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J. Cofala

Methodology for estimating the control potential and costs for PM emissions in

Europe

• Costing method, cost components, parameters• Types of data and data sources• Cost curves• Conclusions and further needs

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Costing methodology (1)

• Annual cost method, 4 % real interest rate, constant prices of 1990

• Cost components: – investment, – fixed O+M, – variable O+M costs

• Annual costs calculated per unit of:– Activity level (e.g., EURO/GJ fuel)– Pollutant removed (EURO/kg PM)

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Costing methodology (2)

Two types of data:• Common – the same for all countries (e.g.,

capital investment, fixed O+M costs, demand for labor and electricity)

• Country – specific (labor and electricity prices, waste disposal costs, capacity utilization, capacity stock, applicability)

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Data sources

• Reports of the UN/ECE Task Force on Emission Control Technologies

• Reports on BAT for DG ENV in connection with revision of the LCPD

• BAT REF documents of the European IPPC Bureau

• Reports and databases of other organizations (e.g., CONCAWE, IEA Coal Research)

• Auto Oil costing studies• National sources on country – specific

parameters

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Emission abatement cost curves

• Rank available options according to marginal abatement cost

• Begin with ‘Current legislation’ emissions and costs• Only measures on top of ‘Current legislation’ will be

included• Country-specific applicabilities• Include information on capacity vintages (pre-2000,

post-2000)• Retrofits of existing plants possible under certain

conditions• No retrofits of mobile sources

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PM 2.5 cost curve - unabated

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800

Remaining emissions, ktons PM 2.5

To

tal

cost

, 10

^6

EU

RO

/yea

r

1.E-01

1.E+00

1.E+01

1.E+02

1.E+03

1.E+04

1.E+05

1.E+06

Mar

gin

al c

ost

, E

UR

O/t

PM

2.5

Total cost Marginal cost

Transport

Domestic wood

Power Plants, Ind. Combustion, Processes (Cyclones, Bag filters, ESP1, ESP2, ESP Plus)

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PM 2.5 cost curve – on top of CLE

400

600

800

1000

1200

200 205 210 215 220 225 230

Remaining emissions, ktons PM 2.5

To

tal c

ost

, 10^

6 E

UR

O/y

ear

1.E+01

1.E+02

1.E+03

1.E+04

1.E+05

1.E+06

Mar

gin

al c

ost

, EU

RO

/t P

M 2

.5

Total cost Marginal cost

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Conclusions

• Costing methodology and first version of national PM cost curves available

• Costs of current legislation on PM emissions in Europe increase from 9 Billion Euro/year in 1990 to more than 50 Billion Euro/year in 2010 (CLE reduces 80 – 95 % of unabated emissions also in 1990)

• Input data for costs calculations need review• Open questions (further work needed):

– Rules for upgrading controls on existing sources – Rules for inclusion of multi-pollutant technologies (e.g.,

in transport) in integrated assessment to avoid double counting