II. Animal Diversity

b. Ecdysozoans

3. Arthropod Phyla

e. Phylum Hexapoda

1. Diversity

- Collembola

II. Animal Diversity

b. Ecdysozoans

3. Arthropod Phyla

e. Phylum Hexapoda

1. Diversity

- Collembola

- Protura

II. Animal Diversity

b. Ecdysozoans

3. Arthropod Phyla

e. Phylum Hexapoda

1. Diversity

- Collembola

- Protura

- Insecta

II. Animal Diversity

b. Ecdysozoans

3. Arthropod Phyla

e. Phylum Hexapoda

2. Biology

- spiracles

II. Animal Diversity

b. Ecdysozoans

3. Arthropod Phyla

e. Phylum Hexapoda

2. Biology

- spiracles

- Fusion of segments into three

regions: head, thorax, abdomen

II. Animal Diversity

b. Ecdysozoans

3. Arthropod Phyla

e. Phylum Hexapoda

2. Biology

- spiracles

- Fusion of segments into three

regions: head, thorax, abdomen

- Flight in insects

II. Animal Diversity

C. Bilateria

1. Protostomes – blastopore forms mouth

a. Lophotrochozoans

b. Ecdysozoans

2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus

a. Echinodermata

b. Hemichordata

c. Chordata

II. Animal Diversity

C. Bilateria

2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus

a. Echinodermata

1. Diversity

- sea stars

II. Animal Diversity

C. Bilateria

2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus

a. Echinodermata

1. Diversity

- sea stars

- sea cucumbers

II. Animal Diversity

C. Bilateria

2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus

a. Echinodermata

1. Diversity

- sea stars

- sea cucumbers

- sea urchins

II. Animal Diversity

C. Bilateria

2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus

a. Echinodermata

2. Biology

- “biradial symmetry”

II. Animal Diversity

C. Bilateria

2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus

a. Echinodermata

2. Biology

- “biradial symmetry”

- internal skeleton – calcified plates

II. Animal Diversity

C. Bilateria

2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus

a. Echinodermata

2. Biology

- “biradial symmetry”

- internal skeleton – calcified plates

- water vascular system and tube feet

(sieve plate, ring canal, radial canal)

II. Animal Diversity

C. Bilateria

2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus

a. Echinodermata

2. Biology

- “biradial symmetry”

- internal skeleton – calcified plates

- water vascular system and tube feet

(sieve plate, ring canal, radial canal)

- filter feeders (Sea Lily), herbivores

(sea urchins), predators (sea stars).

II. Animal Diversity

C. Bilateria

2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus

b. Hemichordata – Acorn Worms

II. Animal Diversity

C. Bilateria

2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus

b. Hemichordata – Acorn Worms

- pharyngeal gill slits

- hollow dorsal nerve tube

II. Animal Diversity

C. Bilateria

2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus

c. Chordata: Four Key Characters

II. Animal Diversity

C. Bilateria

2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus

c. Chordata: Four Key Characters

- Pharyngeal Gill Slits

II. Animal Diversity

C. Bilateria

2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus

c. Chordata: Four Key Characters

- Pharyngeal Gill Slits

- Hollow Dorsal Nerve Tube

II. Animal Diversity

C. Bilateria

2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus

c. Chordata: Four Key Characters

- Pharyngeal Gill Slits

- Hollow Dorsal Nerve Tube

- Post-anal tail

II. Animal Diversity

C. Bilateria

2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus

c. Chordata: Four Key Characters

- Pharyngeal Gill Slits

- Hollow Dorsal Nerve Tube

- Post-anal tail

- notochord – a rigid supporting rod

II. Animal Diversity

C. Bilateria

2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus

c. Chordata: Four Key Characters

1. Urochordata - Tunicates

II. Animal Diversity

C. Bilateria

2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus

c. Chordata: Four Key Characters

1. Urochordata – Tunicates

- 4 traits as larva

II. Animal Diversity

C. Bilateria

2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus

c. Chordata: Four Key Characters

1. Urochordata – Tunicates

- 4 traits as larva

- mobile as larva

II. Animal Diversity

C. Bilateria

2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus

c. Chordata: Four Key Characters

1. Urochordata – Tunicates

- 4 traits as larva

- mobile as larva

- become sedentary

as adults (filter)

II. Animal Diversity

C. Bilateria

2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus

c. Chordata: Four Key Characters

2. Cephalochordata – Lancelets

II. Animal Diversity

C. Bilateria

2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus

c. Chordata: Four Key Characters

2. Cephalochordata – Lancelets

- 4 traits

- burrowers

- filter feeders

II. Animal Diversity

C. Bilateria

2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus

c. Chordata:

3. Vertebrata

II. Animal Diversity

C. Bilateria

2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus

c. Chordata:

3. Vertebrata

- four traits

II. Animal Diversity

C. Bilateria

2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus

c. Chordata:

3. Vertebrata

- four traits

- vertebral column

II. Animal Diversity

C. Bilateria

2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus

c. Chordata:

3. Vertebrata

- four traits

- vertebral column

- trends:

II. Animal Diversity

C. Bilateria

2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus

c. Chordata:

3. Vertebrata

- four traits

- vertebral column

- trends:

- increased locomotion

II. Animal Diversity

C. Bilateria

2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus

c. Chordata:

3. Vertebrata

- four traits

- vertebral column

- trends:

- increased locomotion

- increased cephalization

II. Animal Diversity

C. Bilateria

2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus

c. Chordata:

3. Vertebrata

- four traits

- vertebral column

- trends:

- increased locomotion

- increased cephalization

- adaptations to land

II. Animal Diversity

3. Vertebrata

a. Origin of Vertebrates

- filter feeding ancestor (lancelet-like)

- 550 mya - Pikaea

II. Animal Diversity

3. Vertebrata

a. Origin of Vertebrates

II. Animal Diversity

3. Vertebrata

b. Jawless Fishes – (Class: Agnatha)

- Early: Ostracoderms – filter feeding

II. Animal Diversity

3. Vertebrata

b. Jawless Fishes – (Class: Agnatha)

- Current: lampreys, hagfishes: parasitic

II. Animal Diversity

3. Vertebrata

c. Jawed Fishes

II. Animal Diversity

3. Vertebrata

c. Jawed Fishes

- gill arches

II. Animal Diversity

3. Vertebrata

c. Jawed Fishes

- gill arches

- evolved to jaws

II. Animal Diversity

3. Vertebrata

c. Jawed Fishes

- gill arches

- evolved to jaws

- increase feeding

II. Animal Diversity

3. Vertebrata

c. Jawed Fishes

- gill arches

- evolved to jaws

- increase feeding

- priority on

locomotion

II. Animal Diversity

3. Vertebrata

c. Jawed Fishes

- gill arches

- evolved to jaws

- increase feeding

- priority on

locomotion

- Cephalization

II. Animal Diversity

3. Vertebrata

c. Jawed Fishes

- Placoderms (extinct – survived to Permian)

dominant predators

paired appendages for swimming

II. Animal Diversity

3. Vertebrata

c. Jawed Fishes

- Placoderms (extinct – survived to Permian)

- Cartilaginous fish (Class: Chondrichthyes)

also efficient paired fins

- sharks

- skates, rays

- ratfish

II. Animal Diversity

3. Vertebrata

c. Jawed Fishes

- Placoderms (extinct – survived to Permian)

- Cartilaginous fish (Class: Chondrichthyes)

- Bony Fish (Class: Osteichthyes)

II. Animal Diversity

3. Vertebrata

c. Jawed Fishes

- Placoderms (extinct – survived to Permian)

- Cartilaginous fish (Class: Chondrichthyes)

- Bony Fish (Class: Osteichthyes)

- light bone skeleton

II. Animal Diversity

3. Vertebrata

c. Jawed Fishes

- Placoderms (extinct – survived to Permian)

- Cartilaginous fish (Class: Chondrichthyes)

- Bony Fish (Class: Osteichthyes)

- light bone skeleton

- air sac for respiration

II. Animal Diversity

3. Vertebrata

c. Jawed Fishes

- Placoderms (extinct – survived to Permian)

- Cartilaginous fish (Class: Chondrichthyes)

- Bony Fish (Class: Osteichthyes)

- light bone skeleton

- air sac for respiration

- in Ray-finned: swim bladder

(light, buoyant, fast)

- Bony Fish (Class: Osteichthyes)

- light bone skeleton

- air sac for respiration

- in Ray-finned: swim bladder

(light, buoyant, fast)

- in Lobe-finned and lungfish:

evolved jointed fins…

could support weight

on land, and breath with

air sac. (Devonian – 400my

II. Animal Diversity

3. Vertebrata

d. Amphibians

II. Animal Diversity

3. Vertebrata

d. Amphibians

- Evolved in Devonian (375 mya) - Lungfish

- fed on abundant terrestrial Arthropods

Ichthyostegids

II. Animal Diversity

3. Vertebrata

d. Amphibians

- Caecilians, Frogs and Toads, Salamanders

II. Animal Diversity

3. Vertebrata

d. Amphibians

- Caecilians, Frogs and Toads, Salamanders

- small lungs, respiratory skin must stay moist

II. Animal Diversity

3. Vertebrata

d. Amphibians

- Caecilians, Frogs and Toads, Salamanders

- small lungs, respiratory skin must stay moist

- eggs must stay moist

II. Animal Diversity

3. Vertebrata

e. Reptiles – evolved in Carboniferous (325 mya)

II. Animal Diversity

3. Vertebrata

e. Reptiles

- amniotic egg with shell

II. Animal Diversity

3. Vertebrata

e. Reptiles

- amniotic egg with shell

- kidney to produce concentrated urine

II. Animal Diversity

3. Vertebrata

e. Reptiles

- amniotic egg with shell

- kidney to produce concentrated urine

- scales to reduce water loss from skin

II. Animal Diversity

3. Vertebrata

f. Birds: evolved over 200 mya ago

II. Animal Diversity

3. Vertebrata

f. Birds

- feathers – homeothermy and flight

II. Animal Diversity

3. Vertebrata

f. Birds

- feathers – homeothermy and flight

- “one way” lung – more efficient

II. Animal Diversity

3. Vertebrata

g. Mammals:

II. Animal Diversity

3. Vertebrata

g. Mammals:

- evolved over 200 mya ago, too

(remember from what?)

II. Animal Diversity

3. Vertebrata

g. Mammals:

- evolved over 200 mya ago, too

- hair (homeothermy)

II. Animal Diversity

3. Vertebrata

g. Mammals:

- evolved over 200 mya ago, too

- hair (homeothermy)

- nurse young (increase survival of young)

II. Animal Diversity

3. Vertebrata

g. Mammals:

- evolved over 200 mya ago, too

- hair (homeothermy)

- nurse young (increase survival of young)

- Development:

lay eggs (Monotremes)

II. Animal Diversity

3. Vertebrata

g. Mammals:

- evolved over 200 mya ago, too

- hair (homeothermy)

- nurse young (increase survival of young)

- Development:

lay eggs (Monotremes)

embryo born, nursed (Marsupials)

II. Animal Diversity

3. Vertebrata

g. Mammals:

- evolved over 200 mya ago, too

- hair (homeothermy)

- nurse young (increase survival of young)

- Development:

lay eggs (Monotremes)

embryo born, nursed (Marsupials)

develop to independence (Placentals)