Materials: Science video # 34

Experiment: Volcano's Deadly Warning(E. Science 9-12-3b )

Purpose: To observe the research being done ontrying to predict volcanoes.

Name: _Sec.

IJ Methods a~d Res~lts: Answer the questions asifI they occur In the Video... (Skip intro and advertisements of video)

1. How many years has the volcano near MexicoCity been dormant?

"Oh, the whole flower bed is still in shock. He was 2. Why may this volcano be the most deadly?such a quiet butterfly-kept to himself mostly."

3. What is the "double edged sword" scientistface as they try to decide if the city should be evacuated or not?

4. What is the ultimate quest of volcanologist as stated by Bernard Chouet?

5, What started to happen to the volcano (called Nevado del Ruiz) in the winter of1984 near Armero, Columbia high in the Colombian Andes?

6. What did Marta Calvache notice, in the historical records of the town, concerningNevado del Ruiz?

7. What two things did the town authorities of Armero demand before they would startan evacuation of the town? 1.

2.

8. What happened on November 13, 1985?

9. How many people died from this disaster?10. Scientists were tormented that they knew this volcano would erupt and they couldprevent massive loss of life, but they did not know when it would occur. What was thescientists resolve because of this disaster?

11. What happens to the seismic activity level just prior to a volcanic eruption?12. What does the "A" type of wave indicate?

13. Did the seismic data of Ruiz, in Columbia, support the "A" wave being a predictionof volcanic activity?

14. What was hidden among the "A" types that caught the eye of Bernard Chouet?

Sec. Name: _

15. Chouet discovered the event wave of volcanic activity.16. Sound is air put into motion due to a sudden pressure. Air pumped into an organpipe produces a sound wave?17. As magma & gas is forced into the cracks of earth crust what does it produce?

18. What message does the long period events of volcanoes indicate?

19. In Dec. 1989 the activity of Alaska's Redoubt volcano increased. What did the4000 long period events in one day suggest to Bernard Chouet?

20. Soon after the first eruption Chouet told Tom Miller that he predicted the Redoubtvolcano would erupt within hours.21. What happened at 5:30 pm, just an hour and a half after the evacuation wascompleted?22. What is another approach that Stanley Williams used to try to predict eruptions?

23. What is a fumerol of a volcano?

24. Which approach was used, deep in Southern Columbia, to show how close themagma was to the surface to possibly predict a volcano?

25. What did they discover that was even more alarming than increased amounts ofgas? This is also the first stage in the build up of an eruption.26. What did Bernard Chouet use to indicate that the dome had sealed?

27. What did the long period events, happening once and sometimes twice a day,indicate?

28. Six months after the initial eruption, what did Williams decide to do because of thelow gas emissions?

29. When scientists noticed the increase in long period events some suggest theyshould not go on the field trip. Did they go anyway?30. When they were there what did the 12 scientists examine?

30. What suddenly happened when the scientists were studying the volcano?

31. How many people died that day that could have been spared had they interpretedthe volcano's signs differently?32. What where the clearest signs of danger, that where disregarded by thescientists?

33. Bernard Chouet's prediction methods are now being adopt around the world.What was the most critical test of Chouet's ideas that occurred in the year 2 OOO?

34. What happened a day after everyone was evacuated?