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O Op pe en n O Oc ce ea an n 7 7
Concepts What are the current anthropogenic impacts to our open ocean? How do these impacts affect the animals living in the ocean and people who depend on the ocean?
Standards Addressed HCPS 5.1, 5.2, & 5.3
Duration Prep: 45 min Activity: 2 periods (45 minutes each)
Source Material PRISM & EPA
Vocabulary Pollution Marine Debris Sustainable Habitat Anthropogenic
I Im mp pa ac ct ts s t to o t th he e O Op pe en n O Oc ce ea an n Summary: Students learn about some of the major anthropogenic (human created) issues that the open ocean ecosystem faces today. These issues directly affect Hawaii’s ocean flora and fauna and the people that depend on the ocean. Students learn how noise pollution and marine debris are two ocean killers. Students then hypothesize how different kinds of marine debris will interact with different kinds of marine creatures and graph the results.
Objectives: 1. Describe some of the major impacts in the open ocean. 2. Explore how these impacts influence the people, plants, and
animals of Hawaii and the greater Pacific Ocean. 3. Hypothesize and graph how different kinds of marine debris
affect our marine creatures.
Materials: Impact presentation Marine Debris Worksheet Examples of Marine Debris Crayons or colored pencils (string, plastic bits, cans, plastic bag) Materials for student’s poster presentation. Fishery Solutions Document (this is in the final project folder)
Making Connections: This session expands the theme of how fisheries impact our ocean to include several more general human induced impacts. The session also continues our thoughts of how do we effectively study the ocean, which is the title for the next lesson.
Background: This lesson shows how marine debris and noise pollution are two of the most common ways that people are affecting the open ocean. In every body of water in the world you will find manmade noise and manmade trash. Noise pollution affects many animals and may be the cause of death for hundreds of marine mammals every year.
Marine debris injures and kills marine life, interferes with navigation safety, has adverse economic impacts to shipping and coastal industries, and poses a threat to human health. Our oceans and waterways are constantly polluted with a wide variety of marine debris ranging from soda cans and plastic bags to derelict fishing gear and abandoned vessels. In fact, marine debris is thought to kill more sealife every year than any other form of pollution.
Hawaii is particularly susceptible to marine debris because the island chain is so long and it sits in the middle of the Pacific Gyre (the major current system in the pacific). The middle of the gyre is where most trash accumulates as it eventually drifts out of the current
system. Hawaii’s birds, fish, mammals, and reptiles pay the price for Hawaii’s geographical position. A recent study showed that 40% of almost 500,000 albatross chicks on Midway atoll die every year from ingesting plastic from the ocean!
Preparation: 1 st Period.
1. Print a Marine Debris worksheet for each student. 2. Test the powerpoint on your computer and classroom setup. If you do not have power
point in your classroom you may print out the slides and post them on the blackboard so the class can follow along or print them as handouts for groups of students (recommended).
3. Review some information on manmade impacts if you need to brush up on your background information. There are several terrific links at the bottom of this lesson.
2 nd Period. 1. Review the fishery information cards 2. Provide supplies that the students may need for their posters (poster board, etc.)
Procedure: 1 st Period. Review HW from lesson #5 (10min)
Present the Noise Pollution and Marine Debris powerpoint. (20 min)
Work with the students on the Marine Debris worksheet! The worksheet is self explanatory. Students may need assistance with creating and interpreting the graphs on the worksheet. (20 min)
2 nd Period. Discuss PP. Ask the students how they felt about seeing the impacts that people are having on the environment and if they will pick up their trash from now on? (10min)
The rest of this lesson is devoted to working on the poster presentations. Students should have identified the main problem with their fishery at this point and be working on a potential solution to that problem. The fishery solutions document may help stimulate some ideas about potential solutions and their pros and cons (40min). If the students are working well on their solutions you may not want to give them the fishery solutions document as it may stifle their creativity. It is a good scaffolding document, however. Some students may want to stop fishing entirely, however ask the students to talk to the people in their family who are fishermen or depend on the ocean to see how their solution might affect them.
Assessment: HW: Finish marine debris worksheet Students should be working on their poster presentations by gathering materials, pictures, and ideas for the poster.
Key Concepts (what the students should know!) 1. What are some major manmade impacts to the open ocean? 2. What is noise pollution? 3. What is marine debris? 4. What can we do to help stop marine debris? 5. What did you discover as the most harmful type of marine debris?
Links: http://marinedebris.noaa.gov/ The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Website. This site is a great informational link to the basics of marine debris, what is currently happening with marine debris, and who is dedicated to cleaning it up.
www.keepoceansclean.org/home/ This is a great site for kids. This site has an educational game letting kids clean up the ocean. Has sections for teachers, parents, and students.
http://www.latimes.com/news/local/oceans/laoceansseries,0,7842752.special Great site about the decline of ocean health with lots of great videos, graphics, and pictures. Explains the major ocean currents and Hawaii’s unique position in the Pacific. www.learningdemo.com/noaa Marine Debris demo view lesson 13 (ocean pollution) click on noise pollution whale behavior demo in right hand bottom corner.
http://www.epa.gov/owow/OCPD/Marine/contents.html EPA’s curriculum on marine debris.
http://awionline.org/oceans/Noise/IONC/index.htm The international noise coalition’s website. Tons of scientific information on ocean noise and its impact to the marine environment.
NOTES::
Man Made Impacts to the Open Ocean
Man Made Impacts to the Man Made Impacts to the Open Ocean Open Ocean
There are many kinds of impacts or threats to the open ocean. Some are natural, like storms, and some are man made, like pollution. The pictures below show some impacts
of both kinds.
Man Made vs Natural Man Made Man Made vs vs Natural Natural
G Marine Debris G Trash,old fishing
gear
G Noise Pollution G Motors, sonar
G Chemical Pollution G Oil spills, toxic
waste
G G Marine Debris Marine Debris G G Trash,old fishing Trash,old fishing
gear gear
G G Noise Pollution Noise Pollution G G Motors, sonar Motors, sonar
G G Chemical Pollution Chemical Pollution G G Oil spills, toxic Oil spills, toxic
waste waste
G Storm Events G Storms can change
currents and other habitats in the ocean
G Disease G Diseases may make
ocean animals sick
G Algae Blooms G Algae can grow very
fast into a bloom that is toxic
G G Storm Events Storm Events G G Storms can change Storms can change
currents and other currents and other habitats in the ocean habitats in the ocean
G G Disease Disease G G Diseases may make Diseases may make
ocean animals sick ocean animals sick
G G Algae Blooms Algae Blooms G G Algae can grow very Algae can grow very
fast into a bloom that fast into a bloom that is toxic is toxic
Today we will concentrate on Marine Debris and Noise Pollution
Noise Pollution Noise Pollution Noise Pollution Marine animals, particularly marine mammals and fish, use sound for reproduction, feeding, predator avoidance, and navigation (Popper 2003).
Marine life uses sound because sound travels 5 times the speed of sound in air. Vision is only useful for tens of meters underwater, yet sound can be heard for hundreds, even thousands of kilometers.
Noise pollution is any man made noise that might be louder than the natural sounds in the ocean!!!
Marine animals, particularly marine mammals and fish, use sound Marine animals, particularly marine mammals and fish, use sound for reproduction, feeding, predator avoidance, and navigation for reproduction, feeding, predator avoidance, and navigation (Popper 2003). (Popper 2003).
Marine life uses sound b Marine life uses sound because sound travels 5 times the speed of ecause sound travels 5 times the speed of sound in air. Vision is only useful for tens of meters underwate sound in air. Vision is only useful for tens of meters underwater, r, yet sound can be heard for hundreds, even thousands of yet sound can be heard for hundreds, even thousands of kilometers. kilometers.
Noise pollution is any man made noise that might be louder Noise pollution is any man made noise that might be louder than the natural sounds in the ocean!!! than the natural sounds in the ocean!!!
Volume Levels of Sounds in the Ocean
Volume Levels of Sounds in the Volume Levels of Sounds in the Ocean Ocean
G Wind and waves 85 dB G Earthquake 95135 dB G Harp seal call 130 140 dB G Bottlenose dolphin 150 dB G Humpback whale moan 175 dB
G Gray whale moan 185 dB
G G Wind and waves 85 dB Wind and waves 85 dB G G Earthquake 95 Earthquake 95 135 dB 135 dB G G Harp seal call 130 Harp seal call 130 140 dB 140 dB G G Bottlenose dolphin Bottlenose dolphin 150 dB 150 dB G G Humpback whale moan Humpback whale moan 175 175 dB dB
G G Gray whale moan 185 dB Gray whale moan 185 dB
G Large tanker ships 177 dB G continuous noise on shipping
pathways all over the world
G Icebreaker ships 183 dB G cycling noise primarily in Arctic
Ocean, north of Canada, Alaska, and Russia
G Low frequency sonar 235 dB G Continuous pulses of sound used to
find navy ships and submarines
G Seismic oil exploration 210 dB G Low pitched pulses of sound, used to
find oil in ocean areas worldwide
G G Large tanker ships 177 dB Large tanker ships 177 dB G G continuous noise on shipping continuous noise on shipping
pathways all over the world pathways all over the world
G G Icebreaker ships 183 dB Icebreaker ships 183 dB G G cycling noise primarily in Arctic cycling noise primarily in Arctic
Ocean, north of Canada, Alaska, and Ocean, north of Canada, Alaska, and Russia Russia
G G Low frequency sonar 235 dB Low frequency sonar 235 dB G G Continuous pulses of sound used to Continuous pulses of sound used to
find navy ships and submarines find navy ships and submarines
G G Seismic oil exploration 210 dB Seismic oil exploration 210 dB G G Low pitched pulses of sound, used to Low pitched pulses of sound, used to
find oil in find oil in ocean areas world ocean areas world wide wide
Natural Man Made
Sounds above 90 dB can damage the human ear
http://scicom.ucsc.edu/SciNotes/9601/O ceanNoise/Sounds/Humpback.aiff
What does too much noise pollution do???
What does too much noise What does too much noise pollution do??? pollution do???
Pilot whale stranding Pilot whale stranding Pilot whale stranding
What is Marine Debris??? What is Marine Debris??? What is Marine Debris??? G Floating garbage in the sea G Litter on the beach G Manmade rubbish that did not get put in a trash can!
G G Floating garbage in the sea Floating garbage in the sea G G Litter on the beach Litter on the beach G G Man Man made rubbish that did not get put in a made rubbish that did not get put in a trash can! trash can!
Why should we care about Marine Debris
Why should we care about Why should we care about Marine Debris Marine Debris
G Marine debris is the #1 killer of all ocean life. Millions of ocean animals die every year. G 90% of marine debris is plastic G Some plastics may take 450 years to
biodegrade G You can make a difference!
G G Marine debris is the #1 killer of all Marine debris is the #1 killer of all ocean life. Millions of ocean animals ocean life. Millions of ocean animals die every year. die every year. G G 90% of marine debris is plastic 90% of marine debris is plastic G G Some plastics may take 450 years to Some plastics may take 450 years to
biodegrade biodegrade G G You can make a difference! You can make a difference!
How does marine debris get into the ocean???
How does marine debris get into How does marine debris get into the ocean??? the ocean???
Trash may get washed off the land by rain or rivers, washed off the beach by waves, or dumped at sea by people!
What does marine debris do to the open ocean environment??
What does marine debris do to the What does marine debris do to the open ocean environment?? open ocean environment??
G Entangle G Poison
G Debris like food containers and cigarettes have toxic chemicals
G Get eaten G This is one of the
worst ones for birds G Think about what
plastic bags look like in the water
G G Entangle Entangle G G Poison Poison
G G Debris like food Debris like food containers and containers and cigarettes have cigarettes have toxic chemicals toxic chemicals
G G Get eaten Get eaten G G This is one of the This is one of the
worst ones for birds worst ones for birds G G Think about what Think about what
plastic bags look like plastic bags look like in the water in the water
How did this albatross die? How did this albatross die? How did this albatross die?
Look at all the different kinds of trash! Think where your
trash might end up
Look at all the different kinds Look at all the different kinds of trash! Think where your of trash! Think where your
trash might end up trash might end up
What YOU can do to help!!! What YOU can do to help!!! What YOU can do to help!!!
G Pick up litter G Support ocean
conservation G Recycle G Go to beach
cleanups G Eat less packaged
food G Use a reusable
bag when you go to the store
G G Pick up litter Pick up litter G G Support ocean Support ocean
conservation conservation G G Recycle Recycle G G Go to beach Go to beach
cleanups cleanups G G Eat less packaged Eat less packaged
food food G G Use a reusable Use a reusable
bag when you go bag when you go to the store to the store
How Harmful Is Marine Debris??? There are many different kinds of marine debris. The chart below shows some of the most common types. Think about how each kind of marine debris may impact the environment. Animals can eat marine debris and become sick, they may become entangled in debris and drown or get eaten by predators, or the marine debris may release harmful chemicals, like gasoline, into the environment. Write a 1 in the corresponding box if you think the marine debris will have that kind of impact. Write a 0 if you think the marine debris will not impact the environment in that way. Add up all the numbers for each type of marine debris in the subtotal box and drift on.
Fishing Line
Styrofoam Cup
SixPack Ring
Cigarette Butt
Plastic Bag
Plastic Bit
Lighter
Eaten Entangle Chemicals Subtotal
Use what you have learned about Hawaii’s open ocean creatures to rate if each type of marine debris will affect the different animals. Remember that marine debris may be eaten, entangle animals, or release polluting chemicals. Write a 1 if you think the marine debris will affect the animal in the corresponding box. Write a 0 if you think the marine debris will not impact that animal. Add up all the numbers for each type of marine debris in the subtotal box and drift on.
After you have added up your subtotals, then multiply the subtotals for each type of marine debris from activity 1 & 2 together. For example if fishing line as a subtotal of 2 for activity 1 and 4 for activity 2, then the total will be 8. Fill out the table below.
Fishing Line
Styrofoam Cup
SixPack Ring
Cigarette Butt
Plastic Bag Plastic Bit Lighter
Subtotal (Activity 1) Subtotal
(Activity 2) Total Score Swim to the back of the worksheet.
Fishing Line
Styrofoam Cup
SixPack Ring
Cigarette Butt
Plastic Bag Plastic Bit Lighter
Sea Turtle Albatross Humpback Whale Flying Fish Zooplankton Subtotal
Graph The Most Harmful Marine Debris! Create a bargraph/histogram of your totals for each type of marine debris to determine which one is most harmful. The highest score may be the overall most harmful type of debris.
Marine Debris Bar Graph
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Fishing LineStyrofoam Cup
SixPack Ring
Cigarette Butt
Plastic Bag Plastic Bit Lighter
Marine Debris Type
Good Job!!!!!!!!! Now create a legend for your chart by picking a different color for each type of marine debris. Color in each bar with a different color. Then fill out the legend below by filling in the boxes with the matching color.
Legend
QuickTime™ and a TIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Marine Debris is not for me!
Fishing Line
Styrofoam Cup
SixPack Ring
Cigarette Butt
Plastic Bag
Plastic Bit
Lighter
Name
National Marine Fisheries Service125th AnniversaryActivity Book Series
Alaska Fisheries Science Center 6/96Graphics Unit 9/96
Help Sammy the Sea Lion reach the openclean seas, and while you are at it pleasehelp pick up the garbage.
encourages everyone to reduce trash in the oceans and waterways.Please remember, stow your trash until you can dispose of it properly.
NMFS
