Ijma and qias
Ijma and qiyasIslamic revealed knowledge (rka0433)Sources of
Islamic LawIjma (consensus of opinions)Ijma does not directly
partake in the divine revelation unlike the Quran and the
Sunnah.
Ijma is a rational and binding proof.
Meaning of ijma From the Arabic word, ajmaa ()By al-Amidi
(d.615AH/1218CE)Basis of ijmaIt should be noted that they have on
the whole maintained the view that the textual evidence in support
of ijma does not amount to a conclusive and decisive proof but it
is rather an indication of the utilization of ijma. My community
shall never agree on an error
-narrated by IBN MAJAH-Ijma is a form of agreement and this
Hadith assures that it is impossible for Muslims to agree on
something which is wrong or something which could lead Muslims
astray. In conclusion, the consensus of all the mujtahidun (those
who are qualified to exercise ijma) on a particular ruling is a
sure indication that the word of truth has prevailed over their
differences.
This rational argument in support of ijma has been further
advanced to the effect that consensus upon a ruling in Islamic law
is bounded to be founded on sound ijtihad (reasoning).
Since ijtihad is founded on sound authority in the first place,
the unanimous agreement of all the scholars on a particular ruling
indicates that there is clear authority in Islam to sustain their
consensus.
Ijma in other word accounts for its own authority.Requirements
of ijmaIjma khulafa rasyidinIJMA ULAMAIJMA AHL MADINAHIjma ahlul
baitGROUP OF IJMATypes of ijmaThe Possibility of exercising
ijmaDuring the period of the Rightly Guided Khulafa, most of the
scholars of the companions were residing in Madinah.
Therefore, making it easy for them to meet and discuss any
issues that may arise within the Muslim community.
Ijma can only occur after the demise of Prophet (s.a.w) because
he is the highest authority of Islamic Law at that time.
After the period of companion, the tendency to uphold ijma had
gradually weakened and according to some scholars ijma, its exact
meaning was not exercised after the Rightly Guided Caliph
period.
As for the move to revive and reform ijma, the different
platform such as Majma Al-fiqhi Al-alami exist at present and the
different council of fatwa should study the possibility to
introduce an authoritative body to represent the Muslim ummah.
Thus, have the authority to issue legal fatwa which can be
considered as binding upon the Muslim ummah.
Example of Ijma1- The compilation of al-quran into a
mushafal-quran that have been compile and use by us nowadays is the
result of ijma.
Meaning: Indeed, it is We who sent down the Qur'an and indeed,
We will be its guardian.
2- The Commandment of choosing the caliphs within 3 daysSome of
the companion manage the death of the Prophet and the others manage
the choosing of Caliphs at Saqifah Bani Saidah until Saidina Abu
Bakar was appointed as khalifah after Prophet demise.
The Reason why Ijma of companion can be accepted as the source
of Islamic Law1-Allah gives His praises to the companion in
Al-quran (surah Al-Taubah verses 100) which its meaning is
definitive.
2-The companion is the people who collect,memorize and deliver
the content of Al-quran and Al-sunnah for the next generation.
3-They live in the time of Rasulullah
4-It is impossible for them to agree on astray matter
