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ILLEGALILLEGALPARITICPATIONPARITICPATION
(Rule 9 – 6)(Rule 9 – 6)andand
ILLEGALILLEGALSUBSTITUTIONSSUBSTITUTIONS
(Rule 3 – 7)(Rule 3 – 7)
Jason S. CappsJason S. CappsPacific Northwest Football Officials AssociationPacific Northwest Football Officials Association
““AFTER GOING AFTER GOING OUT-OF-BOUNDS”OUT-OF-BOUNDS”
If a player is blocked or pushed out-of-bounds, they may legally participate in the down as long as they immediately return to the field.
• No player on Team A or Team K may go out-of-bounds (intentionally or unintentionally) during a down and return.
• Foul occurs when he returns; not when he steps out-of-bounds.
• If blocked out-of-bounds and returns immediately = NO FOUL.
• Restriction does not apply to Team B or R players who unintentionally step out-of-bounds.
EXCEPTION TO EXCEPTION TO THIS PRINCIPLETHIS PRINCIPLE
EXCEPTION TO EXCEPTION TO THIS PRINCIPLETHIS PRINCIPLE
• After a change of possession (kick recovered by R, fumble recovered by B, interception, etc.) restrictions on Team A or K unintentionally going out-of-bounds end.
• No player can step out intentionally and return.
• These principles apply to both the sideline and endline.
PENALTY ENFORCEMENTPENALTY ENFORCEMENT
• “Spot of Foul” is the spot player re-enters the field.
• During running play, basic spot is “spot of the foul.”
• During loose-ball play, basic spot is the “previous spot.”
• Use the “all but one principle.”
NO FOUL
B47 accidentallysteps out-of-Bounds
Returns and Makes the Tackle
Run
Pass
RUNNING PLAYRUNNING PLAY
PASSING PLAYPASSING PLAY
A87 accidentally steps on Sideline
ILLEGAL PARTICIPATIONBY A87
Run
Pass
Returns in boundsand catches ball
15 yards from Previous Spot
(loose ball play)
• Even though “illegal participation”:– NOT Ineligible Down Field– NOT Offensive Pass Interference
• A Player eligible at the beginning of a down remains eligible throughout that down.
ADDITIONAL ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONSCONSIDERATIONS
PASSING PLAYPASSING PLAY
B35 accidentally steps on sideline
NO FOULRun
Pass
Returns in boundsand intercepts ball
Illegal Participationby A21
A21 Fumbles
Run
Pass
A21 accidentallysteps on sideline
A21 recoversinbounds
RUNNING PLAYRUNNING PLAY
15 yards from Basic Spot (spot of fumble)
NO FOUL
A21 Fumbles
Run
Pass
B53 accidentallysteps on Sideline
B53 recoversinbounds
RUNNING PLAYRUNNING PLAY
PASSING PLAYPASSING PLAY
NO FOULRun
Pass
B24 Intercepts Ball
During Return,B52 steps on sideline
Then blocks A5 inbounds
PASSING PLAYPASSING PLAY
NO FOULRun
Pass
B24 intercepts ball
During return,A5 steps on sideline
then tackles B24 inbounds
FREE KICK PLAYFREE KICK PLAY
ILLEGAL PARTICIPATIONBy A88
While kick in flight,K88 accidentally touches sideline
K88 is blocked By R52
15 yards from Previous Spot
FREE KICK PLAYFREE KICK PLAY
ILLEGAL PARTICIPATIONBy A88
During return,K88 intentionally
runs out-of-bounds forseveral yards K88 contacts R52
15 yards from End of Run
FREE KICK PLAYFREE KICK PLAY
ILLEGAL PARTICIPATIONBy R63
R63 returns and blocks K57
During Return, R63intentionally runs
several steps on sideline
15 yards from End of Run
SCRIMMAGE KICK PLAYSCRIMMAGE KICK PLAY
NO FOUL
R7 returns and blocks K5
During return, R7accidentally steps
on sideline
SCRIMMAGE KICK PLAYSCRIMMAGE KICK PLAY
NO FOUL
K5 returns and is blocked by B7
During return, K5accidentally steps
on sideline
SCRIMMAGE KICK PLAYSCRIMMAGE KICK PLAY
ILLEGAL PARTICIPATIONBy K5
K5 returns and is blocked by B7
K5 accidentally steps on sideline
Kick is muffedand rolling
15 yards from Previous Spot
SCRIMMAGE KICK PLAYSCRIMMAGE KICK PLAY
NO FOUL
R7 returns and blocks K5
R7 accidentally steps on sideline
Kick is muffedand rolling
SCRIMMAGE KICK PLAYSCRIMMAGE KICK PLAY
NO FOUL
K5 returns and is blocked by B7
K5 accidentally steps on sideline
Kick is caughtthen fumbled
SCRIMMAGE KICK PLAYSCRIMMAGE KICK PLAY
NO FOUL
R7 returns and blocks K5
R7 accidentally steps on sideline
Kick is caughtthen fumbled
““Substitute EntersSubstitute EntersDuring Live Ball”During Live Ball”
If a team member enters to become the 11th player after the snap or free kick, on his side of the neutral zone, it is a foul.
• Considered a “substitute” and not a “player.”• If he does not participate, it is a live-ball “illegal
substitution” foul (five yards).• If he participates in any way (hindering
opponent, drawing coverage, touching the ball), it is a live-ball “illegal participation” foul (fifteen yards).
• Rule also applies to a substitute on the sideline.
CONSIDERATIONSCONSIDERATIONS
After snap, B37 enters and juststands there
ILLEGAL SUBSTITUTIONBy B37
5 yards from Basic Spot
PASSING PLAYPASSING PLAY
After snap, A87enters and draws
coverage from B21
ILLEGAL PARTICIPATIONBy A87
15 yards from Previous Spot
““SUBSTITUTE ENTERSSUBSTITUTE ENTERSON WRONG SIDE ON WRONG SIDE
OF NEUTRAL ZONE”OF NEUTRAL ZONE”
If a team member enters to become the 11th player, he must be on his side of the neutral zone prior to the snap or free kick. If the snap or free kick occurs while he is on the wrong side, it is a foul.
• Considered a “substitute” and not a “player.”• If he does not participate, it is a live-ball, “illegal
substitution” foul (five yards).• If he participates in any way (hindering
opponent, drawing coverage, touching the ball), it is a live-ball, “illegal participation” foul (fifteen yards).
• Rule also applies to a substitute on the sideline.
CONSIDERATIONSCONSIDERATIONS
B25 enters field and snap occurs.
ILLEGAL SUBSTITUTIONBy B25
Realizes error andstands there
5 yards from Previous Spot
PASSING PLAYPASSING PLAY
B25 enters field and snap occurs
ILLEGAL PARTICIPATIONBy B25
B25 pursuespasser.
15 yards from Previous Spot
RUNNING PLAYRUNNING PLAY
B25 enters field and snap occurs
ILLEGAL PARTICIPATIONBy B25
B25 pursuesball carrier
15 yards from Previous Spot
PASSING PLAYPASSING PLAY
B25 enters field and snap occurs.
ILLEGAL PARTICIPATIONBy B25
B25 goes tohis side and then participates
15 yards from Previous Spot
““TWELVE MEN ON FIELD:TWELVE MEN ON FIELD:LIVE BALL OR DEAD BALL FOUL?”LIVE BALL OR DEAD BALL FOUL?”
• A replaced player must “immediately” leave the field.– Must leave on his team’s sideline.
• Interpretation = 3 to 5 seconds.• If official’s count reveals 12 men on
field, “sure” count is accurate, and no one is leaving—
BEFORE SNAPBEFORE SNAP
• Blow whistle and throw flag
DEAD-BALL
“ILLEGAL SUBSTITUTION” FOUL (5 YARDS)
AFTER SNAPAFTER SNAP
• Throw flag and allow play to continue
LIVE-BALL
“ILLEGAL PARTICIPATION” FOUL (15 YARDS)
PLAY #1PLAY #1
• Team A breaks huddle and comes to the line. As QB barks signals, the Referee realizes there are 12 on field.
Blow whistle and throw flag for a dead-ball, illegal substitution, foul.
5 yards from Previous Spot
PLAY #2PLAY #2
• Team A breaks huddle and comes to the line. As QB barks signals, the Referee counts 11 players on the field. Then A12 enters the field and no player leaves.
Allow 3 seconds, if no player departs, throw flag and blow whistle for a dead-
ball foul.If snap occurs before 3 seconds elapses,
throw flag, let play continue and enforce a live-ball, illegal participation
foul.
5 yards from Previous Spot
15 yards from Previous Spot
OROR
PLAY #3PLAY #3
• Team A breaks huddle and comes to the line. As QB barks signals, the Referee thinks there are 12 players on the field. Nobody is trying to leave. As Referee recounts, the ball is snapped and Referee then discovers 12 on the field.
Throw flag, let play continue and enforce a live-ball, illegal
participation foul.
15 yards from Previous Spot