1938.

merged into the war industry years of 1941

to 1943.

The activity of 1941, based partly upon

the beginnings of our own re-armament pro-

gram and the overseas trade in war mate-

rials, increased into determined haste in

1942 with our entry into the war. B\

1943, much of the plant expansion program

was completed, production schedules in

army lines were attaining the predetermined

goal, and a period of relative stability of

production was approaching. This was re-

flected in the moderate increase of coal pro-

duction in 1943 over 1942.

Changes in production have varied, how-ever, among production districts. Warneeds imposed heavier demands upon some

districts than it did upon others. Trans-

portation difficulties caused some changes

in customary coal movements with their

effects upon individual producing districts.

Illinois enjoyed a considerable increase in

production and also an increase in the per-

centage of the national output. A detailed

description and analysis of the characteris-

tics of the twelve production districts east

of the Mississippi River are given below.

Eastern Production Districts.—Produc-

tion districts east of the Mississippi River

account for nearly 90 percent of the national

output and are the principal source of cok-

ing coal, industrial fuel, and domestic coal.

Competition for markets in the lake terri-

tory and in the Mississippi Valley is vigor-

ous among the domestic, industrial, and rail-

road fuel markets. The market for coking

coal is held almost exclusively by the Penn-

sylvania and southern West Virginia fields.

Description of the Districts.—These dis-

tricts, as outlined and organized by the

Bituminous Coal Division, are shown in fig-

ure 2. In the Appalachian coal region, the

several districts were outlined and delim-

ited primarily on a basis of the nature of the

market served by the district. For example.

District No. 1 in central Pennsylvania

serves mainly eastern Pennsylvania. NewYork. New Jersey and western New Eng-

land markets ; District No. 2 serves the

Pittsburgh and Mahoning Valley steel cen-

ters; District No. 3 is primarily a supplier

of railroad fuel ; Districts Nos. 7 and 8

(West Virginia, Virginia, and eastern Ken-

tucky) are sources of coking coal mainly

for the Chicago district and for domestic

fuel in the Upper Mississippi Valley states.

District 4 (Ohio) serves local markets;

Districts 9 (western Kentucky), 10 (Illi-

nois), and 11 (Indiana) supply industrial

and domestic fuel to the Mississippi Valley.

District 13 is the source of local coking coal

supply for the steel industry in Alabama.

In the Eastern Interior basin, producing

districts are delineated by state lines. In

these districts, differentiation of quality and

use is not as pronounced as in the Appala-

chian fields, and state boundaries serve as

convenient means of setting up administra-

tive districts. District No. 5 (Michigan)

serves local markets.


Fig. 2.—Bituminous coal production districts cast of the

Mississippi River.

Relative Importance of Each Producing

District.—The relative importance of each

of the producing districts is shown in table

4. This gives tonnage output and percent-

age of the national production for the years

1941 to 1943 inclusive. It is interesting in

that it indicates the effect of the war upon

output of the several producing districts.

Eastern Pennsylvania increases reflected

expanding activity among war production

industries in the Pennsylvania-New Jersey

industrial district. A relative decline in

western Pennsylvania reflects a diversion of

steel output to war materials and away

from civilian goods.

Districts Nos. 7 and 8, the source

of coal for metallurgical coke,

showed a relative percentage de-

cline. This can be explained only

with reference to the peacetime

production conditions in this dis-

trict and the relation to the Illinois-

Indiana-Kentucky producing dis-

tricts. Districts 7 and 8 (WestVirginia, Virginia, eastern Ken-

tucky) normally operated at a

high level throughout the year.

The slack in the coal market did

not affect the group of southern

Appalachian producers since this

normal summer decline in demandis filled by the demand occasioned

by lake movements. There is no

comparable summer market for the

mines of Illinois, Indiana, and

western Kentucky.

The increased tempo of indus-

trial activity occasioned by arma-

ments manufacture also stimulated

demands for the coking and steam

coals of the southern Appalachian

districts. These mines, normally

near capacity operation, did not in-

crease output substantially, but met

the added load in the eastern industrial dis-

tricts by curtailing somewhat their ship-

ments to the Middle West. This latter

market was absorbed by producers in Illi-

nois, Indiana, and Kentucky. This is borne

out by production history in 1941-1943, see

table 5.

The largest increase over 1941 is by the

mines in the State of Illinois.

An examination of the seasonal output

of coal in Illinois in the years 1940 to 1943

shows that a portion, at least, of the

increased output in Illinois was provided by

greater productivity in the summer season.

This is borne out by an examination of

table 6.

Table 4.

—

Bituminous Coal and Lignite, Production by Districts, 1941-1943*(In thousands of tons)

1941

Amount Percentof total

1942


1943


Price Area 1

Dist. 1. Eastern Pennsylvania . .

Dist. 2. Western Pennsylvania.

.

Dist. 3. Northern West Virginia

Dist. 4. OhioDist. 5. MichiganDist. 6. PanhandleDist. 7. Southern Numbered 1.

.

Dist. 8. Southern Numbered 2.

.

50,46979,59532,49429,655

3644,86061,750107,398

9.81

15.486.315.77.07

.94:

12.01,

20.891

Total—Price Area 1

Price Area 2

Dist. 9. West KentuckyDist. 10. Illinois

IndianaIowa

Dist. 11

Dist. 12

366,593

11,74754,70322,4842,939

71.28

2.2810.634.37.57

58,87788,14438,99134,600

3205,324

64,427[19,852

9.9815.206.725.97.05

.92

11.11

20.66

409,535

13,24063,75025,4702,990

70.61

2.2810.994.39.52

Total—Price Area 2

Price Area 3

Dist. 13. Southeastern

Total—All Eastern Districts.

Percent of U. S, total

Total—United States

91,873

16,228

474,694

514,149

17.87 I 105,450

3.15

92.33

20,173

535,158

580,000

18.18

3.48

92.27

59,51084,83241,30231,935

180

5,16463,838119,873

10.11

14.407.015.42.03

.88

10.8420.35

406,634

15,41072,43025,1752,760

69.04

2.6212.304.27.47

115,775

19,460

541,869

589,000

19.66

3.30

92.00

3 Compiled from Weekly Coal Reports, U. S. Dept. Interior, Bituminous Coal Div. and Solid Fuels Adm. for War.Does not include mines with annual production less than 1,000 tons each.

Table 5.

—

Production in Districts with Large All-RailShipments to the Upper Mississippi Vallev, 1941-1943*

(In thousands of tons)

Districts 7 and 8

West Virginia, Kentucky,Virginia

Districts 9, 10, 11

Illinois, Indiana,

Western KentuckyIllinois

Amount Index Amount Index Amount Index

1941

19421943

169,148184,279183,711

100109

109

88,934102,460113,015

100116

127

54,70363,75072,430

100117

133

Compiled from sources stated in footnote ^, table 4.

Table 6.

—

Illinois Coal Production, by Quarters,FOR the Years 1940-1943*


January-March. . . .

April-JuneJuly-September. . .

October-December

.

Total

1940

Amount

15,7689,22511,17414,443

50,610

Percentof total

31.2318.21

22.0528.51

100 00

1941

Amount

16,4808,63713,96515,621

54,703

Percentof total

30.1215.7925.5328.56

100.00

1942

Amount

16,44215,03215,12517,151

63,750

Percentof total

25.7923.5723.7226.92

100.00

1943

Amount

18,78015,88819,29518,467

72,430

Percentof total

25.9321.9426.6425.49

100.00

* Compiled from sources stated in footnote *, table 4.


ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SUR\/er

Fig. 3.—Map of Illinois showing location of principal coal mining districts and coal

beds mined (see p. 19).

COAL PRODUCTION 19

Coal in Illinois

The coal output in Illinois in 1943 was

73,345,000 tons, valued at approximately

$152,827,000. After yielding first place

to petroleum in value of output since 1939,

coal again resumes first place among the

value of Illinois mineral products. Illinois

ranks third among the states in amount and

fourth in value of coal output, being ex-

ceeded by West Virginia and Pennsylvania

in amount and by West Virginia, Pennsyl-

vania, and Kentucky in value. The com-

parative position of each coal-producing

state for the years 1939 to 1943 is shown in

table 7.

Table 8 shows the production for five

years in the Eastern Interior basin com-

prising the coal producing districts of Illi-

nois, Indiana, and Western Kentucky. Theproduction history of these three competi-

tive districts and the contribution of each

to the total production of the Eastern Inte-

rior basin from 1913 to 1942 is shown in

table 4 of Report of Investigations No. 94,

page 17.

Illinois coal production for 1943 is shown

in table 9, by type of mine, giving the coun-

ties and mine inspection districts. Local

mines are those which do not ship coal by

rail. A map showing the principal coal

mining districts and coal beds mined is

given in figure 3. A map showing the loca-

tion of the principal coal mines is given in

figure 4.

Seasonal variation in demand for bitumi-

nous coal, as reflected in the production by

months, is shown in table 10. Because of

the heavy demands upon the coal industry

occasioned by the war, the usual summer

slump beginning about April 1 did not

occur. The seasonal decline, under normal

conditions, is more pronounced in the pro-

ducing districts of Illinois, Indiana, and

western Kentucky than in the Appalachian

fields. In the latter districts lake cargo

shipments serve to sustain demand and out-

put during the summer months.

The amount of coal produced and its

value at the mines from 1935 to 1943 are

shown in table 11. The history of produc-

tion and prices since 1913 is given in

Report of Investigations, No. 94, p. 24,

table 7.

The annual production of coal from 1928

to 1943 is shown graphically in figure 5,

classified according to methods of mining.

Map. No.

1

2

3

4

Principal Coal Mining Districts and the Principal Coal Beds Mined(See Fig. 3)

Mining District Coal Beds Mined

Wilmington (y ,,LaSalle (No. 2)

LaSalle, or Third Vein J^""^'^''^^

LaSalle (No. 2)

Rock Island-Mercer (abandoned) Rock Island (No. 1)

Fulton-Peoria Herrin (No. 6)

Fulton-Peoria Springfield (No. 5)

Springfield Springfield (No. 5)

Danville Danville (No. 7)

Danville Grape CreekSouthwestern Illinois

a) Standard Herrin (No. 6)

b) Belleville Herrin (No. 6)

c) DuQuoin Herrin (No. 6)

Centralia Herrin (No. 6)

Murphysboro or Big Muddy (abandoned) MurphysboroFranklin-Williamson Herrin (No. 6)

Franklin-Williamson Harrisburg (No. 5)

Saline County Herrin (No. 6)

Saline County Harrisburg (No. 5)


LEGEND

SHIPPING MINES

• UNDERGROUND-• STRIP

LOCAL MINES

O UND€RGROUNO

-O- STRIP

-^ BOUNDARY OF COAL MEASURES

Fig. 4.—Map of Illinois showing location of shipping coal mines, and local mines that havean annual production of 5,000 tons and more, in 1943.

Table 7.

—

Bituminous Coal Production in the United States,BY States, 1939-1943^ ^


1939 1940 1941= 1942 1943

AlabamaAlaskaArkansas and Oklahoma. . . .

Colorado

Georgia and North Carolina

IlHnois

IndianaIowaKansas and Missouri

Kentucky:EasternWestern

MarylandMichigan

MontanaNew MexicoNorth and South Dakota. . .

OhioPennsylvania (bituminous)..

TennesseeTexasUtahVirginia

Washington

West Virginia:

SouthernNorthern

WyomingOther states'*

Total

12,047148

2,3405,923

47,62716,9432,9485,948

34,2668,2911,443457

2,8041,2302,120

20,28992,584

5,185826

3,28513,5311,690

108,362

5,37339

395,699

15,324174

3,1006,589

4251,28218,8693,2316,676

40,3468,7951,503410

2,8671,111

2,28422,772116,603

6,008621

3,57615,3481,650

126,438

5,80817

15,465239

3,3456,948

4055,36622,4842,9397,153

41 , 86011,8501,700

311

3,2541,251

2,38029,319130,240

7,045353

4,07718,441

1,841

140,250

6,64615

461.445 514,812

18,870280

4,1467,990

4465 , 74625,4702,9908,340

46,72713,2401,898320

3,8581,6962,488

34,600143,174

7,425342

5,67019,9001,988

/ill, 486

\ 45,2648,025

19

581,996

17,750300

4,4908,250

3873,34525,1752,7608,375

46,48615,4101,850

180

4,7151,8162,568

31,935141,575

7,160195

5,77019,5001.526

159,620

9,11016

589,915

* Revised figures.» Compiled from the following sources

:

For Illinois—Illinois Department of Mines and Minerals, Annual Coal Reports.For all other states— 1939-1942, inclusive, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbooks.

1943, U. S. Department of the Interior, Solid Fuels Administration for War, Weekly CoalReport, No. W.C.R. 13 89, March 4, 1944.

Figures for Illinois include production of all mines. Those for other states exclude mines having annual productionof less than 1,000 tons each. Production of small mines in Illinois is included in "Total" in this table.

^ Includes lignite.«= Included in "Other States."•* The states reporting are not identical from year to year.

Table 8.

—

Production of Bituminous Coal in theEastern Interior Coal Field, 1939-1943*


Year

Illinois Indiana West KentuckvTotal

Amount Percent'' Amount Percent^ Amount Percent^

1939 46,78350,610*54,70363,75072,430

65.065.361.562.264.1

16,94318,869

*22,48425,47025,175

23.524.1

25.324.922.3

8,2918.795

*1 1,74713,24015,410

11.511.213.212.913.6

72,01719401941.

78,274* 88 934

19421943

102,460113,015

* Revised figures.a Compiled from U. S. Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbooks, 1939-1942; U. S. Dept. Interior, Solid Fuels Adminis-

tration for War, Weekly Coal Report No. W.C.R. 1389, March 4, 1944. Does not include mines with annualproduction of less than 1,000 tons each. Figures for years 1913-1938 are found in Report of InvestigationsNo. 94, page 17, table 4.

^ Percent of total in Eastern Interior coal field.


Table 9.

—

Coal PRODUCTION o F All I LLINOIS MINESM](In

MineInspec-

tion

District

County

Shipping Mines

Strip

No.of

mines'Tons

Underground

No.of Tons

Total

No.of Tons

14

1

413

5

10

3

11

7

1

14

3

9

13

3

1

1

214

4

6

7

13

1

4

14

6

42

9

9

14

8

11

4

14

42

2

5

13

14

13

1

12

2

Brown. .

.

Bureau. .

Christian.

Clinton.

.

Edgar. . .

Franklin.

Fulton.

.

Gallatin.

Greene.

.

Grundy.

.

Hancock.Henry. . .

Jackson.

,

Jefferson.

Knox

LaSalle

Livingston . .

LoganMcDonough.Macon

Macoupin.Madison.

.

Marion. . .

Marshall.

.

Menard. .

.

MercerMontgomeryMorganPeoria

Perry

Randolph. . .

Rock Island.

St. Clair. . . .

Saline

Sangamon.

.

Schuyler.

.

Shelby....

StarkTazewell.

.

Vermilion.

Wabash . . . .

WarrenWashington.Will.

Williamson.Woodford. .

.

Number of mines

Total produced—1943.

26

5,827,117

530,683619,189

1,385,935

129,037

2,645,374

891,911

225,248628,401

216,274

48,225

1,545,864791,454

15,484,712

116

34,0676,828,895

382.121

16,684,419210,81123,589

121,4542,047,157

626,440131,801

152,773

5,580,4411,988,015285,768

980,254

413,7221,492,606

1,567,590

1,846,1933,713,5523,138,636

2,221,173

461,845

2,523,50030,087

141

53,486,909

3 Compiled from Illinois Department of Mines and Minerals, Sixty-second Coal Report, 1943.^ Number of mines reporting production during year indicated.c One mine operated both strip and underground.

34,0676,828,895

382,121

16,684,4196,037,928

23,589

652,1372,666,346

626,4401,517,736

281,810

5,580,4411,988,015285,768

980,254

413,7224,137,980

2,459,501

2,071,4414,341,9533,138,636

216,274

2,269,398

461,8451,545,8643,314,954

30,087

68,971,621

COAL PRODUCTION 23

BY Type of Mine, and by Counties, 1943*

tons)

Local Mines County Total

Strip

No.of Tons

Underground

No.of Tons

Total

No.of

No.of

TonsTons

Per-

cent

of

State

total

MineInspec-

tion

District

60118,646

174,604

49,074

66

18,888594

1,392

1,077

26,105

915,000

208

8,013

467

5

2

1

6

6

1

436

5

414

7

9

1246

3

37

1

1

2

44

1,15818,047

34,365

251,65522,094

3754,170

11

80,23940,990

100,107

31,2651,022

46,5001,114

46,241

200291,650

2,73680,091

6,666

53

398,69039,636

59,7663,331

196,99646,354152,150

27,0231,1622,784

129,284185,234

1,0235,73511,260

738,236

477

5

3

1

6

6

2

6

1

437

5

416

7

9

15

46

3

39

1

2

44

60[19,80418,047

34,365

426,25922,094

375

53,244

11

80,23940,990

66100,107

50,1531,616

46,5002,506

46,241

200291,650

3,81380,091

6,666

53

398,69065,741

59,7663,331

,111,99646,354152,150

27,2311,1622,784

129,284193,247

1,0235,73511,260

738,236

10

17

1

49

5

1

1

4517

11

43217

18

16

46

3

44

1

1

42

58

1

60153,871

6,846,942382,12134,365

16,684,4196,464,187

45,683375

53,244

11

732,3762,707,336

626,5061,617,843

331,9631,616

46,5002,506

46,241

5,580,6412,279,665

285,7683,81380,091

6,666980,254

53

812,4124,203,721

2,519,2673,331

3,183,4374,388,3073,290,786

243,5051,1622,784

129,2842,462,645

1,0235,735

473,1051 , 545 , 864

4,053,19030,087

0.29.5.5

22.98.9

.1

1.02.71.02.3

.5

.1

.1

7.73.1

.4

1.4

1.1

5.7

3.5

4.46.04.5

.2

3.4

.7

2.1

5.5

22 326 348 489

1,313,727 3,059,413 4,373,140 73,344,761 100


Table 9.

—

Summary of Production

1942 1943Percent

Numberof

mines''

TonsNumber

of

mines''

Tons

changein amountfrom 1942

Strip mines:ShippingLocal

28

3014,827,2351,110,446

2622

15,484,7121,313,727

+ 4.4

+ 18.3

Underground mines:

ShippingLocal

58

114513

15,937,681

46,297,3933,511,130

48

116

326

16,798,439

53,486,9093,059,413

+ 5.4

+ 15.5—13.2

627 49,808,523 442 56,546,322 + 13.5

Total coal produced 684 65,746,204 •=489 73,344,761 + 11 6

* Compiled from Illinois Department of Mines and Minerals, Sixty-second Coal Report, 1943.^ Number of mines reporting production during year indicated.c One mine operated both strip and underground.

Table 10.

—

Production of Bituminous Coal in

Illinois and in the United States,BY Months, 1943*


Month UnitedStates

Illinois

Amount Percent**

JanuaryFebruaryMarchApril

MayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecember

Small mines in Illi-

nois *=

Total

47,80449,13156,11449,22047,41734,38552,20752,43252,21449,30344,64354,130

5,7655,9807,035

320270298450410435

5,9905,5366,941

12.0612.1612.5312.8411.1012.4912.3512.2212.3212.1512.3912.82

589,000

915

72,430

915

589,915 73. 345

d

12.43

3 V. S. Dept. Interior, Solid Fuels Adm. for War, WeeklyCoal Reports, No. W.C.R. 13 89, March 4, 1944, No.W.C.R. 1390, March 11, 1944.

'^ Percent of U. S. total production.'^ Mines with annual production less than 1,000 tons each.•^ Illinois Dept. Mines and Minerals, Annual Coal Report,

1943.

COAL PRODUCTION 25

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Table 12.

—

Origin and Destination of Revenue Railroad Shipments of Coal from(Exclusive of non-

(In

From To:ChicagoDistrict

Illin(

othe

Mil-waukee,Wis.

Wis-consin,

other

CouncilBluffs,

Iowa"

1942

Western PennsylvaniaCentral Pennsylvania, Somerset-Myersdale,

Cumberland-PiedmontFairmont, West Virginia

Northern and Eastern OhioSouthern OhioKanawha, Logan, Kenova-ThackerNew River-Winding Gulf, Pocahontas-Tug

RiverNE. Kentucky, McRobertsVirginia

Hazard, Harlan, S. Appalachians

Ex-river coal

Northern Illinois

Central and Southern Illinois

IndianaWestern Kentucky

Grand total

Percent of change from 1941

5,023

18,147137,776

1,1952,433

2,327,548

,755,335,681,672283,062,341,35941,377820,140,079,795,596,192767,164

29,858,218

+ 15.2

28,642

5,3458,528

183

169,787

488,157109,52450,972

526,070

,127,696,462,090,576,663350,812

19,904,469

+ 18.0

17449

3,258

127,008817577308

2.40575,718298,798

50

509,162

+45.9

7,94135748950

19,840

685,08630,23181,17356,435

183,8781,631,359831,266191,457

3,719,562

+ 10.2

596

394

4843194460

147

63,917218

7,576

73,593

+ 114.9

1943

Western PennsylvaniaCentral Pennsylvania, Somcrsct-Mycrsdalc,

Cumberland-PiedmontFairmont, West Virginia

Northern and Eastern OhioSouthern OhioKanawha, Logan, Kcnova-ThackcrNew River-Winding Gulf, Pocahontas-Tug

RiverNE. Kentucky, McRobertsVirginia

Hazard, Harlan, S. Appalachians

P,x-river coal

Northern Illinois

Central and Southern Illinois


Grand total

Percent of change from 1942

115,385

24,90553,1561,618

13,9892,351,381

9,439,1893,376,031

338,9282,698,608

12,617933,613

7,266,1893,187,672

961,089

30,774,368

+3.1

21,386

8,6529,396

820

172,296

498,514117,02945,225

469.923

4,915,92112,823,1591,407,702424,638

20.914,661

+5.1

32

154

49

3792,662

157,0511,370905307

652156,140242,675

778

563,154

+ 10.6

13,113340

1,472451

36,191

662,51029,17964,74562,142

196,7081,812,833757,799193,776

3,831,259

+3.0

581

164

500308

11,965171,01927,8576,730

219,124

+ 197.7

a Data from U. S. Dept. Interior, Bituminous Coal Div., Solid Fuels Aclm. for War, and Bureau of Mines, MonthlyCoal Distribution Reports.

b Includes Davenport, Iowa, for shipments from Ohio and the Crescent, and includes Davenport, Bettendorf, and

lowanna, Iowa, for shipments from Illinois, Indiana, and Western Kentucky; excludes East St. Louis, Illinois.

COAL PRODUCTION 27

Illinois, Indiana, Western Kentucky, and the Appalachian Fields, in 1942 and 1943'

revenue railroad fuel)

tons)

St.

Louis,Mo.d

Kan-sas

Citv,

Mo.«

St.

Joseph,Mo. f

Mis-souri,

other

Kan-sas,

other

Ne-braska,

other

Minne-sota

SouthDa-kota

NorthDa-kota

Total

Percent

of

total

1942

39 — — — — — — — — 33,704 —

32,621 871 352 1,616 1,462 1,538 6,617 1,201 — 89,757 0.1

1,128 — — — — — — — — 148,498 .2— — — — — — 42 52 — 2,4702,931

2,954,643

—

219,782 ~ — 327 — 166 11,441 474 — 4.3

640,871 46 401 122 64,318 4,689 11,851,538 17.2474 — — 357 — 976 22,084 1,499 — 2,996,606 4.4

300,981 — — 56 — 105 8,707 1,053 — 747,367 1.1

22,239 — — 870 — 1,742 28,636 1,000 — 4,703,901 6.9— — — — — — — — 41,377 0.1— — 51 12,597 — 24,951 42,133 2,024 6,616,640 9.74,229,879 97,577 10,966 1,831,391 158,356 124,318 496,192 149,833 622 29,419,615 43.1

17,115 234 — 2,480 — 1,060 84,333 1,126 — 6,921,150 10.1

135,184 — 48,406 — 8,846 48,121 19,382 154 1,888,341 2.8

5,600,313 98,728 11,369 1,898,501 159,940 163,702 812,624 182,333 776 68,418,538 100.0

+ 16.9 +797.0 + 150.4 +58.8 + 1084.9 + 100.4 +22.3 +34.4 —66.1 + 18.5

1943

85 — — — — — — — — 136,888 .2

53,181 991 389 1,377 1.718 1,074 7,804 859 127,268 2968 z

- — — — 54 — — 64,7515,303

.1

328,877

— —449

—175 13,875 438

— 14,9793,080,805 4.3

709,201 432 57 76 131,724 6,893 11,688,275 16.2456 — — 307 — 1,015 22,429 2,118 — 3,722,129 5.2

206,278 — — — — 53 7,955 803 — 678,845 .9

28,482 — — 564 — 1,131 29,408 1,335 — 3,888,42012,617

7,724,723

5.4

100 601 _ 12,848 10,750 28,927 3,000 _ 10.74,602,407 376,320 30.580 2,181,694 97,073 223,551 472,311 94,486 911 32,659,132 45.2

14,428 101 — 1,150 9,592 12,319 106,435 5,169 — 6,272,520 8.781,765 ~ — 57,745 — 6,673 45,444 20,380 674 2,117,963 2.9

6,026,228 378,013 30,969 2,256,566 108,440 256,817 866,366 135,481 1,585 72,194,618 100.0

+7.6 +282.9 + 172.4 + 18.9 —32.2 + 56.9 +6.6 —25.7 + 104.3 + 5.5

c Includes Omaha and South Omaha, Nebraska.'^ Includes East St. Louis, Illinois.^ Includes Kansas City, Kansas.' Includes Atchison and Leavenworth, Kansas.


70

60

-

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A /

/

/ \ /

-/A / /

50^ \ WoTAL ILLINOIS ^ -n, /

^ /\

\\y /

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i

i

/

//

//

30

-

\ \\ \

\ /

^,y\

/

\ \^^TOTAL/

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20

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JNDERGFÔUND /

//

/

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'-ÛNDERGROUND(MACHINE LOADED)

/

/

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10

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11

-STRIP

1

MINED

1A 11 1

1928 *30 "32 "34 36 38 '40 42 '44

Fig. 5.—Annual production of Illinois coal, classified by mining methods.

Distribution

The Illinois coal market area comprises

the States of Illinois, Wisconsin, Iowa, Mis-

souri, Kansas, Nebraska, Minnesota, South

Dakota, and North Dakota. The principal

producing districts which supply this mar-

ket are Districts Nos. 7 and 8 (southern

West Virginia, Virginia, and eastern Ken-

tucky) in the Appalachian region, and dis-

tricts 9 (western Kentucky), 10 (Illinois),

and 11 (Indiana) in the Eastern Interior

coal basin. Much of the coal consumed in

this area is shipped by rail. Table 12 gives

a detailed distribution report of all-rail coal

shipped into this area during 1942 and 1943,

showing quantities of coal shipped into each

of the principal divisions of the market area

from the various producing localities, and

the percentage change from the preceding

year for each division of the area.

The Chicago Industrial district Is the

focal area Into which enters a substantial

portion of the coal produced In Illinois or

shipped Into Illinois from competing or

adjacent fields.

The Chicago Industrial district Itself Is

one of the large coal consumers In the

nation, both In absolute quantity and In tons

of coal per worker employed. A survey of

coal consumption In manufacturing Indus-

tries In 1939, made by the Bureau of the

Census, indicates that Chicago Is exceeded

only by Pittsburgh as a consumer of coal In

Industry. Both are Important metallurgical

centers.

COAL DISTRIBUTION 29

Table 13.

—

Origin of Lake Cargo Coal, 1941-1943(In thousands of tons)

From

OhioPennsylvaniaMoundsville, West Virginia

Fairmont, Cumberland, PiedmontSouthern West Virginia—low volatile

Southern West Virginia—high volatile

Eastern Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia

Total

1941 1942' 1943'

3,94711,612

3952,5689,01014,2779,585

51,394

,171

,305

358420160

14,7469,295

49,455

4,6828,409406

2,35714,2568,6538,692

47,375

a Monthly Coal Distribution Report, M.C.D. No. 135, March 15, 1943.b Monthly Coal Distribution Report, M.C.D. No. 147, June 13, 1944.

Lake Shipments of Coal

The lake trade in coal has in the past

been exclusively a movement of coal from

Appalachian producing districts. Under a

decision of the Interstate Commerce Com-mission, a reduction in rates on coal from

mines in Illinois, Indiana, and western Ken-

tucky destined to upper lake ports, was

granted. In 1943 a total of 1,062,361 tons

was shipped through the port of Chicago.

The data on lake shipments of coal from

Appalachian fields do not specify the des-

tinations of coal originating in each field.

Some inferences regarding the destinations

can be made, however, from the nature of

the market. In table 13 is shown the origin

of lake cargo coal in the years 1941, 1942.

and 1943. As noted in this table, the bulk

of the shipments come from Pennsylvania

and from the low-, medium-, and high-vola-

tile districts of southern West Virginia and

eastern Kentucky. Shipments from the low-

and medium-volatile fields consist of screen-

ings destined to the coke ovens of the Chi-

cago district. Coal from Pennsylvania is

destined to Upper Lake Michigan and Lake

Superior ports, both in the prepared sizes

and as screenings for domestic and indus-

trial fuel. The heavy demand for coking

coal resulting from the war time expanded

steel industry in the Chicago district caused

a substantial increase in shipments of cok-

ing coal from the low-volatile districts in

southern West Virginia in 1943. Total

shipments fell off somewhat. This is ex-

plained by the heavy wâr requirements in

eastern industries and a resultant shortage

of coal, other than coking coal, for ship-

ments to the northwest. Total receipts of

Upper Lake ports is shown in table 14.

Table 14.

—

Lake Cargo Shipments and ReceiptsOF Coal at Upper Lake Docks, 1934-1943*


Bituminouscoal loadedinto vessels

at Lake Erie

ports

Receipts at

Year LakeSuperior

ports

LakeMichiganports''

Totalreceipts

1934...

1935...

1936...

1937...

1938...

1939...

1940...

1941...

1942. . .

1943...

34,86934,73044,01143,64534,17339,83746,54849,73347,81546,059

8,0236,8299,3589,1156,6146,5156,9918,3568,1089,455

4,5354,0435,1144,8223,7584,2294,4364,8305,0684,982

12,55810,87214,47213,93710,37210,74411,42713,18613,17614,437

^ U. S. Bituminous Coal Div., Monthly Coal DistributionReports.

^ Ports on Lake Michigan north of Waukegan.

A total of 1,062,361 tons of coal movedthrough the port of Chicago in 1943 going

mainly to Fort William, Canada, for use by

the Canadian Pacific Railways. The record

of monthly shipments is shown in table 15.

Tables 16 and 17 give data on all-rail

shipments of coal from Appalachian and

Eastern Interior coal fields into the Chi-

cago and St. Louis markets.

Table 15.

—

Lake Shipments of Coal from the Eastern Interior Basin, 1943

»

Month

April...

May. . .

June. . .

July...August.

Tons

38,747121,76292,486153,189180,079

Month

September.October. . .

November.

Total.

Tons

158,212220,11797,769

1,062,361

3 Chicago Journal of Commerce, August 4, 1944.

Table 16

—

Sources of All-Rail Coal Destined for Chicago, 1941-1943(In tons)

1941 1942' 1943'Percent

change 1943from 1942

Western PennsylvaniaCentral Pennsylvania, Somerset-Myersdale, andCumberland-Piedmont

Fairmont, West Virginia

Northern and Eastern OhioSouthern OhioKanawha, Logan and Kenova-Thacker.

New River-Winding Gulf and Pocahontas-TugRiver

NE. Kentucky and McRoberts

Virginia . .

Hazard, Harlan, and Southern Appalachian.

Ex-river coal

Northern Illinois

Central and Southern Illinois.


1,130

22,908100,233

8591,725

1,483,730

9,360,9471,370,140

222,7903,473,161

523,947

5,272,8133,437,543

650,446

5,023

18,147137,776

1,1952,433

2,327,548

9,755,3352,681,672

283,0623,341,359

41,377820,140

6,079,7953,596,192

767,164

115,385

24,90553,156

1,61813,989

2,351,381

9,439,1893,376,031

338,9282,698,608

12,617933,613

7,266,1873,187,672

961,089

Total 25,922,399 29,858,216 30,774,368

Percent of Chicago total supplied by Illinois 22.3 23.1 26.6

+2,197.1

+ 37.261.4

35.4475.0

1.0

3.225.9

19.719.269.513.8

19.511.425.3

+ 3.

« Monthly Coal Distribution Report, M.C.D. No. 136, April 23, 1943.*> Monthly Coal Distribution Report, No. 148, July 3, 1944.

Table 17.

—

Sources of Coal Destined for St. Louis, 1941-1943(In tons)

From 1941 '^ 1942* 1943 bPercent

change 1943from 1942

24,7711,623

177,927575,529289,35523,997

3,595,64714,41588,963

32,6601,128

219,782640,871301,45522,239

4,229,87917,115

135,184

53,266968

328,877709,201206,73428,482

4,602,50714,42881,765

+ 63.1— 14.2

Kanawha, W. Va + 49.6

New River, W. Va + 10.7

Virginia and Northeast Kentuckv — 31.4+ 28.1

+ 8.8— 15.7— 39.5

4,792,227 5,600,313 6,026,228 + 7.6

Percent of St. Louis total received from Illinois .... 75.3 75.5 76.4

a Monthly Coal Distribution Report, M.C.D. No. 136, April 23, 1943.b Monthly Coal Distribution, No. 148, July 3, 1944.

COAL DISTRIBUTION 31

Coal Requirements,

April, 1944—March, 1945

The Solid Fuels Administrator for Warearly estimated that the requirements for

coal during 1944 and the first quarter of

1945 would be 620,100,000 tons. This was

shown in a table giving allocations to each

of the producing districts for railroad fuel,

retail yards, byproduct coke, coal for manu-

facturing industries, and coal destined to

tide-water and lake trade. Allocations are

also given for coal hauled by truck to local

markets and for coal used at the mines.

A summary of coal requirements for the

period stated is given in table 18.

It should be noted that a total of 143,-

609,000 tons is included in lake and tide-

water transshipments and truck movements.

No segregation has been made into railroad,

domestic, byproduct or industrial for the

quantity of coal thus transshipped.

Table 18.

—

Summary of Estimated Lignite andBituminous Coal Requirements During 12

Months Ending March 31, 1945*(In thousands of tons)

Railroad fuel

Retail yardsByproduct cokeIndustrial and other, including ex-

ports

Lake cargo

Tidewater shipmentsTruck deliveries

Coal at the mine

Total

137,25089,65879,250

155,80355,84542,76445,00014,530

620,100

* Compiled from sources stated in footnote ^, table 19.

In table 19 is given a detailed allocation

of coal for producing districts in the Appa-

lachian and Eastern Interior fields (and

Iowa). These districts are competitive in

northern and eastern industrial districts,

and the allocation and use of coal from

each of these districts is of interest to the

producers.


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COAL PRICES 33

Coal Prices in 1943

Coal prices—mine, lake cargo and retail

prices, were subject to regulations imposed

by the Office of Price Administration. Themost important changes in shipper coal

prices came near the close of the year in the

low- and high-volatile fields of West Vir-

ginia, Virginia, and eastern Kentucky.

These price adjustments were made to take

care of increased operating costs involving

higher wages and other items which go into

the expense of producing a ton of coal. At-

the-mine prices of coal moving into the Illi-

nois coal market area in 1943 at the begin-

ning and end of 1943 are shown in table 20.

Freight Rates.—The Interstate Com-merce Commission on April 12, 1943, tem-

porarily cancelled the general freight rate

increases, which had gone into eiiect March

18, 1942. The cancellation became effec-

tive May 15, 1943 to January 1, 1944, and

was later amended to extend to July 1,

1944.

Cost of Production of Coal

The Bituminous Coal Act of 1937

empowered the administration of the act to

determine the cost of production of coal.

The elements comprising costs were specifi-

cally itemized in the act and included "the

cost of labor, supplies, power, taxes, insur-

ance, workmen's compensation, royalties,

depreciation and depletion (as determined

by the Bureau of Internal Revenue in the

computation of the Federal income tax),

and all other direct expenses of production,

coal operators' association dues, district

board assessments for Board operating ex-

penses only levied under the code, and rea-

sonable costs of selling and the cost of

administration."

From time to time, the Bituminious Coal

Division has made public the average costs

of coal production, averaged for producing

districts. These average costs, for periods

varying from several months to a year, and

covering the years 1936 to 1943, are shown

in table 21.

For the last six months of 1943, the

Solid Fuels Administrator for War has

released data on the distribution of coal in

considerably greater detail than has hereto-

fore been available. Data are given on size

distribution, destination of the coal, and dis-

tribution by use. These are shown in tables

22 to 24.


Table 20.

—

Coal Mine Prices, January and December, 1943*(Per ton)

January, 1943 December, 1943

Southern Illinois

Freight rate to Chicago, $2.05 a ton

LumpEggNutWashed screenings

Screenings

Mine Run

Central Illinois

Freight rate to Chicago, $1 .75 a ton

LumpEggNutWashed screenings

Screenings

Mine run

Indiana, No. 4Freight rates to Chicago, 31 .65 and $1 .75 a ton

LumpEggStoker NutNutScreenings

Mine run

Indiana, No. 5

Freight rates to Chicago, $1 .65, $1 .87, 31 .90 a ton

LumpEggStoker nutNut.Screenings

Mine run

West Virginia Smokeless, New River and PocahontasFreight rates to Chicago, 33.39 a ton

LumpEggStoveNutStoker peaMine run (Dom.)Straight mine runSlack

Briquets

Eastern Kentucky, Millers Creek—Great HeartFreight Rate to Chicago, 33.19 a ton

BlockFurnaceSmall eggStoker nutScreenings

East Kentucky, West Virginia, High Volatile

Freight rate to Chicago, 33.19 a ton

BlockFurnaceSmall eggStoker nutScreenings

Ê-

2.55-

2.10-

3.353.303.002.201.902.60

2.45- 2.702.40- 2.602.05- 2.451.75- 2.251.45- 1.702.00- 2.25

2.50- 2.752.40- 2.651.75- 2.201.75- 2.201.65- 1.852.30- 2.40

2,25- 2.402.25- 2.401.65- 1.902.10- 2.251.55- 1.702.20- 2.25

3.35-3,40-3,25-3 00-3.00-3.25-2.85-2.20-

4.0515

75

15

10

35

006035

4.003.35- 3.753.00- 3.053.35- 3.602.45- 2.55

3.10- 3.452.75- 3.05

3.203.05- 3.252.20- 2.35

3.353.30

55- 3.0010- 2.35

2.052.60

2.45- 3.002.40- 2.602.05- 2.501.75- 2.401.60- 2.102.25- 2.65

2.70- 2.952.60- 2.851.95- 2.401.95- 2.401.85- 2.052.50- 2.60

65-65-10-40-35-70-45-

2.70-

3.002.602.102.451.902.45

4.354.454.153.553.453.803.652.904.70

4.354.353.504.052.70

3.10- 3.452.75- 3.05

3.203.05- 3.252.75- 2.80

COAL PRICES

Table 20.—(Concluded)

35

West Kentucky, No. 9 and No. 11


Lump, 6"

Egg, 6"x3"Stoker nutScreenings

Mine run

Western Kentucky, No. 6


Lump, 6"

Egg, 6"x3"Stoker nutScreenings

Western Kentucky, No. 14


Lump, 6"

Egg,6"x3"Nut,3"x2"ChestnutScreenings, 2"

AnthraciteFreight rate to Chicago from mines in Pennsylvania, $4.26 a ton

Grate, egg, stove, chestnut

PeaBuckwheatRice

CokeF.o.b. dealers yards in Chicago, f.o.b. ovens, 75 cents a ton less

Egg, range, nutPeaFoundry (at Chicago ovens)

December, 1943

2.252.15

1.75- 1.851.35- 1.65

2.10

2.802.60

2.70- 3.002.25- 2.45

2.502.452.252.102.05

8.006.454.803.85

9.5010,3012.30

3 From "Chicago Journal of Commerce.


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DEGREE DAYS 39

Table 23.

—

Shipmexts of Bituminous Coal by Sizes, froni Illinois, July-December. 1943*^

(In tons)

Amount Percent

All lump coal and all double screened coal with top size over 2 inches.

All double screened coal with top size not exceeding 2 inches

Modified mine-run, domestic mine-run, screened mine-run, and altered mine-run and minus resultant with top size over 2 inches

All minus resultant and dedusted screenings with top size over ^/i inch and notexceeding 2 inches

All minus resultant and dedusted screenings with top size not exceeding ^ inch

Total

Size not reported

Coal used at mines

12,031,270 35.08

1,986,120 5.79

6,613,877 19.29

11,943,578 34.83

1,719,830 5.01

34,294,675 100.00

1,317,963

535,285

Grand total 36 , 147 , 923

a Data from U. S. Dept. Interior, Bureau of Mines, Monthly Coal Distribution Report No. 146, May 27, 1944.

Table 24.

—

Distributiox of Bituminous Coal Produced in Illinois,

July-December, 1943 -"^

(In tons)

Disposal Amount Disposal Amount

All-rail, river, and ex-river^ (excluding

railroad fuel)

19,893,6241,539

11,994,690

512

385.920

Distributors or wholesalers (destination

and use unknown) 66,059

United States

CanadaAlaskaExport

Railroad fuel

Storage piles

Truck

Private railroads, tramways and con-

veyors

Coal used at mines

Total

3,559

3,208,042

58,693

Tidewater

535,285

36,147.923

Lake Percentage of estimated production . . . 95.3

a Data from U. S. Dept. Interior, Bureau of Mines, Monthly Coal Distribution Report No. 146, May 27, 1944.^ Also includes byproduct and smithing coal shipped by all other methods of transportation except by lake and tide-

water.

Degree-Days in 1943

Because of the close relationship between

the number of degree-days accumulated dur-

ing the heating season and the quantity of

fuels consumed, a degree-day map of Illi-

nois and a table showing degree-day records

for the past heating season compared with

the normal is useful in estimating domestic

fuel consumption. In this issue a modified

degree-day map has been prepared in which

county boundaries are used to mark the

boundaries of degree-day belts. While this

results in some inaccuracies, the purpose is

to show the number and types of heating

units in each degree-day belt. Since these

latter are reported by county units only, it

was necessary to prepare a map in which


7000(6750-7250)

6000(5750- 6250)

5500( 5250- 5 750) I hancock

'"'^^^'Q^'^"I

^"^^ô^

5000(4750 - 5250)

4 500(4250 - 4750)

4000(3 750- 4250)\ ^^'°^

Fig, 6.—Degree-day districts, with averages and ranges. Degree-davs are the number ofdegrees of temperature that the average daily temperature falls below 65° F.,and are totaled tor the heating season.

DEGREE DAYS 41

boundaries of degree-day belts conformed

to the nearest county boundary.

Degree-days are the number of degrees

of temperature that the average temperature

for each day falls below 65° Fahrenheit.

These are totaled for each month and a

cumulative total for the heating season

through each month is determined. These

data averaged over a long period of time

give a reliable guide to the fuel needs of the

locality in which the temperatures are re-

corded. This information is given in table

16, Report of Investigations No. 87.

Figure 6 shows the modified degree-day

belts of the state numbered from I to VIII.

District VIII comprises St. Louis City and

county and is included in the tabulations be-

cause of the interest of the Illinois coal

industry in this large market.

In table 25 is show^n the number of heat-

ing units by each type of fuel used, for each

of the degree-day belts outlined on the map.

Table 25.

—

Types of Heating Equipment, by Degree-Day Districts*

Units With Central Heating

District No. Coal Wood Gas Fuel oil TotalOther fuel

and notreporting

1

2

3

45

67

60,076807,045101,484140,60455,46436,1699,426

45,379134,419

1,2501,099

841

535680163

34

12956

1,16630,1001,4355,420

804127

13

4,8683,650

5,82046,3663,3013,109

85472040

6,4864,802

68,312884,610107,061149,66857,80237,1799,513

56,862142,927

68512,138

8722,741

78324082

8 St. Louis, Mo.St. Louis CountySt. Louis City. . .

2041,399

Total 1,390,066 4,787 47,583 71,498 1,513,934 19,144

Units Without Central Heating

District No. Coal Wood Gas Fuel oil

Gas

Kero.Total

Other fuel

and notreporting

None

1

219,753

224,89657,043112,72790,88178,04348,115

13,42283,434

3,0023,9914,3198,847

28,59514,8957,777

1,671295

117

5,529238864

1,64170426

130752

3,95887 , 6423,0082,1681,712

636126

6562,928

152581

294357858278102

136156

26,982322,63964,902124,963123,68794,55656,146

16,01587,565

961,235319495581

258162

62272

26318

3 6945

79105

6 487 87

8 St. Louis, Mo.St. Louis Co.

.

St. Louis City25

247

Total 728,314 73,392 10,001 102,834 2,914 917,455 3,480 1,004

3 Source: U. S. Census, Housing, Illinois, 2nd. Series.


Table 26.

—

Degree-Days for 47 Illinois Cities During 1943-1944, by Months,Compared with Normal Average Over the Period During Which

Records Have Been Kept^

Degree-days are the number of degrees

Fahrenheit. These are totaled for each monof temperature that X.\

h and compared withe averagenormal mor

temperature for each dthly averages.

ay falls below 65°

MonthAurora

(Pop. 47,170) bBloomington(Pop. 32,868)

Cairo(Pop. 14,407)

Carbondale(Pop. 8,550)

M^ A<= M A M A M A

September 150403930

1.1781.085783

1,02360031

30403810

1,1781,3331,120930510186

90372840

1.1781.054899930420

310720

1.0851,2091,31680630062

35186570899806

1.276527210

155

510806899756527210

65

217630961868

1,189651

270

October 155November 540December 868January 930FebruaryMarchApril

Mav

784558240

Total 6,183 6,500 5.783 5,808 4,509 3,863 4,851 4.075

Departure from Normal —317 —25 +646 +776

MonthCarlinville

(Pop. 4,965)

Charleston(Pop. 8,197)

Chicago(Pop. 3,396,808)

Danville(Pop. 36,919)

September 87

248750

1,116961

1,015806420

248630992

1,11692468233031

96279750

1,085961

1,015806390

279660992

1,11695271336093

90341

8701,1471,054

841

99263093

30341750

1,1161,271

1,064899540248

90372810

1,1471,023928868450

October 279NovemberDecember

6901.0541.147980

March 744April

May39062

Total 5,403 4,953 5,382 5,165 6,058 6,259 5,688 5,346

Departure from Normal +450 +217 —201 +342

MonthDecatur

(Pop. 59,305)

Dixon(Pop. 10,671)

Effingham(Pop. 6,180)

Flora

(Pop. 5,474)

September 92279750

1,116961

1,015837420

279690

1,0541,1781,00874436062

120372900

1.1471,085

812992540

30403810

1,2091,3641,148899480155

60341780

1,147992986837420

248660992

1,08592468233031

79248660992899

1,131713300

OctoberNovemberDecemberJanuaryFebruaryMarchApril

248630961

1,054896650300

Mav . 31

Total 5,470 5,375 5,968 6.498 5,563 4,952 5,022 4,771

Departure from Normal +95 —530 +611 +251

Footnotes are given at end of table.

DEGREE DAYS 43

Table 26.—(Continued)

MonthFreeport

(Pop. 22,366)

Galva(Pop. 2,812)

Greenville

(Pop. 3,391)

Harrisburg(Pop. 11,453)

M A M A M A M A

September 210465960

1,2401,178754

1,08563031

60434840

1,2401,4261,176

961

510186

60341

8401,1471,023

870930510

341780

1,1781,3021,120

837450124

83248720

1,085930

1,073744360

248660992

1,08592468230031

62217600930837

1,218589240

October 155NovemberDecemberJanuaryFebruaryMarchApril

May

510837930784527240

Total 6,553 6,833 5,721 6,132 5,243 4,922 4,693 3,983


Month Havana(Pop. 3,999)

Hoopeston(Pop. 5,381)

Jacksonville

(Pop. 19,844)

JoHet(Pop. 42,365)

September 30310810

1,1471,023957868450

270690

1,0541,1781,008744360155

90341

8401,1781,023899930480

341

6901,0851,1781,00877542093

30310750

1,147992

1,015806420

279660

1,0541,14798074436062

180434930

1,2091,085783

1,02360031

30October 372November 750December 1,036January 1,271February 1,120March 868April 480May 155

Total 5,595 5,459 5,781 5,590 5,470 5,286 6,275 6,082

Departure from Normal + 136 + 191 + 184 + 193

Month Kankakee(Pop. 22,241)

LaHarpe(Pop. 1,322)

Lincoln

(Pop. 12,752)

McLeansboro(Pop. 2,528)

September 90372840

1,1161,023

870961

510

30341

7201,1161,2401,008806480155

60310840

1,1471,023899899480

310720

1,1161,2091,064

80642093

60310750

1,147992957837450

310690

1,0541,1781,00877539062

248630930837

1,218620240

October 186November .... 570December 899January . . 1,023FebruaryMarch. . . .

840620

April. . .

.

270May. . .

.

Total 5,782 5,896 5,658 5,738 5,503 5,467 4,723 4,408



Table 26 .—(Continued)

MonthMarengo

(Pop. 2,034)

Mascoutah(Pop. 2,294)

Minonk(Pop. 1,897)

Monmouth(Pop. 9,096)

M A M A M A M A

September 150434930

1,2091,116754

1,05463031

90465870

1,2711,4261,2041,023

570210

66248660

1,023899

1,131682300

217630930

1,023868620300

120341

8701.1471,054

841

961540

30341

7501,1471,271

1,09283745093

90372870

1,1781,054

841

930540

30October 341

November 750

December 1,1471,302

Febraury 1,092

March 806

April 420

May 31

Total 6,308 7,129 5,009 4,588 5,874 6,011 5,875 5,919

Departure from Normal —821 +421 —137 —44

MonthMt. Carmel(Pop. 6,987)

Mt. Carroll

(Pop. 1,845)

Mt. Vernon(Pop. 14,724)

New Burnside

62217630961837

1,189651

240

186600930992868589300

150434930

1,1781,085783

1,023570

60434840

1,2401 , 3641,176930510186

65

248660

1,023899

1,160713300

217600930

1,023868620300

77248630961

8991,189620300

October 155

540

December 868

January 930

February 756

March 558

April

May270

Total 4,787 4,465 6,153 6,740 5,068 4,558 4,924 4,077

Departure from Normal +322 —587 + 510 + 847

MonthPalestine

(Pop. 1,626)

Pana(Pop. 5,966)

Paris

(Pop. 9,281)

Peoria

(Pop. 105,087)

September . . . 92279720

1,054930

1,102713330

240651

961

1,08589668233031

101

279720

1,116961

1,044806390

279660

1,0231,14795271336062

30310750

1,116961

1,015806390

279690

1,0541,14798077539062

90341

870

1,2091,054

841

961

540

October 372

NovemberDecember

7801,1161,271

February 1,036

March 806

April 420

May 93

Total 5,220 4,876 5,417 5,196 5,378 5,377 5,906 5,894

Departure from Normal +344 +221 + 1 + 12

DEGREE DAYS 45

Table 26.—(Concludedj

MonthPontiac

(Pop. 9,585)

Quincv(Pop. 40,469)

M M

Rockford(Pop. 84,637j

M

Rushville

(Pop. 2,480)

M

SeptemberOctoberNovemberDecemberJanuaryFebruaryMarchApril

May

Total

Departure from Normal

90341

8401,1471,023899930480

5,750

+71

30310690,085

,209

,036

80642093

5,679

71

279750,116

992986806420

217630992,147

924713330

5,420 4,953

+467

120403900

1,1781,085

812

1,023600

30403810

,209

,364

,176

930510186

6,121 6,618

—497

60310810

1,1781,023928868480

279720

1.0541,1781,00874436062

5,657 5,405

+252

Month


May

Total


Sparta(Pop. 3,664)

49186630961

8371,189

651

270

4.773

186570899992840589270

4,346

Springfield

(Pop. 75,503)

80248750

1,116961986837420

5,398

279690,023

,147

98074436062

5,285

Sycamore(Pop. 4,702)

122434930

1,1781,116

783

1,054600

6,217

60434840

1,2091,3641,176

961540217

Urbana(Pop. 14,064)

6.801

60310810

1,147992928899450

5.596

30310720

1,0851,1781.008

775450124

5.680

+427 + 113 —584 -84

Month Walnut(Pop. 961)

Waukegan(Pop. 34,241)


May •.

Total


90403870

1,1471,054

870961

540

5,935

-224

30341

7801,1781,3021,120

868

45090

150372840

1,1781,085

812

1,023660124

6,159 6,244

-350

30403780

1.1471,3021,092

961

600279

White Hall(Pop. 3,025)

6,594

80248720

1.116961

1,0447751

390i

279660

1,023

5,334

+227

147

92471333031

5.10/

^ Compiled from U. S. Dept. of Commerce, Weather Bureau: Climatoloj-'ical Data.^ Population from Sixteenth Census of the United States, 1940.^ Column M^Monthly total for 1943-44 heating season.

Column A =: Normal monthly average for entire period during which records have been kept.

Geol. Survey, Rep. Inv. No. 87, table 16.)

(See Illinois


Fuel Briquets and Packaged fuel

Production.—The principal locations for

production of briquets are : ( 1 ) in the dock

cities of the lake states, where enormous

quantities of fines accumulate as a conse-

quence of the rough handling of the coal in

transit; and (2) in the coal producing dis-

tricts of West Virginia and Pennsylvania,

where the nature of the coal results in a high

percentage of fines being produced in the

process of mining. Minor quantities are

produced in other eastern and central states

and on the Pacific coast.

Productioji of Briquets.—The total out-

put of briquets in the United States in 1943

was 2,163,998 tons valued at $15,291,109,

of which 1,493,368 tons, or 42.5 percent of

the total output, was produced in the cen-

tral states.

The states in the Upper Mississippi Val-

ley in 1943 increased their lead over the

remainder of the country as consumers of

fuel briquets. Major consumers in this

area in order of importance are Wisconsin,

Minnesota, Missouri, North Dakota, South

Dakota, and Illinois.

Briquets marketed in Wisconsin and

Minnesota are manufactured mainly from

low-volatile coal screenings obtainable on

the lake docks and produced as a result of

the double handling of coal from rail to lake

and back to rail again at upper lake docks.

In North Dakota and South Dakota, the

market is supplied by briquets manufactured

from the lignites of North Dakota.

Table 27 gives the shipments of fuel

briquets of domestic manufacture into the

Illinois coal market area in 1941, 1942, and

1943.

Table 27.

—

Shipments of Fuel Briquets ofDomestic Manufacture into the Illinois

Coal Market Area, 1941-1943(In tons)

Destination 1941^ 1942 b 1943 b

Illinois 50,39845,93431,6084,9575,734

244,76782,95423,99280,13664,026

220,939

65,70948,86847,39210,7314,954

303,497172,26935,11196,91273,744

317,627

85,174IndianaIowa

48,07161,150

KansasKentuckyMinnesotaMissouri

NebraskaNorth Dakota. .

South Dakota . .

Wisconsin

12,0183,757

487.122202,56238,69394,17284,585

425,258

Total 855,445 1,176,814 1,542,562

Total—UnitedStates 1,256,964 1,600,300 1,970,145

Percent of U.S.total 68.0 73.6 78.3

a Mineral Market Report MMS No. 1083, June 23, 1943.'J Mineral Market Report MMS No. 1175, May 26, 1944.

The production of fuel briquets in Illi-

nois is increasing, an important part of this

production being made from deduster dust,

a byproduct obtained in the preparation of

stoker fuel from southern Illinois coal. It

is impossible to publish data on the pro-

duction of fuel briquets in Illinois without

revealing operations of individual concerns.

FVEL BRIQUETS 47

Table 28.

—

Retail Fuel Briquet Prices per Ton in 1943, by Cities and Months"

Month


MayJuneJulyAugustSeptember. . .

.

OctoberNovember. . . .

December. . . .

Chicago^ Loi Milwaukee Minneapolis St. Louis^ St. Paul

$12.2212.2912.3912.3612.3612.31

12.4112.4112.4112.41

12.4112.67

58.76

8.849.049.119.209.189.239.239.249.249.249.36

$11.7811.7811.7811.7912.2312.2412.4212.4912.5212.5212.5212.55

$13.1113.1313.4913.4913.4913.7213.8814.0914.0914.0914.0914.09

$10.9110.9111.1311.1311.1311.2511.2511.2511.2511.2511.2511.59

$13.1113.1213.4813.4913.4913.6813.8614.0914.0914.0914.0914.09

a Mineral Market Report MMS No. 1175.^ Includes 2 percent sales tax.

Prices.—Retail prices of fuel briquets in

1943, by months, in cities of the Upper Mis-

sissippi Valley are shown in table 28.

Table 29.

—

Production and Value of PackagedFuel in Illinois, 1939-1943*

Year Amounttons

Value at plants

Numberot plantsTotal Average

1939...1940...1941 . .

.

1942...1943b..

3,9983,8138,9244,9803,081

$40,48736,53195,43160,00138,445

$10.109.6010.6012.0512.48

5

6

6

6

4

3 U. S. Dept. Interior, Minerals Yearbooks.^ Mineral Market Report MMS No. 1175.

Production of packaged fuel in Illinois

decreased during 1943, as shown in table 29.

This was probably due to labor shortage and

to scarcity of coal dust from the rehandling

of coal.

Coke and Byproducts

The year 1943 witnessed a new high in

coke production in Illinois in response to

the heavy demand of the iron and steel

industry for metallurgical fuel. A statis-

tical summary of the coke industry in Illi-

nois is given in table 30.


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COKE AND BYPRODUCTS 49

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PETROLEUM 51

PETROLEUM

Petroleum in 1943

Petroleum, in the year 1943, was one of

the critical war materials. The war de-

mands for aviation gasoline, for naval fuel

oil, and for the vast motor transport fleets

of the armed forces, rose to unprecedented

demands. Production rose to a level of

1,503,176,000 barrels to meet this extraor-

dinary war demand—an increase of 8.4 per-

cent over 1942.

Illinois is now sixth among oil produc-

ing states of the nation, having been sur-

passed by Kansas for fifth place, and is nowexceeded by Texas, California, Louisiana,

Oklahoma, and Kansas, as shown in table

31.

Production

Summary statistics of the petroleum in-

dustry in Illinois are presented in table 32,

w^hich gives the production and value of

crude petroleum, natural gas, natural gaso-

line, and liquefied gases.

Prices of Illinois Crude Oil in 1943

The price of crude oil as posted on May21, 1941, was $1.22 for the old fields, $1.32

for the Carmi-Storms area, and $1.37 for

the basin fields. It remained unchangedthroughout 1942 and 1943. The weighted

average price of crude petroleum in Illinois

in 1942 was $1.36. Under the authority of

the Office of Price Administration, maxi-

mum prices on crude oil were established

under Maximum Price Regulation No. 88,

issued February 2, 1942. This regulation

established, as a maximum or ceiling price

at the well for crude oil, the posted price in

effect, on October 1, 1941. The average

value of crude oil in Illinois, 1937-1943, is

shown in table 33.

Posted prices of crude oil by principal

purchasers for the year 1943 are shown in

table 34.

Table 33.

—

Average Value of Crude Oil in

Illinois, 1937-1943*

(Per barrel at wells)

1937 $1.331938 1.25

1939 1.071940 1.061941 1.301942 1.361943 1.36

a U. S. Bur. Mines, Minerals Yearbooks.

Supply and Demand

Relationship of supply and demand, as

reflected in changes in stocks of crude oil in

Illinois and certain refined products in the

Central Refining district, in comparison

with stocks of crude oil and gasoline in the

United States, are shown in table 35.

Reserves

Estimated known reserves of oil in states

adjacent to or supplying the Central Refin-

ing District for the decade June 1, 1935 to

January 1, 1944, are shown in table 36.

These estimates are prepared each year by

the American Petroleum Institute and are

conservative. They include only oil reserves

in proven fields on production and quanti-

ties recoverable with existing methods of

production at existing prices. It by no

means is an evaluation of undiscovered or

untested reserves or of the ultimately recov-

erable oil in this area. The figure for each

year represents the estimated reserves as of

the given date after deducting the quantity

withdrawn during the year and adding the

current discoveries, extensions, and upwardrevisions in existing pools.

Gasoline Consumption in Illinois

The advent of gasoline rationing on

December 1, 1942, is shown in the decline

of gasoline sales following that date. Table

37 gives sales data, by months, for four

years.


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PETROLEUM 53

r- ^ 88

wo

15.7575,059 3,349

24,165

687

co"owo

OO

ON ^_ o8

17,7795,421 3,574

26.7741,282

COo

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O8

16,7505,185 3,433

25.3681,961

OO(N(N

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17,3534,999 3,444

25,796

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2.1o8

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17,3825,098 3,580

26.060

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Table 34.

—

Crude Oil Price Changes for Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky and Ohio, 1943'

January 6, 1943 December 29, 1943

Posted by Sohio Corp. {May 21, 1941)

Illinois basin (^), including Griffin pool $1.371.321.321.32

$1.371.321.37 duly 1

1.37 (Dec. 1

Carmi, Storms, Illinois, area ...

Birk City, Kentucky, area ... 1943)

Corydon, Kentucky, area, Henderson 1943)

Posted by Ohio Oil Co. {May 21, 1941)

Illinois basin 1.371.22

1.371.22Eastern Illinois and Western Indiana

Posted by Carter Oil Co. {May 21, 1941)

Louden, Fayette Countv, Illinois 1.37 1.37

Posted by Mohawk Oil Lines, Inc. {May 21, 1941)

Southern Illinois 1.37 1.37

Posted by Ashland Oil ii Transp. Co. {June 19, 1941);

Somerset Oil in Ashland Lines, Ky.

Big Sandv River 1.381.43

1.38

1.43Kentucky River

Posted by Owensboro-Ashland Co.

Owensboro, Kentucky, area (Mav 21, 1941

)

1.32 1.37 duly 1, 1943)

Posted by S. 0. Ohio {Sept. 1,1941)

1.501.30

1.501.30

a Nat'l Petroleum News, January 6, 1943 and December 29, 1943^ Also posted by tiie Texas Company.

Table 35.

—

Stocks of Crude Oil and Refined Products in the United States,

in Illinois, and in the Central Refining District, by Months, 1943^

(In thousands of barrels)

1943

Total Crude Stocks

UnitedStates

Stocks of Refined Products

Central Refining District

GasolineDistillate

fuel oiP^

Residualfuel oil '5

United States

Gasoline

January. .

.

February.

.

March. . : .

April

MayJuneJulyAugust. . .

.

SeptemberOctober. . .

NovemberDecember.

234,423237,075242,181242,934243,880240,601238,346236,285236,287239,451241,648241,762

9,2979,52710.30611,01710,40511,39111,50213,92914,57715,64714,97314,053

18,01919,59720,31418,99918,33116,10814,85714,16514,08914,10314,29315,592

4,8323,9713,3393.7094,1864,8765,5785,8276,1016,6066,4835,873

2,6862,9102,4522,9053,0973,1793,2863,2793,4093,2172,9082,983

88,67792,84894,11489,48283,88777,54073,14971,05969,21969,04569,55175.327

a U. S. Bureau of Mines, Monthly Petroleum Statements.^ Includes refinery and bulk stocks.

GJSEOUS FUEL 55

Table 36.

—

Estimates of Proved Oil Reserves in the States Serving theIllinois Area, 1935-1944=^

(Millions of barrels)

As of Jan. 1 Oklahoma Kansas Illinois Arkansas Kentucky Indiana Nebraska Michigan

1944194319421941

194019391938193719361935

909969

1,0361,0021,0631,1621,2121,141

1,235

646687690692726613601

568

390

29530733431538224341

28

37

297300295306320188

19284

103

35353641

44383839

50

31

32231414

6

3

3

5

1

2_55

64563551

434944

64

* From reports of Committee on Petroleum Reserves, American Petroleum Institute.

Table 37. -Gasoline Sold in Illinois, 1940-1943, bv Months*(Thousands of gallons)

1940 1941 1942 1943

January. .

.

February,

.

March. . . .

April

MayJuneJulyAugust

—

SeptemberOctober. . .

November,December.

Total.

102,49794,100113,937128,391143,463149,053136,768144,227134,693141,822129,746119,894

111,386105,883127,451140,940162,605148,451155,021155,969145.618143,406134,510135,538

116,30596,237114,387131,138138,072132,000131,683127,469125,830125,274139,73263,479

1,538,591 1,666,778 1,441,606

77,07176,07794,220103,374100,075121,214112,885103,86197,189102,066101,63395.487

1,185,852

* Illinois Gasoline Tax Data?; Illinois Gasoline Tax Evasion Committee, montlily reports.

Gaseous Fuel in Illinois in 1943

Gas, both natural and manufactured, con-

stitutes an important fuel in certain Illinois

industries and localities, particularly Chi-

cago and its environs, as shown in table 38.

Natural gas is obtained from fields both

within the State and by importation from

three fields in the Midcontinent—the Hugo-

ton field in Kansas, the Amarillo field in the

Panhandle of Texas, and the Monroe field

in northern Louisiana. The Hugoton gas

field supplies cities in central Illinois. TheCity of Chicago and its environs is sup-

plied by pipelines from the Amarillo field,

and the St. Louis industrial district is sup-

plied from Monroe, Louisiana. The above

named fields supplying Illinois are primarily

gas fields and not associated with oil pro-

duction.

About 5 percent of the natural gas used

in Illinois is obtained within the State.

Most of this production is associated with

the output of petroleum, although there are

two small gas fields in Illinois which have

also contributed to the supply.

Manufactured gas is obtained principally

as a byproduct of the coking and blast fur-

nace industry and petroleum refining,

although a considerable portion is manufac-

tured in gas producers for sale to the public.

The gas manufactured as a byproduct of

the coking industry, blast furnace opera-

tions, and the refining of petroleum, is used

primarily in plant operations, and only a

small surplus is sold to the public through


Table 38.

—

Consumption of Natural and Manufactured Gas in Illinois,

BY Classes of Consumers, 1940-1943^

1940 1941 1942 1943

Domestic

Number of consumersGas used (M. cu. ft.) . .

Av. amount per consumer (M. cu. tt.)

Value at points of consumptionAverage value per M. cu. ft

Commercial

Number of consumersGas used (M. cu. ft.)

Av. amount per consumer (M. cu. ft.)


Industrial

Number of consumersGas used (M. cu. ft.)

Av. amount per consumer (M. cu. ft.)


Fuel in Fields ^

Gas used (M. cu. ft.)

ValueAverage value per M. cu. ft

Total gas used

Total value

1,237,01819,268,974

15.6

$23,634,750$1.23

65,9265,179,27978.6

$4,546,757$0.88

7,04855,814,927

7,919$11,804,688

$0.21

7,825,255$ 246,134$0,031

1,282,22319,458,025

15.2

$24,417,445$1.25

69,2255,401,30778.0

$4,687,958$0.87

7,49464,775,923

8,644$13,859,802

$0.21

8,999,256$ 273,017$0.03

1,305,08521,290,000

16.3

$26,333,000$1.24

69,1256,074,00087.9

$5,148,000$0.85

7,91571,932,000

9,088$15,989,000$0.22

11,645,000$ 412,000$0,035

1,354,50037,857,000

27.9$41,628,900

$1.10

68,90010,649,200154.6

$7,304,200$0.69

8,20084,098,800

10,256$19,063,300

$0.23

5,812,300$ 228,400$0.04

88,088,435

$40,232,329

98,634,511

$43,238,222

110,941,000

$47,882,000

138,417,300

$68,224,800

a Compiled from joint canvass made by Illinois Geological Survey and U. S. Bureau of Mines^ Includes extraclion loss and fuel used in naUiral gasoline plants.

the utilities. For example, the low calo-

rific gas resulting from blast furnace opera-

tions may be used as fuel for operating the

compressor engines or heating the stoves of

a blast furnace plant. Surplus gas from a

byproduct coking process may be used in the

open-hearth furnace, in the soaking pits, or

in several re-heat operations.

The principal outlet of manufactured gas

is in manufacturing industries; the public

utilities use natural gas or mixed gas in

which natural gas is the more important

ingredient.

The economics of gas distribution through

public utilities in Illinois is of interest be-

cause the conditions of distribution and the

rates are affected by the cost of transmission

from distant fields and the seasonality of

the domestic heating load.

Because of the long transmission dis-

tance, approximately 900 miles, and the

high overhead cost involved, it is advanta-

geous to maintain a full load in the line if a

market can be found for surplus gas in off-

peak periods. The seasonality of demand in

the house-heating load is shown in table 39.

This, together with gas for cooking and

water heating, return the highest gross rev-

enue to the utilities. The load in the sum-

mer season, however, is very low, as for

example in August 1943, the load for this

month was 17 percent of the yearly average

and 8.3 percent of the January load, the

month of highest consumption. The trans-

mission system, however, is maintained at

full capacity by offering gas for industrial

use at especially low rates but subject to a

"cut-off" clause which permits the utility

to shut off the supply to the industrial con-

sumer on short notice in order to take care

of sudden increases in the load among

GASEOUS FUEL 57

domestic users. Under these conditions, the

utilit}' can profitably dispose of surplus gas

during off-peak periods at a price merely

above the cost of the gas without charges to

overhead, since the latter are unchanged by

the full capacity operation of the pipe-line

and have already been calculated in the rates

charged for firm loads. The importance of

the industrial interruptible sales from the

point of view of quantity of gas delivered

is shown in table 39.

The revenues for the several types of

services are shown in table 40. The growth

of the several classes of consumer demandover a period of several vears is shown in

table 41.

Table 39.

—

Gas Sales to Ultimate Consumers in Illinois, 1943,

BY Uses and by Months*(In thousands of therms)

Month

Residential

sales

exclusive of

space

heating

Residential

space

heating

Industrial

interruptible

sales

Commercial-industrial

non-inter-

ruptible andother sales

Industrial

non-inter-

ruptible

sales

Total

. anuaryFebruaryMarch

16,39315,28415,57515,43615,86716,37315,37614,48515.75916,66416,09916,432

21,35320,33019,32913,6159,4755,2212,2881,7542,7545,74111,49917,473

30,81129,47532,39132,83536,32339,58342,61336,64732,13532,98832,77330,660

8,6418,0808,0969,1507,9157,0115,9276,4366,1036,9705,9957,511

8,9719,13710,20511,93812,11612,57612,18512,73712,56213,68011,70911,643

86,16982,30685,596

April

May82,97481,69680,764

July 78,389AugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecember

72,05969,31376,04378,07583,719

Total 189,743 130,832 409,234 87,835 139,459 957,103

Figures taken from "Monthly Summary of Gas Sales in Illinois," Illtnois Gas Utilities, Rate.s and Research Section.

Table 40.

—

Gas Sales to Ultimate Consumers in Illinois, 1943,

by Uses and by Months^(In thousands of dollars)

Month

Residential

sales

exclusive

of space

heating

Residential

space

heating

Industrial

interruptible

sales

Commercialand

other sales

Industrial

non-inter-

ruptible

sales

Total


May

% 2,8932,5932,6212,6262,6982,7762,6562,5512,6942,8412,7472,763

? 1,6121,5171,4551,068

787492275229310532927

1,328

$ 595577624631

678710755683626642643602

$ 886763765705632569492486488552615724

$ 613568626627621

634609635618690678695

$ 6,5996,0186,0915,6575,416

JuneJuly

5,1814,787

AugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecember

4,5844,7365,2575,6106,112

Total 332,459 $10,532 $7,766 $7,617 $7,614 $66,048

a Figures tj "Monthly Summary of Gas Sales in Illinois," Illi Gas Utilities, Rates and Research Section.


Table 41.

—

Gas Sales to Ultimate Consumers in Illinois,BY Principal Uses, 1939-1943^

fin thousands of therms)

Uses 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943

Residential sales exclusive of

space heating 170.54288,90167,11064,397

383,406771

176,266107,31273.41374,181

377,970847

176.357105,52076,67995,180

378,658954

182,250124,06885,137109,234449,508

1,137

190,040Residential space heating sales.

Commercial sales

Industrial non-interruptible. . . .

Industrial interruptible

Public agencies

130,87086,409139,833409,672

1,526

Total 775,138 809,989 833,348 951,334 958,350

inois Commerce Commission, Rates and Research Section, Research BuUetiiu Nos. 3 3, 3 5, 40.

STONE, ROCK PRODUCTS

Limestone, dolomite, and calcareous marl.

—Production of limestone, dolomite, and

calcareous marl in Illinois in 1943 amounted

to 11,384,000 tons, valued at the plants at

approximately $10,609,000. This was a

decrease of about 19 percent in amount

from the previous year, due to shortage of

labor and truck transportation as well as

decreased demand. All of these conditions

were caused by concentration on the war

effort. In production of stone, Illinois

ranked third among the states, being ex-

ceeded only by Pennsylvania and Ohio.

Details of this production are given in

tables 42 and 43 by kind and by use. Lime-

stone showed a decrease of 15 percent in

amount from 1942 and dolomite (stone con-

taining 25 percent or more magnesium car-

bonate) decreased 22 percent. Calcareous

marl increased 2 percent.

Industrial uses of stone declined 11 per-

cent in amount from 1942. Metallurgical

and flux uses increased 3 percent. All

other industrial uses showed decreases

;

agstone decreased 15 percent, whiting sub-

stitutes 44 percent.

Construction uses of stone declined 23

percent in amount from the previous year.

Riprap increased 76 percent, railroad bal-

last decreased 10 percent, concrete and pav-

ing decreased 20 percent, and rubble and

veneering stone decreased 94 percent.

During 1943, there were 38 quarries idle

or out of business which in 1942 produced

322,472 tons of stone, or 2.3 percent of the

1942 State total. Production of these quar-

ries averaged 8,486 tons, each of them pro-

ducing less than 30,000 tons, except two.

C^f the 38 quarries, 22 produced limestone,

15 dolomite, and 1 calcareous marl.

Annual production of stone in Illinois

since 1920 is given graphically in figure 7,

showing amount and value for each year

compared with the 20-year average based on

the period 1920-1939, inclusive.

Commercial and governnient-and-contrac-

tor operations.—Production of commercial

operations is separated from that of govern-

ment-and-contractor operations, which in-

clude the following: The State of Illinois,

counties, townships, municipalities, and the

Work Projects Administration, produced

either by themselves or by contractors ex-

pressly for their use. Purchases by govern-

ment agencies from commercial producers

are included in commercial operations. Gov-

ernment-and-contractor operations declined

70 percent, compared with 16 percent de-

cline for commercial operations. Govern-

ment-and-contractor operations produced

only 2 percent of the total tonnage of stone.

STONE, ROCK PRODUCTS 59

1 1 ll ^/^

_l

§.75

''-.,

---:T:--r-.:2p_YR AV,

-»''

-<*'^

AVE RAG : VALUE PER TON

<.50cru

1 1 .,1 -J

—

1 1 1 1 1111 1 1 1 1 1 1

1920 1925 1930 1935 1940

Fig. 7.—Annual production of stone (limestone, dolomite, marlj in Illinois, 1920-1943.

(The 20-year average is based on data for 1920-1939 inclusive.)


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STOXE, ROCK PRODUCTS 61

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AGSTONE 63

Agstoxe Used in Illinois

Agstone (ground limestone, dolomite,

and marl, used for soil improvement)

amounted to more than 3,221,000 tons in

Illinois during 1943, as shown in tahle 44.

This was a reduction of about 17 percent

from the previous year. This reduction was

caused by shortage of labor, trucks, and re-

pairs for equipment, due to general concen-

tration of all labor and equipment on pro-

duction of war materials.

During 1943, agstone was produced in

40 of the 102 counties of the State. Of the

total amount used during the year, 95 per-

cent wâs produced in Illinois.

Table 45 gives the use of agstone by

counties in Illinois during 1943, showing

the amounts produced in Illinois and those

produced in other states. It also shows the

arable land in each county, and the average

quantity of agstone used, in pounds per acre

of arable land. These data are from reports

of producers, some distribution data being

supplemented by information from county

farm advisers. Corresponding data are

given for 1942.

Table 46 gives the amount and the per-

centage of total Illinois consumption of

agstone produced in other states which was

used in Illinois during the past five years.

Table 47 gives the distribution of agstone

produced in Illinois which was marketed

in other states during the same period.

Agstone used in 1943 in Illinois is shown

graphically in figure 8, giving by group sym-

bols the county averages in pounds per acre

of arable land.

Table 46.

—

Agstone Produced ix Other StatesAND Used in Illinois, 1939-1943*

(In tons)

Amount Percent of

Year sold in total Illinois

Illinois consumption

1939 71,775 5.1

1940 106,912 5.91941 95,226 3.21942 171,035 4.51943 166,518 5.3

3 From canvass made by Illinois Geological Survey,

Table 47.

—

Agstone Produced in Illinois and MarketedIN Other States, 1939-1943^

(In tons)

Year Wisconsin Iowa Missouri Kentucky Indiana Other States Total

1939.... 441 4,751 3,527 19,450 28,1691940. . .

.

950 — 353 5,450 3,800 15,225 25,7781941.... — 100 867 940 1,800 1,125 4,8321942.... 450 — 203 9,700 28,811 19,853 59,0171943.... — 11,000 1,192 1,000 34,579 28,200 75,971

* From canvass made by Illinois Geological Survey


Table 45.

—

Agstone Used in Illinois, by Counties, 1942 and 1943*

CountyTonsused in

1942

Tons used in 1943

Produced in

Illinois

Produced in

other states

Total usedin Illinois

Acres of

arable land

(1939 census)

Pounds usedper acre

1942

AdamsAlexander. .

BondBooneBrown

BureauCalhoun . .

Carroll

CassChampaign.

Christian . . .

ClarkClayClintonColes

CookCrawford . .

CumberlandDeKalbDeWitt

DouglasDuPageEdgarEdwards. . .

Effingham.

.

FayetteFordFranklin. . .

FultonGallatin

Greene ....

GrundyHamilton

.

Hancock. . .

Hardin ....

Henderson

.

HenryIroquois . .

JacksonJasper

Jefferson. . .

Jersey

Jo Daviess

.

Johnson. . . .

Kane

Kankakee.

.

Kendall....

KnoxLakeLaSalle ....

Lawrence . .

LeeLivingston

.

LoganMcDonough

43,0379,150

27,37114,02317,128

39,48118,36847,70015,63571,948

100,88350,21929,69035,71147,628

38,17433,79134,35329,09118,127

24,55517,88662,33320,60636,837

29,59027,13524,82022,94714,120

31,78923,56819,26339,6909,414

41,79356,58682,92520,42841,413

61,56730,86830,51528,61225,116

56,07229,38835,82710,77586,445

20,42570,400118,61520,55239,883

65,5518,024

20,02712,34215,000

30,87615,90634,80014,09626,869

56,17651,81822,53934,15837,000

39,14034,98019,29925,9104,797

9,50526,79035,15415,15119,154

29,54720,53117,83511,97413,325

20,62227,09811,81340,5297,651

30,60060,27971,56121,71742,923

21,56812,30025,30010,68721,445

81,35530,58819,0347,858

71,965

9,82477,01834,92721,61720,267

35053

1,986

48254457459

3,775114

1,014

127

4,37316,865

57

5,721518

2,3713,486

7,3543,712

28

35,454

16,020

228

551

374080342000

862906800096869

176

300083732059

140

755413910797

519790281

524019

604531

556492325

622098184

015651

600633273745923

022300300687

445

355588

054858

965

052018927617267

25249122

115

71

35262

151

137

487

317147

147

184

204

174129

111

300178

20398

25579153

207235101

267102

164193

126

26521

127

327536147

174

146

104144

59210

300150253108

506

122317522305225

446866224849549

777607498405052

469721

932463186

178

019117

180

758

651

841

054811

841

106

032537772638

814637415043367

291

034438931

186

453793530742186

394326753847546

007176760432530

340366448242479

224587630228295

636679401

388466

438524618194

203

241

362489516479

286231

489171

275

386243305299882

657346309276475

841

589422958239

373391

286198

342

335444454135

354

Compiled from canvass made by Illinois Geological Survey, in cooperation with Illinois Agricultural Association and

Midwest Agricultural Limestone Institute.

AGSrOXE 65

Table 45.—(Concluded)

County

McHenryMcLean . .

MaconMacoupin.Madison . .

Marion . .

Marshall.

Mason. .

.

Massac . .

Menard.

.

MercerMonroeMontgomeryMorgan. . . . .

Moultrie. . . .

Ogle. .

.

Peoria

.

Perry.

,

Piatt. .

Pike. .

.

PopePulaski . . ,

Putnam.

.

Randolph

.

Richland.

Rock Island.

St. Clair . . . .

Saline

Sangamon.

.

Schuyler. . . .

Scott

ShelbyStarkStephenson.Tazewell. . .

UnionVermilion. .

WabashWarrenWashington

Wayne . . .

WhiteWhiteside. .

Will.

Williamson.

Tonsused in

1942

Winnebago. . .

Woodford. . . .

Undistributed

20,580142,16118,40734,38736,283

55,29418,461

23,69621 , 10023,627

28,33825,38143,15414,33822,513

52,01745,97321,44638,40930,041

15,98810,64117,81961,51317,720

29,20456,80319,74446,4618,922

8,56440,86135,14862,00022,549

19,72574,90810,23446,38849,289

40,21421,27244,02544,98430,826

35,31529,590215,989

Tons used in 1943

Produced in

Illinois

Total 3,866,568

27,407102,24535,96024,21725,946

26,86913,89621,23120,18015,526

18,35035,71253,9558,620

32,519

40,13452,58115,63911,59514.547

7,8567,1587,852

40,03716,033

30,00073,32220,58142,9227,100

4,13833,6618,823

42,00016,958

19,13043,7504,28356,27227,559

37,93116,88473,61955,22915,920

35,00019,024

125,970

Produced in

other states

3,054,959

114792160

11,864

2,079

680409

226531

60

839653

107

277

702,853

4,4222,65810,722

10,5554.1652,017

Total usedin Illinois

27.407102,24536,07425,00926,106

38.73313,89621,23120,18015,526

20,42935,71253,9559,300

32,926

40,13452,80716,17011,65514,547

166,518

856158

852

45,87616,686

30,10773,59920,58142,9227,100

4,13833,73111,67642,00016,958

19,13043,7508,705

58,93038,281

48,48621,04975,63655,22915,920

35,00019.024

125,970

Acres of

arable land

(1939 census)

211,577557,076263,970263,157256,470

171,342158,028225.53556,261

128,395

190,569144,902248,528220,259154,637

309,633203,084126,300210,451232,460

52,20253,83056,148196,442132,767

127,185229,60099,227

358,668123,785

87,070283,990121,264212,702265,832

94.140390.90180.345

210,953211.504

215,527189.016274,505345,14786,222

180,603222,776

Pounds usedper acre

1942

3,221.477 20,201,195

195

510139

261

283

645234210750368

297350347130291

336453340365258

613395635626267

458495398259144

197288580583170

419383255440466

373225320261

715

391

266

1943

Av.383

259367273190204

452176188717242

21449343484

426

259520256HI125

301266278467252

474641

415239115

95238192395128

407224217559362

450222551

321369

388171

Av.318


Fig. 8.—Agstone used in 1943. County averages are given in pounds per acre of

arable land.

CEMENT 67

1 c r. 1

rcent

nge

ii

lount

1

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CEMEXT, LIME, MIXERJL IFOOL 69

Cement, Lime, Mineral Wool

Cement.—Shipments of cement by pro-

ducers in Illinois during 1943 amounted to

4,595.000 barrels, valued at the plants at

more than $7,094,000. This was a decrease

in amount of 35 percent from the previous

year, as shown in table 48. Special hydraulic

masonr\- cements increased 2 percent, stand-

ard Portland cements decreased 37 percent,

and special portland cements decreased from

26 to 46 percent. These decreases resulted

from completions of military construction

and plants producing war materials.

Lime.—Production of lime in Illinois in

1943 amounted to 376,000 tons, valued at

plants at $2,371,000. This was an increase

in amount of 20 percent from the previous

year, as shown in table 49. Quicklime, in-

cluding dead-burned (sintered) dolomite,

increased 23 percent, while hydrated lime

decreased 13 percent. Considering uses,

building operations used 45 percent less

quicklime than for the previous year, and

59 percent less hydrated lime. Chemical

and industrial uses were 25 percent more for

quicklime and 6 percent less for hydrated

lime. These changes were the results of

increased demand from war industries and

less demand for other purposes.

Annual shipments of cement and lime by

producers in Illinois are shown graphically

in figure 9, beginning with 1920, compared

with the 20-year average, based on ship-

ments for 1920-1939, inclusive.

Mineral Wool.—Production data on

mineral wool in Illinois are available for

the first time in 1943. The value of the

product, see table 50, was more than $2,-

413,000. About 72 percent of this was used

for home insulation and the balance for in-

dustrial insulation. Raw materials used

are woolrock, limestone, slag, and other rock

materials.

Table 50.

—

Mineral Wool Sold or Used by Producers i.v Illinois, 1943, byKinds and by Uses^

Kind

1943

AmountValue at plants

Total Av.

Loose woolGranulated wool.

Bats and rolls

Felt, blocks, boards, blankets (with metal mesh)

Insulating cement

Other products

tons

1,77126,161

M. sq.ft.

15,894

board ft.

4,214;387

tons

14,984

266

$ 54,884946,856

580,316

463,519

349,968

18.291

$30.9936.19

36.51

.11

23.36

68.80

Total mineral wool 1 6 —' $2,413,834

Use:Home insulation

Industrial insulation

6i

4 '

1

$1,727,4571 686,377

Total mineral wool 1 6 — $2,413,834

i 1

Compiled from joint canvass made by Illinois Geological Survey and U. S. Bureau of Mines.'' Number of plants reporting production during year indicated.


_iUpa.

â:

<

UO

zo32

,^'''

**vCEMENT 20 YR.AV.»v

^\ /—«-.,---*' '

.J. 1 1 1 1 1

1920 1925 1930 1935 1940

i^'iG, 9.—Annual shipments of cement and lime by producers in Illinois, 1920-

1943. (The 20-year average is based on quantities for 1920-1939

inclusive.)

CLAY AND CLAY PRODUCTS 71

CLAYS, CLAY PRODUCTSINCLUDING fuller's EARTH AND SILICA

REFRACTORIES

Clays Including Fuller's Earth

Clays (including fuller's earth), which

were sold and shipped as such in Illinois in

1943, are shown in table 51, by kinds and

by uses. These do not include clays burned

into clay products by their producers, which

are reported in the resultant clay products.

Corresponding figures for 1942 are given

for comparison, and the percent change in

amount from that for 1942.

Considering the kinds of clays, fuller's

earth showed the greatest increase in amount

of shipments, 110 percent, or more than

double that for the previous year. Stone-

ware clay shipments increased 53 percent,

and fire clay 5 percent, whereas kaolin,

shale and surface clay decreased. Total

clays sold and shipped increased 18 percent

to 246,500 tons, valued at plants at more

than $1,039,700.

Comparison of the various uses of clays

showed the following increases from 1942

in amount of shipments: oil refining and

cleaners, 112 percent; bonding foundry

sands, 10 percent; for making structural

products, 10 percent; laying and daubing

refractories, 5 percent. Other uses showed

decreases varying from 12 to 30 percent.

Total non-ceramic uses increased 44 per-

cent to 112,000 tons, and total ceramic uses

increased 3 percent to 134,500 tons.

Clay Products Including Silica

Refractories

Clay products (including silica refracto-

ries) sold and shipped by producers in Illi-

nois in 1943, and comparative data for

1942, are given in table 52. Wide differ-

ences in size of products make it impossible

to compare amounts of white wares and

pottery, so their comparison is made by

values.

Refractories, clay and silica, decreased 5

percent in total, but plastic and castable

refractories increased 10 percent, whereas

other refractories decreased from 4 to 8 per-

cent. Total refractories were 260,000

tons, valued at $5,379,000.

Structural clay products shipments in

1943 showed a decrease of 27 percent in

amount compared with that of the previous

year. Drain tile made a notable increase of

35 percent, while other structural products

decreased varying amounts from 29 to 48

percent. Total structural products were

830,000 tons, valued at plants at $4,515,-

000.

IVkite wares and pottery remained prac-

tically the same, with a total value at plants

of $7,350,000. Porcelain increased 47 per-

cent, while stoneware and kitchenware in-

creased 43 percent. Other kinds of white

wares decreased from 1 to 18 percent.

Total clay products sold and shipped in

Illinois in 1943 were valued at plants at

more than $17,254,000, a decrease of 12

percent from the previous year.

Annual sales of clays and clay products

by producers in Illinois for the past five

years is shown graphically in figure 10.


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CLAY AND CLAY PRODUCTS 73

11 C .<N

Percent

hange

iamount

om

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and

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— "CLAYi

1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944

Fig. 10.—Annual sales of clays and clay products by producers in Illinois,

1939-1943.

BUILDIXG COXSTRUCTION 75

Building Construction

The decline in shipment of structural clay

products is reflected in the trend of resi-

dential building as shown by the value of

building permits issued. Although the

over-all volume of building permits rose

17.4 percent above that for 1942, the gain

was entirely in industrial and commercial

structures, while residential building fell

20.6 percent. The month-by-month record

is shown in table 53.

Table 53.

—

Value of Building Permits Issued in Illinois

BY Months and by Type, in 1943*

Num 3er of

Valuation

Monthdwelling units All building construc-

tion (including additions,

etc.)

New resi

build

dential

ngsNew non-residential

buildings

Total Federal Total Federal Total Federal Total Federal

Jan.... 137 b $ 1,607,537 b $ 600,500 b $ 280,812 b

Feb. . . . 151 16,943,000 $15,376,000 634,000 15.680.000 $15,376,000March

.

293 3,888.000 1,759,000 1,277,000 1.996.000 1,759,000April. . . 409 3,563,000 934,000 1,486,000 1.447,000 934,000May. . . 381 6,482,000 3,597.000 1,709.000 3,868.000 3,582,000June. . . 310 2.999.000 309,000 1,233,000 775,000 289.000July... 682 5,000,000 847,000 2.820,000 1,254,000 831.000Aug.. . . 1,125 13,761,000

;

7,496,000 4,806.000 8,075,000 7.468.000Sept. . . 679 5,806,000 742,000 2.908,000 1.467,000 742,000Oct.... 1,869 1,500 16,138,000 12,507,000 9,127.000 $7,597,000 5,775.000 4,910,000Nov.... 328 4,945,000 1.553.000 1.350.000 2.397,000 1,536,000Dec. . . . 333 4,245,000 906.000 1.525,000 1,567,000 892,000

Total,

1943. 6,697 1,500 $85,377,537 $46,026,000 $29,475,500 $7,597,000 $44,581,812 $38,319,000

Total,1

1942, $72,707,046 $37,121,228 $23,326,491

Percentchange1943from1942... + 17.4 —20.6 +91.1

a As reported to U. S. Dept. of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics

for 1943.t> Not available.

See monthly reports on "Building Construction"


SAND AND GRAVEL

Silica Sand.—Production of silica sand in

Illinois in 1943 established another all-time

high record, 3,375,000 tons, valued at the

plants at approximately $4,800,000, as

shown in table 54. This was an increase of

nearly 9 percent in amount from 1942,

which was the previous high record. Illi-

nois ranks first among all the states in the

production of silica sand for steel molding

sand and for glass sand.

Uses for industrial purposes totaled

3,354,000 tons, valued at $4,766,000, which

was an increase in amount of 9 percent from

the previous year. The greatest propor-

tionate increases were made in glass sand

and fire or furnace sand. Steel molding

sand and blast, grinding and polishing sands

also showed increases.

Ground Silica.—During 1943 the Illinois

production of ground silica, or silica flour,

made by fine grinding of washed silica sand,

amounted to 173,800 tons, valued at the

plants at $1,218,700. As shown in table

55 this was an increase of 4 percent in

amount from the previous year. Illinois

ranks first among all the states in the pro-

duction of ground silica.

Use of this material in the manufacture

of enamel and glass during 1943 increased

110 percent from the previous year, whereas

in the pottery, porcelain and tile industries

its use increased 28 percent.

Other- Sand and Gravel.—Production of

other sand and gravel in Illinois in 1943

declined due to shortage of labor and stop-

page of construction, which resulted from

concentration on war industries. Natural-

bonded molding sand also declined in 1943.

However, production of engine and filter

sands and novaculite gravel production in-

creased over that of the previous year.

Table 57 shows other sand and gravel,

sold or used by producers in Illinois in 1942

and 1943. The total of all sand and gravel

produced in 1943 amounted to 13,608,000

tons, valued at the plants at $9,858,000

which was a decrease of 24 percent in

amount from 1942. Illinois ranked third

among the states, being exceeded only by

California and Ohio.

Construction uses of sand and gravel

amounted to 10,012,000 tons, valued at

$4,918,000, which was a decrease of 31

percent. Each class of construction sand

showed decreases varying from 18 to 48

percent. This indicates the thoroughness

with which Illinois has supported the war

effort.

Cofnniercial and Governinent-and-con-

tractor operations.—About 700,000 tons, or

5 percent, of sand and gravel produced in

Illinois during 1943 came from government-

and-contractor operations: The State of

Illinois, counties, townships, municipalities

and the Work Projects Administration, pro-

duced either by themselves or by contrac-

tors expressly for their use. Purchases by

government agencies from commercial pro-

ducers are included in commercial opera-

tions.

Government - and - contractor operations

declined 40 percent, compared with a de-

cline of 30 percent for commercial opera-

tions, during 1943.

Annual production and value of sand and

gravel, including silica sand, in Illinois is

shown graphically in figure 11, for each

year since 1920. The average value per ton

is also given for each year. The large in-

crease since 1939 is especially notable be-

cause sand and gravel are not generally con-

sidered very important in war economy. Theannual value for 1942, which established an

all-time record, was the result of the great

increases in the use of silica sand for steel

molding sand and the large increases in the

use of other sands for various industrial

sands. All of these industrial uses were

greatly affected by the production of war

materials.

SAXD JXD GRAFEL 77

C (N 1

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y n- sD r- 00 On ro On 00 00^ rJ cs r-- ^^ chai am

fron ++++1

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+ 1 +

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CO—'cs Tj-

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CU

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>

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ngin

1,0

(J c/: oau. U. c 1 x 1


Table 55.

—

Ground Silica Sold or Used by Producers in Illinois, 1942 and 1943*

1942 1943Percent

UseAmount

tons

Value at plantsAmount

tons

Value at plantschange in

amountfrom 1942

Total Av. Total Av.

51,6862,76082,27720,6778,903

$ 352,34519,182

550,443136,73864,048

$6.816.906.696.617.19

53,3475,804

69,59126,47918,633

$ 358,25642,844

484,824199,886132,959

$6.727.386.977.556.60

+ 3.2Enamel and glass

Foundry and filler

+ 110.3— 15.4

Pottery, porcelain and tile.. .

Other uses

+ 28.1

+ 109.2

Total 166,303 $1,122,756 $6.79 173,854 $1,218,769 $7.01 + 4.5

Compiled from joint canvass made by Illinois Geological Survey and U. S. Bureau of Mines.

Table 56.

—

Tripoli (A.moki-hols Silica) Sold or Used byProducers in Illinois, 1942 and 1943"

1942 1943Percent

UseAmount

tons

Value at plants

Total i Av.

Amounttons

Value at plantschange in

amountfrom 1942

Total Av.

Abrasive 4,0008,575

$ 64,150139,240

$16 0416.24

3.1827,021

$ 51,889116,869

$16.3116.65

—20.0Filler and other uses —18.1

Total 12,575 $203,390 $16.17 10,203 $168,758 $16.54 —18.9

3 Compiled from joint canvass made by Illinois Geological Survey and U. S. Bureau of Mines

Tripoli (amorphous silica).—Production

of tripoli (amorphous silica) in Illinois dur-

ing 1943 amounted to 10,200 tons, valued

at the plants at $168,700 as given in table

56. Illinois ranks first among the states in

production of tripoli.

This material was used as an abrasive,

polish, filler, and for many other purposes.

SAND AND GRAVEL 79

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FLUORSPAR

Production of finished fluorspar in the

nation was 406,000 tons in 1943. In addi-

tion, 65,000 tons of crude ore, equivalent to

27,400 tons of finished fluorspar, was mined

but not milled, in 1943. Thus total pro-

duction (expressed in terms of finished

fluorspar) was 433,400 tons in 1943 com-

pared with 337,000 tons in 1942. The Illi-

nois-Kentucky district accounted for 75 per-

cent of the total in 1943 as compared with

79 percent in 1942.

Illinois not only maintained its rank as

the chief producing state by shipping 23 per-

cent more fluorspar than in 1942, the pre-

vious record year, but it accounted for 49

percent of the total shipments in 1943. Onthe other hand, shipments from Kentucky

declined for the second successive year and

were 18 percent less than 1942. Colorado

and New Mexico also made new records in

1943, as shown in tables 58 and 59.

Consumption reached an all-time high

of 388,885 tons in 1943 compared with

360,800 tons in 1942. Steel mills contin-

ued to be the principal consumers of fluor-

spar although its use in the chemical and

ceramic industries is increasing rapidly.

Consumption of fluorspar in the manufac-

ture of hydrofluoric acid, which is essen-

tial in the manufacture of artificial cryolite

and aluminum fluoride, high-octane gaso-

line, refrigerating mediums, insecticides

and other products, was 39 percent greater

than in 1942 and accounted for 29 percent

of the total consumption as compared with

23 percent in 1942. The glass industry,

ranking third in importance as a consumerof fluorspar, used 1 1 percent more than in

1942. Uses of fluorspar are given in table 59.

Prices

Maximum prices for metallurgical grade

fluorspar, which had been $23 to $25, were

increased November 23, 1942, to a range

of from $25 to $28 a ton, according to cal-

cium fluoride and silica content. The in-

crease failed to result in increased produc-

tion, which lagged considerably behind con-

sumption during the first half of 1943. Con-

sequently effective July 1, 1943, the base

price for metallurgical grade fluorspar was

increased by $5 per ton. Concurrently, a

wage raise of about 24 percent was granted

mine employees in the Illinois-Kentucky

district. These advances were followed by a

marked improvement in production, which

has since been in excess of consumption.

Fluorspar in Illinois

Mining of fluorspar established another

all-time high record in Illinois in 1943, for

the second successive year. The record was

198,789 tons, valued at the mines at $6,292,-

789. This was an increase in tonnage of 23

percent from the previous year. Illinois

ranks first among all the states in the pro-

duction of fluorspar.

Shipments of fluorspar from mines in Illi-

nois for 1942 and 1943 are given in table

60, by kind and by use. The greatest in-

crease in use was for the manufacture of

hydrofluoric acid, 43 percent, which brought

the amount of fluorspar used in this indus-

try up to that used in the steel industry.

The latter showed an increase of 15 percent,

and the foundry industry used 32 percent

more than the previous year.

Annual shipments and average value of

fluorspar from Illinois mines since 1913 are

presented graphically in figure 12 showing

the effect of two world wars on this indus-

try.

Shipments of fluorspar from Illinois

mines from 1939 to 1943 are shown in

table 61.

FLUORSPAR 83

200

1913 '15

Fig. 12.—Fluorspar, annual shipments and average value, from Illinois mines,

1913-1943.


Table 58.

—

Fluorspar Shipped from Mines in the United States,1942 and 1943, by States ^

State

1942

Tons

Value

Total Av.

1943

Tons

Value

Total Av.

Percentof total

amount

Illinois

KentuckyColoradoNew Mexico

^Texas V

Arizona '

Washington . . .

NevadaUtahTennesseeCalifornia

Total

161,949134,13331,743

23,291

488,0201,018

114

$4,306,7503,266,257

640,938

530,025

153,779

$26.5924.3520.19

22.76

16.72

198,789109,84949,14537,050

9601,328

8,65351

57134

$6,292,7893,122,5131,164,868968,09419,281

26,441

190,269

$31.6628,4323.7026.6220.0819.91

21.39

49.027.112.1

9.1

.3

.3

2.1

360,316 $8,897,749 $24.69 406,016 $11,802,255 $29.07 100.0

a U. S. Department of the Interior, M.M.S. No. 1164, April 19, 1944.

Table 59.

—

Fluorspar Shipped from Mines in the United States,1942 and 1943, by Uses*

1942 1943

Use

Tons

Value

Tons

Value

Total Av. Total Av.

Steel 225,2333,408

20,8901,923

88,08311,763

9,016

$5,085,03765,073576,37356,723

2,540,766331,242

242,545

$22.5819.0927.5929.5028.8528.16

26.90

220,8093,39819,4871,572

123,68019,9568,0709,044

$6,006,25185,728

582,17350,620

4,046,231598,627185,652246,973

$27.2025.2329.87

P.namel 32.20

Hydrofluoric acid

MiscellaneousGovernment stockpile

Foreign consumption

32.7230 0023.0127.31

Total 360,316 $8,897,749 $24.69 406.016 $11,802,255 $29.07

a U. S. Department of the Interior, M.M.S. No. 1164, Apiil 19, 1944.

FLUORSPAR 85

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ZINC, LEAD, AND SILVER 87

ZINC, LEAD AND SILVER

The Wisconsin-Northern Illinois region

was the only important Central States zinc-

producing region in which output of both

crude ore and recoverable metals increased

in 1943.

Silver production in Illinois was obtained

from zinc-lead-fluorspar ore and byproduct

lead concentrates produced in milling fluor-

spar.

The zinc and lead ore and concentrates

produced in northern Illinois in 1942 and

1943 were shipped to the custom flotation

mill of the Vinegar Hill Zinc Company at

Cuba City, Wisconsin.

In southern Illinois the bulk of the out-

put of zinc and lead came from zinc-lead-

fluorspar mines near Cave in Rock, Hardin

County.

Illinois production of zinc, lead, and sil-

ver recovered from ores mined in Illinois

during 1943 was valued at $1,632,000, as

shown in table 62.

OTHER MINERALS

Included in this group are several min-

eral materials produced in Illinois by less

than three producers for each material, so

that details of production cannot be pub-

lished without revealing individual opera-

tions. These materials are

:

Gaiiister, a siliceous material found in

Union and Alexander counties, of southern

Illinois.

Peat, produced in northern Mason county

for mixed fertilizer and other purposes

(Illinois ranks first among the states in the

production of peat).

Pyrites (coal brasses), produced in

Henry County from coal-cleaning opera-

tions.

Safidstone and jjiiscellajieous stone, pro-

duced in various parts of the State for riprap

and road work, by government-contractor

operations.

The total amount and value of these

mineral materials just described, which were

produced in Illinois during the past five

years, are given in table 63. The total

value for 1943 amounted to $124,142.

Table 63.

—

Other Minerals* Sold or Used byProducers in Illinois, 1939—1943^

YearAmounttons*

Value at plants*

Total Av.

19391940

254,164181,32431,05336,55529,236

$327,431197,215103,843134,037124,142

$1.291.09

1941 3.341942 3.671943 4.25

* Revised figures.

» Minerals included: ganister, peat, pyrites, sandstone,miscellaneous stone.

^ Compiled from joint canvass made by Illinois GeologicalSurvey and U. S. Bureau of Mines.

MINERALS PROCESSED, BUT NOT MINED, IN ILLINOIS

Included in this group are mineral mate-

rials which are processed in Illinois but are

mined in other states. Production of these

materials in Illinois during the past three

years is given in table 64, as far as the data

are available.

Coke and byproducts.—All coke produced

in Illinois is made in byproduct ovens, most

of it from coal mined in the eastern bitumi-

nous fields. Coke produced from Illinois

coal is not differentiated from the other, so

table 64 gives the entire amount of coke


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PROCESSED MIXER.n.S 89

made in Illinois. Details of coke manufac-

ture are given in this report in the section

on "Coke and Byproducts" (see p. 47).

Packaged fuel.—This material is proc-

essed in Illinois from the fines resulting

from storage and handling of eastern coal.

Details are given in the section on "Fuel

Briquets and Packaged Fuel" (see p. 46).

Data cannot be published on the production

of fuel briquets in Illinois without reveal-

ing individual operations.

Pig iroTi,—This basic product in the steel

industry is produced in Illinois from iron

ore mined in the Lake Superior district and

shipped in by water. During 1943 Illinois

produced 5,921,000 tons of pig iron, valued

at the furnaces at $126,910,000. This was

an increase of 1 percent over the previous

year and established an all-time high record

for the third successive year. This was the

result of the great demand for iron and steel

for manufacturing war materials.

Sulfuric acid.—This material is produced

in Illinois as a byproduct of the smelting of

zinc ores and is also produced from sulfur

at zinc plants.

Slab zinc.—This basic product in the zinc

industry is produced in Illinois from ores

mined in Illinois and from ores mined in

other states. Zinc recovered from Illinois

ores is included in table 62. That recovered

from out-of-state ores is included in "Total

Processed" in table 64.

Ground feldspar is made in Illinois from

crude feldspar which is mined in South

Dakota. It is used in the manufacture of

white ware and enamels and for other pur-

poses. Data cannot be published on feld-

spar grinding in Illinois without revealing

individual operations, but are included in

"Miscellaneous Minerals", in table 64.

Illinois is an important consumer of

ground feldspar. Consumption in this

State in the period 1939-1943 is shown in

table 65.

Sales of ground feldspar to ceramic indus-

tries account for more than 95 percent of

Table 65.

—

Consumption of Ground FeldsparIN Illinois, 1939—1943^

Year Net tons

193919401941

15,94832,81144,573

1942 50,4501943 49 , 302

U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, Min-eral Market Report M.M.S. No. 1176, June 19, 1944.

the total shipments. Most of the ground

feldspar consumed is sold to glass and pot-

tery manufacturers.

Alagnesiu?n compounds are processed in

Illinois from out-of-state dolomite. Data

on these are included in "Miscellaneous

Minerals", table 64, to avoid revealing in-

dividual operations.

Mineral pigments are produced in Illinois

from crude mineral earth pigments from

various sources. Data on these are included

in "Miscellaneous Minerals", table 64.

Pig lead is made in Illinois by smelting

lead ores; that obtained from ores mined in

Illinois is given in table 62. Data on pig

lead produced in Illinois from ores mined

in other states are not available.

Expanded vermiculite is produced in Illi-

nois by heat-treating crude vermiculite

which is mined in the West. Production

figures are not availaable.

Alumina, phosphates, and other proc-

essed mineral materials are produced in Illi-

nois in large amounts, but data for them

are not available.

The total 1943 value of mineral mate-

rials which were processed in Illinois but

mined in other states, as given in table 64,

amounted to $205,427,811. This was an

increase of 5 percent from the previous year.

The values of pig lead, expanded vermic-

ulite, alumina, phosphates, and other min-

eral materials, data for which are not avail-

able, would greatl)- increase the total given

in table 64.

Illinois State Geological Survey

Report of Investigations No. 101

Documents

Illinois mineral industry in 1943 · 4Bituminouscoalandlignite,productionbydistricts,1941-1943 17 5 Production indistricts with largeall-rail shipments to the upper Mississippi valley,