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ili欄No59 lliJlHllm(! 鎖
BURAKUL1BERATIONRESEARCH1NST1TUTE
1-6-12,Kuboyoshi,Naniwa-ku,OsakaCity,S56Japan
Januaryl991
TowaIdFundamentaILaw行ⅡBⅢaIⅢ
LibeIPationandHumanRigMsProtection
WewitnessedlastyeartheunificationofGer‐
many,democratizationinEasternEurope,releaseof
NelsonMandela,vicepresidentoftheAfrican
Nationa]Congress,andlegaIizationofANCandother
democraticorganizationsinSouthAfrica,pursuitof
PerestroikaintheSovietUnionandotherdevelop‐
ments・Underlyingthesewemustbeawareofthe
longaspirationsandstrugglesforhumanrightspro‐
tectionthathavecontinuedsincethedaysofthe
FrenchDeclarationofHumanRightsthroughthe
UniversalDeclarationofHumanRights,thelnterna‐
tionalConvenants,HelsinkiAgreementandother
initiatives
TheUnitedNationsdesignatedtheyearl990as
thelnternationalLiteracyYearandcalledforactions
toeradicateilliteracyfromallovertheworldbythe
year2000.InDecembertheUNadoptedaconven‐
tiontoprotecttherightsofforeignworkersandtheir
familymembers
Ontheothersideofthecoin,however,weobserve
deepeningethnicconflictsintheSovietUnion,perse‐
cutionofminoritiesinEasternEuropewheredemoc‐
ratizationisonthemoveandsimilardevelopmentsin
Germany,FranceandtheUS
Ouranalysisofthecomplicatedworldscenepro‐
videsthatdrasticsocialtransformatiolls,whencou‐
pledwithworseningeconomiccircumstancesand
difficultiesinlife,canreinforcediscriminationand
fil1allyleadtoregiona]wars・
II1thecontextofgrowingtensionssurrounding
Japan,particularlythetradedisputesbetweenJapan
andtheUS,statismandnationalismaregrowing・
Weneedtojoinhandswithpeopleinsideandoutside
Japanwhoarestrugglingagainstdiscrimil]ation.
TheimplementationofprojectsundertheLawol1
SpecialFinallceMeasuresfortheArealmprovement
willenteritsfinalyearinAprilWehaveseenson1e
improvementinBurakuconditionsresultingfromthe
executionofBurakuimprovement(Dowa)measures
underaseriesofSpecialMeasuresLawsintbequar‐
tercenturysincetheReportoftheBurakulm‐
provementMeasuresCouncilofl965・Housillgpro‐
jects,constructionofcommunityhalls,wideningof
roadsandothermeasurestargetedatthebetterment
oflMngandenvironmentalconditionshavebeen
executed,roughly70%ofalltheplannedprojects・
TherateofadvancetohighschoolamongBuraku
studentswasonlyaround30percent,abouthalfthe
natiOnalaverage,atthetimeoftheRel)ortofl965・
Financialassistanceincludingscholarshipshasim‐
provedthisfiguretoover80somepercentafterl975・
Theremainninggapisabout6to7percent・
Equalemploymentopportunitiesarevitalforthe
solutionofBurakuissues・Anincreasingnumberof
Bural<upeop1eareemployedascM1servantsinIocal
governments.
~CONTENTS
F'/ノM""c"/(7/L(z〃んγBノィノ城Z(Mwzzノノo〃ロノ/
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Mノノoノ'ノノノCsノノノ川Caの
唖BURAKULlBERATlONNEWS
AI1othernoticeableeffectofthegrowingBuraku
liberatiollmovemel1tistheexpandingcircleofl)eople
committedtoBurakudiscrimil1atiollproblems、For
instal1ce,theCel1tralExecutiveCommitteefortlle
LegislationoftheFundamel]talLawforBuraku
Liberationconsistsofrepresentativesofreligious
organizations,Companies,laborunions,educators,
professors,learnedpeop1eandothersfromwidesocial
l)ackgrounds、
Wemustcallattention,however,tothefactthat
therearesti1Isomanyproblemsyettobetack1edin
ordertobringafundamentalsolutiontoBuraku
lssues
Forinstance,aboutlOOOBurakucommunities
havereceivednoimprovementmeasuresyetwllile
somemeasureshavebeenimplementedintheother
46()3communities・Thisisaseriousproblenl
Moreover,wefindouteveryyearcompaniesthat
wouldllothireindividualsofBurakuorigin、Thisis
aclearviolationoftheprincipleofequalemployment
opportunities・
Astoequaleducationalopportunities,aswetake
noteofdropouts,thegapinhighschoolenrollment
betweenBurakuandl]on-BurakustudentsisoverlO
percent・Theadvanceratetocollegesanduniver‐
sitiesamongBurakustudentsisbelowhalfthe
llationalaverage
Evildiscriminatorygraffitiincidentsarefrequent‐
IyobservedDiscrimil1ationcasesdonotseemtobe
ceasing・Theytal<eplaceonoccasionsofmarriage
al1demp1oymentandinthecommul1ities,workplaces
andschoo1s.
Thisl]ewlawwillplayasignificantroletoallow
Japantojointhegloba1nlovementsagainstdiscrimi‐ natiol1andforhumanrightsprotectionansymbolized bythelnternationalCollvelltionontheE1iminatiol]of
Al1FormsofDiscriminationandRacism.
Themovemellttodemalldfortheretrialofthe
SayamacaseentereditsfifthyearlastAugustWe
aredeterlninedtomal〈etheTokyoHighCourtto
re-examineevidenceandtostarttheretriall)rocess
whilerequestingforthel)aroleofMrlshikawa
becauseheisa1readyqualifiedtogetit・
Sofarretrialshavebroughtverdictsofinnocence
forfourindivisualswhowereoncesentencedtodeath
OnJuly271astyearattheNagoyaHighCourtturned downthedeathsentenceintheYamanal《acaseand
foundthedefendantil]nocent、Intl〕isparticularcase,
too,biasedandl)rejudicedassulnptionsmadel)olice authoritiescoercefaIseconfessionswhichledtoa
deathsentence・
JudicialauthoritiesinJapanhavetomakea
seriousreflectiononthecausesoftheseseriesof
retrialcases、Policeprisonshavebeenusedasproxy
detentionceⅡsandproducedfalseconfessionsunder
coercionbypoliceofficers・Thissystemmustbe
al)al]donedinthelightofprovisionsinthelnterl1a‐
tionalCovenantsonHumanRights・Thejurysystem
needstobeintroducedtoallowtheparticipatiol1of
ordinarypeopleinthecourtprocess・Theseand
otherdrasticmeasuresarewalltedTheretrialfor
theSayamacasewou1dbereaIizedonlyinthecontext
ofoveralldemocratizationofthejudicialpractices.
ThepresidentoftheBurakuLiberationLeague,
Mr・Uesugisummarizesthepastmovementsand
arguesthatthestrugglesarenowenteringthetbird
phasewhenhesays,“Imaycharacterizethethirty‐
threeyearsfromthefoundingoftheLevelers'Associ‐
atiolltol955,theyeartheAssociationwasrenan]edas
BurakuLiberationLeague,asthedenunciatio町
orielltederaln1aycal]thefo11owingthirty-three
yearsunti]theenactmentoftheS1)ecialFinaI1ceLaw
astheadministrativestruggle-orietnedera、The
thirdphaseoftheliberatiol11]〕ovementisthecraof
joil]tstrugglesbothdomesticallvandinterl1atiol]ally
developinginl)arallelwiththehistoricalal〕dglobal
trel]dsforallti-discrimil1ation,!)eace,il〕ternatiol]alism
anddemocracy.',Tocarryoutthesedifficultmis‐
si()I]sweneedtoequipourselveswithasolidlibera‐
tiontheory.
Areweabletoexpectthatthesetasksthat
remainwil]becompletedwithinoneyearbeforethe
Lawexpires?
Thecurrentlawprovidesl1omeasuresforthe
lO()()orsocommunitieswherel〕oprojectshavebeen
executed
AIso,thosemeasuresthatarebelievedtohave
importantbearillgontheattainmentofequa1educa‐
tiol]alandeml)1oymentoppOrtunitiesforBurakupeo-
plehavebeencontracted、Symbolicallygral]tschol‐
arshipswerechangedtoloanscholarshipswhenthe
Sl)ecialFinanceLawwasenacted・
Thishardrea1ityofBurakuunderthepresel1tlaw
callsforwideinitiativestoimprovelivin9,el]vir‐ omel]ta1,work-I-elatedandeducatioI1alconditionsalld
toeducatepeopleawayfromprejudicel)yel]actil1gtIle FundamentalLawforBurakuLiberatiol】.
2
錘BURAKUUBERATlONNEWS
activediscussionsfortheirrights
TheBurakuLiberationResearchlnstitutecele.
bratesits23rdanniversarythisyear、Westrongly
wishtoreceivemuchsupportofourmembersand
otherfriendsfromallovertheworldaswestriveto
Thenextyear,1992,willmarkthe70thanniver‐
saryoftheNationalLevelers'Associationandweare
encouragingactivedebatesandexchangesforthe
colnpleteliberationofBurakumin.Theyearl992
willbealsothe500thanniversaryofthe`discovery'of
AmericabyColumbuswhenindigenouspopulations
al]overtheworldandminoritieswillbeengagedin
meetthesechallenges
HumanRigMsWeekGatheringsUIged
Japan,sEariestRati汗icationo行Convention
行orEIiminationo行RaciaIDiscriminations
GatheringswereheldinTokyo,Hiroshimaand
Osaka,on3rd,7thandlOthofDecember,respectively,
tocommemoratethe42ndAnniversaryoftheUniver‐
salDeclarationofHumanRights・Keynotespeakers
inthesegatheringswereDr・NatanLerner,professor
onlnternationalLawattheUniversityofTelAvivin
lsrael,andDrKarlJosefPartsch,ProfessorEmeritus
ollInternationaILawofBonnUniversityinGermany・
DrPartschservedasamemberoftheCommitteeon
theEliminationOfRacialDiscriminationoftheUnited
Nationsfroml970tol989
Dr、LernerpaidatributetothePeaceMemomial
ParkinHimoshimaon6,December・Onthenextday
hevisitedaBurakuareainHiroshimacity,wherehe
exploredanactualitiesofBurakuminhousingand
slaughterhouseoperationandwasgivenvaluable
informationonthesematters・Ontheeveningofthe
sameday,Dr・Lernergaveaspeechatthegathering
heldatHiroshimalnternationalConferenceHall
TatsukuniKomori,SecretaryGeneraloftheCentral
ExecutiveCommitteefortheUniversalDeclarationof
HumanRights,wasalsopresentatthegathering・
OnDecemberlO,DrLernerspokeinagathring
heldatNakanoshimaPublicHallinOsakaandvi・
ewedontheglobaltendenciesofhumanrightssitua‐
tionamlpointedupconffontingissuesonthemtoday. ,Dr,KarlPartschspokeatthegatheringsheldin
Kashiwaracity,NaraPrefectureandIkedacityin
OsakaPrefectureon5thandlOthofDecember・On
lOthofDecember,ProfessorKinhideMushakoji,
SecretaryGenera1oflMADRwasinvitedtogivea
speciallectureonhumanrightsissuesatKinkiUniver‐
sity.
Somefifteenhundredspeopleparticipatedon
bothgatheringsinHiroshimaandOsaka,andaSouth
Africanfilm“Mapantura',wasshown6rttheOsaka
gathering.
DrLerner'sspeechinOsakaandDrPartsch's
speechinTokyomaybesummarizedasfollows:
ProfessorLernerstartedbypointingoutthat
despitethenewliberalclimateinEasternEuropean
states,suchclimatealsoopenedthedoortoallkindof
regressiveandracisttrendsOntheotherhand,the
ConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofRacial
Discrimination,almostaquarterofacenturyafterits
adoptioninl965,hasbeenratifiedbyasmanyasl28
countriesandnowshowsabroadandnearlyuniversal
characterinitscontentsandobjectives・Ratification
andimplementationoftheConventionrequiresincor.
3
⑲BURAKUUBERAT10NNEWS
Dr、Lernerclosedhisspeechemphasizingthat
nowtheworldinundergoinggreatrevolutinary
chal]geswheretheColdWarwithitsmajorconflicts
intheworldisactuallyending,andhopingforaworld
offorma]andrealequalityputtinganendtostill
existingotherconflicts.
I〕orati()l1sofitsprovisionsil]totheinternallegislation
accordingtoeachratifyingcountry'scollstitution,alld
inmal〕ycoul1tries,thisiscontributingtotheelimina・
tiol1ofthesocialevilofdiscrimination・
AstheConventionisbroad1yconceivedand
w()rded,itcoversandseemstobeapplicab]etosuch
discriminationofmarginalcaseswherenodoubt
existsdiscrimination・InJapan,suchdiscriminations
againstBurakumi、,Ainu,KoreanresidentsandFor‐
eignorMigrantWorkerswouldbetheobjectsofthe
Convention・
AsfortheArticle4whichprohibitsincitementof
discrimination,althoughfreedomofspeechshouldbe
defendedverycarefuI1y,therearealsoothersocial
valuesthatcannotbeblind1ysubordinatedtofreedom
ofspeechTherefore,themoderninternationalhuman
rightslawviewsthatfreedomofspeechandassocia‐
tionaresubjecttocertainrestrictionsnecessaryand
cannotbeutilizedtojustifythediscriminatoryacts
andexpressions・Examplesofanumberofcountries
alreadyratifiedtheConventionandnotcontradicting
thesetwoprinciples,withtheviewasmentioned
above,shou]dbeveryusefuL
OnthematterofimplementationoftheConven‐
tion,thereportingsystemisworkingeffectivelybut
the・processisveryslowinacceptanceofoptional
Articlel4onindMdualpetitionsthatonlyfewcoun‐
trieshaveacceptedthisarticle・
A1soregrettedisthattheCommitteeontheElimi‐
natiollofRacialDiscriminatiol1ismeetinglessfre‐
quentlybecauseoffinancialreasons,andovercoming
ofsuchdifficultieswiththesupportofStatepartiesis
lleededtoeiIsuretheregularandnormalfunctioning
oftheCERD、
Acomprehensiveandinterdisciplinaryprogram
tofightracismandralatedscourges,withthefollow‐
ingmainingredientsisnecessary;1.Lawdeclaring
clealyandunequivocallythattheevilofdiscsimina‐
tioniswrongandprohibited;2.Educationtobe
employedinanoveralleffortagainstsuchevilin
schools,academicinstitutionsandpowerfulcommuni‐
catiol1smediai3、Democracyasabasicconditionfor
thestruggleagainstracismwithacarefu]avoidance
ofdangersofabusing・thenewclimateoffreedomin
thetransitionfromdictatorship;4SocialHarmony
withthecoherentandconstructivebalancebetween
therightsandduties;5.AffirmativeActionprograms
bythesocietyandtheState,topositivelycorrect
prejudicesandunfairtreatmentwheretheyexist;and
fina1ly,6.Recognitionoflnteractionsbetweenracial
ori11ter-grouppeaceandinternationa]peace.
DrKarlJosefPartsch,inhisspeechgivenatthe
gatheringinTokyoon3December,concentratinghis
subjecttotheConventionontheEliminationofAll
FormsofRacialDiscrimination,saidtheConvention
isonlydedicatedtooneoffourcriteriabannedinthe
UnitedNationsCharter-race,sexlanguageand
religion-namely“race''・TheArticleloftheConven‐
tiondefines“racial''withbasisonrace,color,descent
andnationalorethnicorigin,anddefineStheconcept
ofdiscrimination“asanydistinction,exclusion,
restrictionorpreferencebasedon'’such“racial''e1e・
ments“whichhasthepurposeoreffectofnullifyingor
impairingtherecognition,enjoymentorexercise,on
anequalfooting,ofhumanrightsandfundamental
freedomsinthepolitical,economic,social,culturalor
anyotherfieldsofpubliclife.”
Theactionoromissionofdiscriminationmustnot
necessarilycomeoutofState、Itmayalsobecom‐
mittedbyasocialgrouporbya、individual,whichthe
Stateisobligedtoprevent・Secondly,theactionof
discriminationisnotalwaysnlotivatedexclusivelyby
seeminglyracialreasons;Theymaybecombined
evenwithsuchlegitimatecausesaspatrioticfeelings・
Thirdly,“humanrightsandfundamenta1freedoms',
arenotdefinedbyareferencetoolleandonlyillterna‐ tiol1alinstrumentsuchastheUniversalDeclaration
butwithallotherinstrumentsbytheUN,theUN
specialagenciesandregionalconferencesorevenbya
Constitutio町Iawsorcustomarylawofonecou'1try.
4
職 BURAKULlBERATIONNEWS
TheConventiollimposesStatesParties,am()llg
others,anobligationtodesignpreventivemeasures
againstracia1conflicts,thatthedissemination,aswell
asspol1soringofsuchact,ofsuchideaasadvocating
thesuperiorityofoneraceoverothersisnotonly
condemnedbuthastobepenalized,thoughwithdue
regardtofreedomofexpression・
Totakepromptandeffectivemeasurestocombat
prejudiceswhichIeadtoracia1discriminationis
important、Forexamp1e,acarefulrevisionofschool
booksbyeliminatingexcessivepraisesofpatriotic
eventswithdangerousovertonesofdespiseordisdain
forformerenemies、
AIsoimportantistheroleofmonitoringthe
ilnplementationbyStatePartiesofConvention,the
CommitteeontheE1iminationofRacialDiscrimina‐
tion,comprisedofl8expertmemberswithindMdual
statuselectedbytheStatePartiesamongtheir
natiol]als,isprovided・ThefunctionsoftheCommit‐
teearetheexaminatiollofperiodicrepol-tfrolnState
Parties,theconsiderationofcommunicationsfrom
individualsandofinterstatecommunications・The
reportingsystem,however,ismostsignificant・
A1thoughStatePartiesmadetheirfirstreportswithil1
ayearaftertheConventioncameinforce,someoftl]e
reportssubmittedwerequitesimplethattheGuide‐
Iinesweresetforthestyleofreports・Withthe
reportsystemandachangeinpoIitica1climate
broughtaboutdecreaseofdiscriminationillEuropean
countrieswithcertainexceptions、Theintroduction
ofdemocraticprinciplesinsomeareasmadetherele‐
vantproblemsmoreeasilyapparent
Concludinghisspeech,Dr・Partschsaidthatthere
1isnodoubtthatstillmuchhastobedone,eventhough
achangeingeneralpoliticalclimateisthekeyforthe
improvementforhumallrightssituatio、.
TheIndustriaIFederation庁Cl′HumanRigMs,
TokyoVisitedan‘`Unauthorized,’Buraku
CommunityinKiIyuCity
Kiryubranch,inthemorningtheysawnarrowroads,
poorhousingincrowdedareasandpost-humous
BuddistnamesellgravedontombsinaBuraku
cemetery,ap1acea1waysfloodedbyrain・
Intheafternoon,theyweretoldaboutother
Burakucommunitiesinthecity(morethanlOOOfam‐
ilieslivingin9places)whichhavenotbeenautho‐
rizedlnthesecommunitiestherearemanymother‐
child(father1ess)families,manypeoplelivingonwel‐
fareandahighpercentageofhighschooldropouts・
Inaddition,thereareoftendiscriminatoryremarks
and,ifdiscriminatorygraffitiarefoundinschooLthe matterisnotconsideredFuthermore,sincethe
administrationofKiryuCityhasreportedthatthere
arenoBurakucommunitiesinthecity,theyare
dellouncedseverely.
OnOctober8,1990,thelndustrialFederationfor
HumanRights,Tokyovisitedan“unauthorized”
BurakucommunityinKiryu-city,Gunmaprefecturein
ordertolearnabouttheactualsituationThe30
participantsalsoincludedMrRyozoAida,president ofthefederationandamanagingdirectorofNibon
KogyoBankTheyarealsomembersoftheCentral CommitteeofFundamentalLawforBurakuLibera‐
tionandtheirorganizationisalsoactingasvice‐
presidentofthecommittee・
Afteraninspectiontheydeepenedtheiraware‐
nessoftheconditionsofdiscriminationandfeltthe
urgel1tllecessityfortheadministrationandthenation totheresponsibilitvoflegislatinglaws、LedbyBLL
(BurakuLiberationLeague)membersfromthehead
quartersoftheGunmaprefecturalassociationandthe
5
駐BURAKULlBERATlONNEWS
FestivaIo行Struggle
GthNationaIBuraIⅢLiberationCuItⅢaI
FestivaIStaged
cal1I1otreadandwritecharactersbutaproblel]]of
peol)Iewhol〈nowletters、Thiswasasharpcriticism
oftheculture,basedonletters,whichhasarrogantly ol)pressedpeol)Ie・Thecol1tentsofthedramainclud‐
edsuchseveresubjectsthatintheformofthenext
worldtheywereexpressedwithhumour、Everybodyel1joyedthel]ighqualityofthesubjectmatter・The
playersrangedfromchi1drentotheagedandthey wereateaseintheirl)erformance
OnNovemberl5andl6,1990,the6thNationa]
BurakuLiberationCulturalFestivalwasheldin
Osaka・Thisfestivalwasplalmedinordertocreate
acultura]movementagainstdiscrimination,making
useofthetraditionwhichhassurvivedunderdiscrimi‐
nation・Emphasiswasplacedonthe“Creationof
culturalactivitiesilleachBurakuarea,,
Thelstday
TheJapanesedrumwasp1ayedonthestagel)ya
groupca1led“IKARI(Anger).'’Theycomefromtlle
NaniwaareaofOsaka・Theyoungmembersofthe
grouphavebeenl)reparingthemselvesfor3years
Theyintendtobecomedrummersforanewcultural
creationintheirdrum-makingtown・Theyplayed2
piecesofmusic,“IKARI(Anger)”and“AKEBONO
(Daybreak).,,Powerfu1andrapidsoundsmadea
strongimpressiononaudience、
Mr・SusunluKitagawafromtheKobayashiarea
ofNaraprefecturep1ayedtl1eguiterandperformed
lullabies,worksongstosingwhilemakingJapallese
l)aper、etc、andhisownoriginalsong、Heillherited
thesesongsfromtheBurakucommunityillNara
prefectureandhasbeensingingfortenyears.
Awomen'sgroupfromBurakuLiberationCen‐
tralheadquartersinOsakarecitedofpoemsandother
literacyworksproducedbytheliteracymovementin
variouspartsoftheBurakucommunity、Therecita‐
tions,basedondailylifeandthestruggleagainst
discriminatioll,movedtheaudiencedeeply、
MembersoftheSumiyoshiareaofOsakaenacted
adramaonthestageunderthethemeoftheliteracy
n1ovement・Thetitlewas“Apieceofpaperanda
pencil'’1twashumorousandfiledwithpathos・The
difficultiesandsufferingsofthepeoplewhocal】not
readandwriteletterswasdescribedinIaughter
throughthehumanpowerofIiving・Watcbil1gthe
dramalaughing,theaudiencewasab1etoobserve
somethingthatpeoplearenotusuallyawareofil1
theirdailylives・Theaudiencerepeated1yheardthe
sayil]gthatliteracyisnotaproblemofpeCl〕lewllo
FromtheSadolslandsofNiigataprefectureMr・
Isakaintroduced“HARUKOMA.',Thisisakindof
streetmusicial1s’1)laysunganddancedfromdoorto
dooratNewYear・InSadolslandsitwasasymbol
oftheNewYear、HARUKOMAplayersgreetedthe
l1ewyearandusedtoprayf()rtheprosperityofpeople,
agriculture,fishery,commercialbusiness,etc、Atthe
sametime,theytool〈awaythepreviousyearsuI〕happi‐
llessalldsorrow、Therefore,theyvverewelcometo
c()meonNearYear,butexceptforthisperiod,these
l)eol)lewerel]()twelcomedlnot1]erwords,HARU‐
6
⑪BURAKULlBERATlONNEWS
il]troducedamusicalplaywithheryoungrelative,Mr・
MasaruTanigami、Theplaywasbegunwithsayillg,"Daddy,Ian1tiredLet'sgobomeHowever,ifI
dancehere,cal1Igetmolley?”“sure,sure1,'.
KOMAplayerswerewelcomedbyeverybodyal]。,at
thesan1etime、l)eopledidnotwe1comesuchpeople
whotool(awayunhal)pinessandsorrowwouldreturn
tothesalneplace・Forthatreasontheyweredi‐
scriminatedagail1stWearesurethatsuclIpeople
arethelnostrespectfulpeol〕Ie・Theycarriedall
unhappinessal】dmisfortureontheirshoIdersal]。,at
thesametilne,theyl)I-ayedforpeople,sprosperityand
happiness・
InthellinodeBurakucommunityofOsakathere
weremanystrollingplayers'groups・Someofthem
wereproffessiollalgroul)swhoplayedaroundJapal1・
Someofthemplayedatnight・Aftertheyfinished
theirdailyjobs,suchaspedalingorworkinsmal1
factories,theywalkedthroughthestreetsplayiI]g
SHAMISENorSHAKUHACHI(Japallesemusical
instruments).
Mrs・YoshikoYamallaka(76yearsold)wasone
o(them・ShegrewupintheHinodeBurakuofOsaka
andwhenshewasinthe2ndyearofl)rilnaryschool,
shewasapprenticedtoacomicdialogistandshehad
astagename、Sheintroduced‘`Zenidaiko'',oneof
theartswhichshehadlearnedinthosedays、AC‐
companiedbyaJapanesefolksongcalled‘`Yasugi
bushi'',shedancedusing2redandwhitecolored
The2ndday
DMdedintogroups,variousreportswerema(le
andvariousopinionswereexchangedTherewere
discussionsaboutperformancesofthepreviousday・Theprofessionalactor,Mr・KazuhisaNakanishiwho
isactinginamonologueplay,joinedthemeetingal]d
gavehiscommel]tsaboutdrasticexpression・Old
taIesinheritedinBurakucommunitieswererel)orted
onbymembersofHiroshima,Osal《aandHyogo
prefectures・Theyresolvedtocontinuecollectil]g
ljleirfolktales、Therewasalsoameetingforleaders
involving]iteracyschools・Reportsfromvariouslit‐
eracyclassesandtheproblemsfacingthemwere
discussed、Poems,compositions,etcwrittenincon邪
petitionfortheBurakuLiberationPrizewererea(I
aloudoneafteranotherbythewritersthemselves、
Theytalkedabouttheirmotivesforwritingalldtheir
hardexperiencesinwriting、Anotheroftheeventsin
thisfestival,adrawingandsharingmeeting,washeld
undertheguidanceofMr・SeitaroKuroda,aprofes‐
siona]painterattheOsakal-IumanRightsMuseum、Mr、Kurodasaidthatscl]oolteachersshouldl1otevalu、
atestudents,paintingswithmarks、Itisiml)ortan(
thatstudentsshouldjustenjoyseeil〕gpicturesand
drawingandthesameforlisteningtomusicMr・
DennisJBanksofindigenouspeop1einAmerica,also
joinedthemeeting・Hesang“SongoftheCoyote”,
beatingadrum、Listeningtothemusicallparticl
pantsdrewwithpastelcrayonwhatevercrossedthier
mindsandthentheydiscussedtheirworks
THELITERACYWORKANDDlSCRlMlNATION
lNJAPAN
CONTENTS
●Partl:LiteracyMovementinJal)all
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cylil1dricalpoIesheldrhythmicallyil〕herhands・It
seemedtobeeasytohandle2polesbutinfact,itwas
anartforoll1ythepeol)Iewhoearnedmoneybydoil1g it
Asal〕exampleofpol)ulararts,therewel-egroupscalled“HOKAIYA.”Mrs・UmekoTal〕igamioftheHil〕odeBurakujoil〕editineraI1tperformerswhensl]e
was7yearsol〔]al1dshehadsungvariousparts、She
7
⑰BURAKUUBERATlONNEWS
BLRISentaDeIegationtoPRCandExchanged
OpinionswithMinomyRaces
Forlldays(Octoberl5to25,1990)5delegates
fromtheBurakuLiberationResearchlnstitutevisited
thePRC(People'sRepublicofChina)inorderto
exchangeopinionsaboutminoritymattersinChina
ThisvisitwastheresultofaninvitationofthePRC
StateNatiolla]WorkCommittee,whohadsentdele‐
gationconsiststingofminoritiestoJapaninJuneat
BLRI,sinvitation、ThisdelegationwasledbyMr・
FANGHECHUN,vicedirectorofthePRCState
NationalWol-kCommittee,DepartmentofPolitics
andLaw・
TheStateNationalWorkCommitteebelongsto
theStateCouncilandisanagentofthecentralgov‐
ernment・Theymanagemattersofminorityraces・
ThepersoninchargewasMr、IsmailAhmadal1dhe
wasfromtheHUISrace・Hewasvicechairmanof
theNationalCommitteeoftheChinesePeople'sPoliti-
calConsultativeConferenceanda1soaministerofthe
StateNationalitiesAffairsCommission・
Thefo1lowingisasummaryreportaboutactual
coditiol]sofminoritiesillChina:
regardingthe・developmentofminorityautonomy
towardtheyear2000,includingeconomic,culturaland
theoretica1policy、ThisworkhasbeendonebyllO
membersoftheMinorityAffairsResearchCenter
estal)lishdeinl988bytheabovecommittee、This
reportistobesubmittedtotheStateCouncilbefore
theendofl990
Accodingtothelawconcerningminorities,the
areawhereacertainnumberofaminorityracelive
constantlyisgrantedautonomy・Onefourthofthe
minorityraceslivescatteredauoverChineseterritory
andmorethan2minorityraceslivetogetherin97%of
themunicipalities・Eve、ifsuchminoritiesdonotuse
theirownlanguages,consciousnessoftheiridentityin
strongandtheyaresensitiveaboutracialdiscrimina‐
tion、Therefore,theproblemofminorities]ivingin
autonomousareasisreallytheproblemofminorities
livingi、variouspartsofChineseterritory.
WehaddiscussionswithMr、IsmailAhmad,min‐
isteroftheStateNationa1itiesAffairsCommissionat
theNationalPalaceinBeijingThefollowingpoints
werecovered:
Byitsopen-doorpo1icyforreformation,China
hasdevelopedinthepastlOyearsapolicyexceeding
thepast30years・Inagricultureamass-contracted
systemandrura1managingenterpriseshavebeen
introducedand,astheresult,farmershavebecome
richandconsumergoodshaveincreasedAsacon‐
tinuousopen-doorpolicy,themodernizationofindus‐
try,roadnetworks,andthedevelopmentofenergy
shouldbepIannedlncontrast,inflation,earning
differentiaIs,trafficproblemsandenvironmentalpol
lution,etc・havealsooccurred
Developingbusinessinminorityareasisstilllag‐
ging、Theseareashavecover61%ofthetotal
Chineseterritory,theyhaverichllaturalresourcesand
areatreasurehouseofcultureandaregreatforsight‐
seeing,TheStateCouncilwantstodeveloplarge
businessexchangesbetweenChil1aandJapall
Bothparties(BLRIandStateCouncil)have
promisedthattheywillnlakethismutua]visitafirst
steptopromoteexchangesbetweenotherhuman
rightsorganizations,includingmeetingsregarding
culturalandeconomicalmatters.
LeshanMunicipality,SichuanProvince、
AccordingtoMr、CHAN,MayorofLeshan,ul1til
l949therewass1averyamongtheYISandwhenthe
governmel]tofthePeople,sRepublicofChinawas
established,thesystemwasabolishedinl950、With
theadvanceofsocialism,roadswerebuiltinl953and
il1l957electriclightwassuppliedlnthisautol1omy,
andLeshanmunicipalityisadvancedwithregardto
racialunity・
Asconcernseducation,thepercentageofiⅡiter‐
atesis2()%andeffortsarebeingmadetosolvethe
probleminliteracyclasses・AttendanceateIemen‐
taryschoolis85%andthepresenttasl〈istomakeall
childrenenterschooLInl985asl)ecialjuniorhigh‐
schoo]fortheYISwasestablishedandeducationin
theirownlanguagehasbegUn.Therearestilll)rob‐
lemstosolveregardingthemiddleschoolinthe
future、TheYISpeoplewanttoil1troducetheirtradi‐
tionalarts,whichisnotweⅡknowninJapantothe
Japanese、TheyhopethattheirtraditiolIalsinging
anddal1cingteanlwiⅢ〕einvitedbyJapanandso
madethisrequesttous.
Thecommittee,smainprojectiston1akearel)ort