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SCHEME OF STUDIES

B.Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture - Major Horticulture M.Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture – Horticulture

PhD Horticulture

Institute of Horticultural Sciences

UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, FAISALABAD

PAKISTAN

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SCHEME OF STUDIES

Courses Offered for B.Sc. (Hons.) Agri. Sciences

SEMESTER-II Course # Title Credit Hours Course Type HORT-302 Introductory Horticulture 3(2-1) FC SEMESTER-IV HORT-404 Peri-Urban Horticulture 2(1-1) Elective HORT-404 PERI-URBAN HORTICULTURE 2(1-1) Theory Introduction and historical background; Present status of peri-urban horticulture in the world; Recent trends in peri-urban horticulture; Need for changing the scenario. Crop production (vegetables, flowers and fruits) on small scale; Soil and water management; Organic farming; Health and food safety; Marketing; Strategies to develop peri-urban horticulture. Practical Visits of peri-urban horticulture farms and waste recycling projects; Practice in layout of peri-urban farms; Use of solid waste as growing media; Practice in nursery raising and transplanting; Management of cultural practices. Suggested Readings

1. Allen, A., N.L.A. Da Silva and E. Corubolo. 1999. Environmental Problems and Opportunities of the Peri-Urban Interface and Their Impact upon the Poor. Development Planning Unit. Univ. College London, UK.

2. Baud, I.S.A., J. Post and C. Furedy. 2004. Solid Waste Management and Recycling. Kluwer Academic Pub., Netherlands.

3. Duncan, M., D. Simon and D. Thompson. 2005. The Peri-Urban Interface. Approaches to Sustainable Natural and Human Resource Use. Royal Holloway, Univ. London, UK.

4. Mukherjee, N. and M. Jayaswal. 2006. Chained by Food: Marginalized Voices from Peri-Urban India, Poor Households as Food Producers and Consumers in Peri-Urban India. Vedams eBooks (P) Ltd., Pitampura, New Delhi, India

5. Smit, J., A. Ratta and J. Nasr. 1996. Urban Agriculture: Food, Jobs and Sustainable Cities. UNDP, Urban Development Unit, DC1-2080, NY, USA.

HORT-302 INTRODUCTORY HORTICULTURE 3(2-1) Theory Introduction and importance; Definitions and divisions of horticulture; Classification of horticultural crops; Principles and techniques of propagation; Establishment of orchard, vegetable and ornamental garden; Principles and objectives of pruning and training; Production technology of selected horticultural crops; citrus, mango, guava, date palm, potato, tomato, onion, cucumber, annual flowers, roses and gladiolus. Practical

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Visit to experimental farms; Garden tools and their use; Identification and nomenclature of important fruit, vegetable and ornamental crops; Practice in layout methods; Demonstration of pruning and training methods; Sexual and asexual plant propagation techniques. Suggested Readings 1. Acquaah, G. 2004. Horticulture: Principles and Practices. 3rd Ed. Prentice Hall, Inc., NY, USA. 2. Chadha, K.L. 2006. Handbook of Horticulture. 6th Ed. ICAR, New Delhi, India. 3. Hartmann, H.T., D.E. Kester, F.T. Davies and R. Geneve. 2010. Hartmann & Kester's Plant

Propagation: Principles and Practices. 7th Ed. Pearson Higher Ed, USA. 4. Malik, M.N. 1994. Horticulture. National Book Foundation, Islamabad.

Reiley, H.E. and C.L. Shry. 2002. Introductory Horticulture. 6th Ed. Delmar, Thomson Learning/Delmar, Inc., USA.

B.Sc. (Hons.) Agri. Major Horticulture

SEMESTER-V (Students will opt for 5 credit hours from elective courses) Course # Title Credit Hours Course Type HORT-501 Principles of Fruit Production 4(3-1) Major HORT-503 Principles of Vegetable Production 3(2-1) Major HORT-505 Ornamental Horticulture 3(2-1) Major HORT-507 Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 2(1-1 Major BIOCHEM-502 Fundamental Biochemistry 3(2-1) Supporting

Sub-Total 15 HORT-509 Nutrient Management of Horticultural Crops 3(1-2) Elective HORT-511 Greenhouse Crops 3(2-1) Elective HORT-513 House Plants 2(1-1) Elective HORT-517 Innovative Technologies for Vegetable

Production 2(1-1) Elective

Total Credit Hours 20 SEMESTER-VI (Students will opt for 5 credit hours from elective courses) HORT-502 Production of Fruits 4(3-1) Major HORT-504 Production of Vegetables 3(2-1) Major HORT-506 Landscape Plants 3(2-1) Major HORT-508 Basics of Plant Tissue Culture 2(1-1) Major BOT-502 Advanced Botany 4(3-1) Supporting

Sub-Total 16 HORT-512 Minor Fruit Crops 3(2-1) Elective HORT-514 Organic Horticulture Production 3(2-1) Elective HORT-516 Good Agricultural Practices 2(1-1) Elective HORT-518 Business Management in Horticulture 2(1-1) Elective

Total credit hours 21 SEMESTER-VII (Students will opt for 2 credit hours from elective courses) HORT-603 Breeding of Horticultural Crops 3(2-1) Major HORT-605 Research Methods in Horticulture 3(2-1) Major HORT-407 Propagation and Nursery Management 3(2-1) Major HORT-609 Commercial Flower Production 3(2-1) Major

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HORT-611 Preparation of Research Projects and Scientific Writing

2(1-1) Major

HORT-613 Harvest and Handling of Horticultural Crops 3(2-1) Major Sub-Total 17

HORT-615 Temperate Fruits 2(1-1) Elective HORT-617 Vegetable and Flower Seed production 2(1-1) Elective

Total credit hours 19 SEMESTER-VIII HORT-612 Internship 6(0-6) Major

Total credit hours 6 Grand Total 66

Contents of Courses HORT-501 PRINCIPLES OF FRUIT PRODUCTION 4(3-1) Theory Introduction to fruit sciences; Fruit-bud formation; initiation, development and controlling factors; Pollination and fruit setting problems; Rest and dormancy; Biennial bearing in fruit plants and its control; Fruit thinning; Bud variations and mutations; Parthenocarpy and seedless ness; Improvement in fruit varieties; Storage and marketing of fruit crops; Plant growth regulators in pomology. Practical Pruning and training of important evergreen and deciduous fruit trees; Fruit bearing habits; Identification and description of different propagation methods; Callusing, stratification and scarification; Practice in breeding methods of various fruits. Suggested Readings 1. Halfacre, R.B. and J.A. Barden. 1979. Horticulture. The McGraw Hill book Company, NY, USA. 2. Janick, J. 1979. Horticultural Science. W.H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco, USA. 3. Leopold, A.C. and P.E. Kriedman. 1975. Plant Growth and Development. McGraw Hill Book

Company, NY, USA. 4. Malik, M.N. 1994. Horticulture. National Book Foundation, Islamabad. 5. Tromp, J. A.D. Webster and S.J. Wertheim. 2005. Fundamentals of Temperate Zone Tree Fruit

Production. Backhuys Publisher, Netherlands. HORT-502 PRODUCTION OF FRUITS 4(3-1) Theory Classification of fruits; Cultivation with reference to acre, age, production, botany, climate, soil, propagation, rootstocks, cultural practices, maturity, ripening, harvesting and marketing of the following fruits: citrus, mango, banana, guava, date palm, apple, pear, plum, peach, apricot, almond, cherry, loquat, pomegranate, litchi, persimmon, papaya and grapes. Practical Particles in nursery methods in citrus, date, mango and deciduous fruits. Selection of bud wood; Description of mango, citrus, date, banana and apple flowers; Date pollination; Description and identification of commercial varieties of important fruits. Suggested Readings

1. Davies, F.S. and L.G. Allbrigo. 1994. Citrus. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. 2. Jackson, D., N.E. Looney and M. Morley-Bunker. 2010. Temperature and Subtropical Fruit

Production. 3rd ed. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.

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3. Ladaniya, M. 2008. Citrus Fruit: Biology. Technology and Evaluation. Elsevier Academic Press, USA.

4. Malik, M.N. 1994. Horticulture. National Book Foundation, Islamabad. 5. Rieger, M. 2006. Introduction to Fruit Crops. The Haworth Press Inc., Canada. HORT-503 PRINCIPLES OF VEGETABLE PRODUCTION 3(2-1) Theory Cultivation of winter vegetables with centre of their origin, climate, soil, cultivars, cultural practices, harvesting, marketing, cost of production, seed setting and production problems, important weeds, pests and diseases with their control; Varietals improvement. Introduction, selection, hybridization; Systems of pollination; Sexual mechanism in winter vegetables; Mushroom culture. Practical Identification and description of fruit, flower and seed of important cultivars vegetables; Identification of important pests and diseases of vegetables; Practices in sowing vegetables; Growing mushroom. Suggested Readings

1. Bailey, L.H. 2009. Principles of Vegetable Cultivation. Discovery Publishing House, Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India.

2. Koike, S.T., P. Gladders and A.O. Paulus. 2007. Vegetable Diseases: A Colour Hand Book. Academic Press, Burlington, USA.

3. Malik, M.N. 1994. Horticulture. National-Book Foundation, Islamabad. 4. Swiader, J.M., G.W. Ware and J.P. McCollum. 1992. Producing Vegetable Crops. 4th ed. Publisher,

Inc., USA. 5. Wein, H.C. 1997. The Physiology of Vegetable Crops. CAB International, NY, USA. HORT-504 RODUCTION OF VEGETABLES 3(2-1) Theory Cultivation of summer vegetables with reference to their centres of origin, climate, soil, cultivars, cultural practices, harvesting, marketing, cost of production, seed setting and production problems, important weeds, pests and diseases with their control; Varietal improvement work; Introduction, selection, hybridization; Systems of pollination; Sexual mechanisms in important summer vegetables. Practicals Identification and description of fruit, flower and seeds of cultivars of summer vegetables; Identification of important pests and diseases 'of summer vegetables; Practice in raising of summer vegetables. Suggested Readings

1. Bessin, R., T. Coolong, J. Masabni, J. Strang and K. Seebold. 2009. Vegetable Production Guide for Commercial Growers. University of Kentucky, College of Agriculture, UK.

2. Flegg, P.B., D.M. Spencer and D.A. Wood. 1985. The Biology and Technology of Cultivated Mushrooms. John Wiley and Sons, USA.

3. Koike, S.T., P. Gladders and A.O. Paulus. 2007. Vegetable Diseases: A Colour Hand Book. Academic Press, Burlington, USA.

4. Rice, L. and R. Rice. 2010. Practical Horticulture. Prentice Hall, New Jersy, USA. 5. Wein, H.C. 1997. The Physiology of Vegetable Crops. CAB International, NY, USA. HORT-505 ORNAMENTAL HORTICULTURE 3(2-1) Theory Importance; Present status and future scope; Growing of herbaceous perennials, foliage plants, succulents and flowering bulbs with their propagation and maintenance; Raising of important annuals.

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Practicals Identification of winter and summer annuals; Raising and transplanting of flower nursery; Identification of herbaceous perennials, foliage plants, succulents and flowering bulbs with their propagation methods and maintenance practices; Actual raising of important annuals. Suggested Readings 1. Hessayon D.G. 1998. The Flower Expert. PBI Publications, Waltham Cross Herts, England. 2. Hessayon D.G. 1998. The New Bedding Plant Expert. PBI Publications, Waltham Cross, Herts,

England. 3. Larson, RA. 1980. Introduction to Floriculture. Academic Press, NY, USA. 4. Malik, M.N. 1994. Horticulture. National Book Foundation, Islamabad. 5. McDaniel, C.L. 1979. Ornamental Horticulture. Practice Hall, Co., Reston, VA, USA. HORT-506 LANDSCAPE PLANTS 3(2-1) Theory Introduction and importance; Classification; Basic requirements for plant growth; Functional uses of landscape plants; Growth habits, foliage effects, hardiness, adaptation and propagation of important landscape woody plants and their suitability for various purposes and locations; Introduction to turf grasses. Practicals Identification and comparative study of various landscape trees, shrubs and climbers; Study of leaves, branches, flowers, fruits and seeds; Practices in propagation of important landscape trees, shrubs and climbers; Visits of various modern parks, botanical and historic gardens and nurseries. Suggested Readings

1. Carpenter, P.L., T.D Walker and F.A. Lanphear. 1975. Plants in the Landscape. W.H. Freeman and Co. San Francisco, CL, USA.

2. Hessayon D.G. 1998. The Tree and Shrub Expert. PBI Publications, Waltham Cross Herts, England. 3. Hessayon D.G. 1998. The Bulb Expert. PBI Publications, Waltham Cross Herts, England. 4. Hessayon D.G. 1998. The Lawn Expert. PBI Publications, Waltham Cross Herts, England. 5. Khan M.A. 2002. Introduction to Landscape Plants. Univ. Agri. Press, Faisalabad. HORT-507 MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS 2(1-1) Theory Importance, origin and habitat; classification; Climatic requirements; Cultivation and production; Chemical and pharmacological properties; Products and medicinal uses; Procedures of plant collection and extraction; Processing, marketing and export potential. Practical Identification and description; Parts used and important ingredients; Extraction method; Visit to various herbal institutes, "Pansari" market, herbal gardens and botanical gardens. Suggested Readings 1. Bhattacharjee, S.K. 1999. Handbook of Medicinal Plants. Pointer Pub. Co., India. 2. Farooqui M.L.H. 2000. Medicinal Plants of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). Sidrah Pub., Lukhnow,

India. 3. Joshi S.G. 2000. Medicinal Plants. Oxford and IBH, India.

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4. Pengelly, A. 2004. The Constituents of Medicinal Plants: An Introduction to the Chemistry and Therapeutics of Herbal Medicine. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.

5. Ulbricht, C. 2010. Natural Standard Herbal Pharmacotherapy. Saunders Publishers, USA. HORT-508 BASICS OF PLANT TISSUE CULTURE 2(1-1) Theory Introduction and importance; Basic terminology; Applications and constraints of plant tissue culture; Nutritional components of culture media; Aseptic techniques; Initiation and maintenance of cultures; Physical factors for growth; Transplanting and acclimatization. Practical General orientation of plant tissue culture set up-media preparation, explant sterilization and inoculation; Hands on basic in vitro techniques: seed culture, embryo culture, meristem culture and single node culture. Suggested readings 1. Chandra, R. and M. Mishra (eds.). 2005. Comprehensive Micropropagation of Horticultural Crops.

Int. Book Distributing Co., Lucknow, India. 2. Kumar, U. 2002. Methods in Plant Tissue Culture. 2nd ed. Agrobios, Agro House, Chopasani Road,

Jodhpur 342002, India. 3. Razdan, M.K. 2003. Introduction to Plant Tissue Culture. Science Pub. Inc., Enfield, New

Hampshire, USA. 4. Smith, R.H. 2013. Plant Tissue Culture: Techniques and Experiments. 3rd ed. Academic Press, NY,

USA. HORT-509 NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT OF HORTICULTURAL CROPS 3(1-2) Theory Introduction and importance; Types and sources of plant nutrition; Nutrient conservation techniques; Criteria of nutrient essentiality; Absorption mechanisms; Nutrient application, method, time, and amount. Practical Deficiency symptoms of nutrients; Soil and plant sampling, laboratory analysis, deficient and surplus nutrients; Effective feeding root zone; Soil and foliar application; Fruit and leaf analysis for nutrient losses; Toxicity effects; Methods and techniques for evaluating nutrient requirements. Suggested Readings

1. Benton, J. and J. Jones. 1998. Plant Nutrition Manual. 5th ed. CRC-Press, FL, USA. 2. Epstein, E. and Arnold. 2005. Mineral Nutrition of Plants. 2nd ed. Sinauer Associates, UK. 3. Gardner, V.R. 2001. The Fundamentals of Fruit Production. 5th ed. McGraw Hills, USA. 4. Ernest, K.M. 2001. Principles of Plant Nutrition. 5th ed. Springer, NY, USA. 5. Malik, M.N. 1994. Horticulture, National-Book Foundation, Islamabad. HORT-511 GREENHOUSE CROPS 3(2-1) Theory Introduction; Greenhouse industry in Pakistan; National greenhouse production statistics; Site selection; Greenhouse structures; Floors and lay out; Environmental control; heating and cooling; Growing media: constituents, preparation and handling, steam and chemical pasteurization; Fertilization, irrigation systems and water quality; Light and temperature in greenhouses; Photosynthesis, photoperiodism of

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temperature; Production technology of important greenhouse horticultural crops; Integrated pest management; Insects and diseases; Quality, market and greenhouse business management. Practical Visits of poly tunnels, greenhouses and mushroom houses; Structural demonstration of glass greenhouses, poly tunnels and mushroom houses; Preparation and pasteurization of different soil media; Maintenance of greenhouses; Raising and planting of seedlings; Management of greenhouse horticultural crops. Suggested Readings 1. Abbasi, N.A. and U. Habib. 2008. Protected Horticulture. Department of Horticulture, Pir Mehr Ali

Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi. 2. Nelson, P.V. 1978. Greenhouse Operation and Management. Resting Publication Company. Inc.

VA, USA. 3. Parasad, S. and U. Kumar. 2003. Greenhouse Management for Horticultural Crops. Agro-bios,

India. 4. Swiader, J.M., G.W. Ware and J.P. McCollum. 1992. Producing Vegetable Crops. 4th ed. Publisher,

Inc., NY, USA. HORT-512 MINOR FRUIT CROPS 3 (2-1) Theory Introduction and importance of minor fruits; Botany, composition and uses; Acreage, production, climate, soil, propagation, rootstocks, cultural practices, varieties, important pests and diseases, harvesting, postharvest handling and marketing of following minor fruits: Ber, Berries, Custard apple, Fig, Falsa, Jaman, Jack fruit, Karonda, Loquat Mulberry, Olive and Papaya. Practical Identification of minor fruit plants and fruit; Layout systems; Propagation methods; Pruning, harvesting and handling techniques. Suggested Readings 1. Alford, D.V. 2007. Pests of Fruit Crop. Manson Pub., Delhi, India. 2. Das, B.C. and S.N. Das. 2006. Cultivation of Minor Fruits. Kalyani Pub., New Delhi, India. 3. Malik, M.N. 1994. Horticulture. National Book foundation, Islamabad. 4. Singh, S.P. 2005. Commercial Fruits. Kalyani Pub., New Delhi, India. 5. Steferud, A. 2005. Diseases of Fruits and Nuts. Publisher Biotech Book, New Delhi, India. HORT-513 HOUSE PLANTS 2(1-1) Theory Introduction, importance and history of house plants; Classification and identification; Effect of indoor plants on people and environment; Propagation; Maintenance and up keeping of indoor plants: watering, humidity, light, temperature, insect/pest and diseases, nutrition; Different growing media to grow house plants. Practical Identification of locally available house plants; Propagation of house plants; Use of different growth media to grow indoor plants; Pest and diseases management; Visits of retail and wholesale market. Suggested Readings

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1. Clarke, G. and J. Courier. 2012. Indoor Plants: The Essential Guide to Choosing and Caring for Houseplants. Chartwell Books, Inc., USA.

2. Hessayon, D.G. 2004. The House Plant Experts. Transworld Pub., UK. 3. McHoy, P. 1995 The Complete House Plant Bible. Annes Pub. Ltd., NY, USA. 4. Pleasant, B. 2005. The Complete Houseplant Survival Manual: Essential Know-How for Keeping.

Storey Publishing, North Admin MA, USA. HORT-514 ORGANIC HORTICULTURE PRODUCTION 3(2-1) Theory Introduction and importance of organic farming; Principles of organic horticulture; Selection and use of materials and resources; Managing physical and chemical properties of growing substrate; Organic manure production; Sustainability and environmental impact; Integrated farming system; Organic crop production of selected fruits, vegetables and flowering crops; Certification of organic produce. Practical Identification and production of organic fertilizers; Developing organic fertilization program for different horticultural crops; Integrated weed and pest management; organic crop production techniques in greenhouse and field; Permaculture and organic lawn care; Visits to organic and non-organic progressive gardens. Suggested Readings 1. Davies, F and L. Margi. 2006. Organic Vegetable Production: A Complete Guide. Henry Doubleday

Research Association Publications, UK. 2. Gehlot, D. 2005. Organic Farming Standards, Accreditation, Certification and Inspection. Agrobios

Agro House, Chopasani Road, Jodhpur, India. 3. Gillman, J. 2008. The Truth about Organic Gardening: Benefits, Drawbacks and the Bottom Line.

Timber Press, USA. 4. Lind, G., K. Lafer, K. Scholfer and G. Innerhofer. 2003. Organic Fruit Growing. CAB International,

Wallingford, UK. 5. Reddy, P. 2008. Organic Farming for Sustainable Horticulture. Jodhpur, Scientific Inc., India. HORT-516 GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES 2(1-1) Theory Horticulture industry and global scenario; Significance of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) in horticulture industry; GAP systems in different parts of the world; Standards for GAP/ Global GAP regulations; Terminology, inspection and auditing; Quality management system at orchards, packing facility, food safety; Risk management; GAP certification; Farm safety audit check list for fresh horticultural produce growers, packers and shippers. Practical Visit to the GAP certified orchard/farm; Practice in assessing production and postharvest practices with reference to GAP; Development of GAP documentations like procedures and Manuals etc. Suggested Readings 1. Anonymous, 1998. Guide to Minimize Microbial Food Safety Hazards for Fresh Fruits and

Vegetables. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN). Available: http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/prodguid.html

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2. Parthasarathy, V.A., K. Kandiannan and V. Srinivasan. 2008. Good Agricultural Practices. In: V.A. Parthasarathy, K. Kandinnan and V. Srinivasan (eds.). Organic Spices. New India Publishing Company, Kerala, India.

3. Sapers, M.G., J.R. Gorny and A.E. Yousaf (eds.). 2006. Microbiology of Fruits and Vegetables. CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, USA.

Other reference material 1. Expert Consultation: Report of the Expert Consultation on a Good Agricultural Practice (GAP)

Approach, Rome, Italy, 10-12 November 2003. 2. FAO Committee on Agriculture (COAG), Nineteenth Session, Rome , 13-16 April 2005;

"Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development (SARD) and Good Agricultural Practices (GAP)", COAG 2005 SARD GAP paper.

3. FAO Committee on Agriculture (COAG), Seventeenth Session, Rome, 13 March-4 April 2003; "Development of a Framework for Good Agricultural Practices", COAG 2003 GAP paper.

4. Good Agricultural Practices - an FAO Working Concept Background Paper for the FAO Internal Workshop on Good Agricultural Practices, Rome, Italy 27-29 October 2004.

5. Incentives for the adoption of Good Agricultural Practices Background Paper for the FAO Expert Consultation on Good Agricultural Practices, 10-12 November 2003.

6. Internal Workshop: Report of the FAO Internal workshop on Good Agricultural Practices Rome, Italy, 27-29 October 2004.

7. Rangarajan, A., E.A. Bihn, R.B. Gravani, D.L. Scott and M.P. Pritts. Food safety begins on the farm: A Grower’s Guide to Good Agricultural Practices for fresh fruits and vegetables Cornell Good Agricultural Practices Program. Available: http://www.sfc.ucdavis.edu/pubs/articles/foodsafetybeginsonthefarm.

8. Summary Analysis of Relevant Codes, Guidelines, and Standards Related to Good Agricultural Practices Backgound Paper for the FAO Expert Consultation on Good Agricultural Practices, 10-12 November 2003.

HORT-517 INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR VEGETABLE PRODUCTION 2(1-1) Theory Introduction; Precision horticulture; Automation and mechanization; Recent trends of nursery raising; Hydroponic vegetable production; Tunnel farming; Drip irrigation; Organic vegetable production; Modern approaches in vegetable production. Practical Visits of greenhouses; Training in green house vegetable production; Identification of gadgets and instruments; Solution preparation, fertigation and installation of drip irrigation system; Methods of media preparation for organic farming; Installation of hydroponic system. Suggested Readings 1. Abbasi, N.A., and U. Habib. 2008. Protected Horticulture. Department of Horticulture, Pir Mehr

Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi. 2. Carleton, E., M.W. Swaneyand and T. Eastwood. 2000. Soilless Culture of Horticultural Plants.

Agrobios, Jodhpur, India. 3. Palaniappan, S., and K. Annadurai. 2006. Organic Farming. Pawan Kumar, Scientific Pub., India. 4. Rai, N. and D.S. Yadav. 2005. Advances in Vegetable Production. Research Book Centre 25-B/21.

New Rohtak Road, Karol Bagh, New Delhi, India. HORT-518 BUSINESS MANAGEMENT IN HORTICULTURE 2(1-1) Theory

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Introduction and importance of business management; Global horticultural trade and Pakistan; Classified business management of horticultural crops; Marketing channels of horticultural crops in Pakistan; National/ International standards for marketing of horticultural crops (Citrus, Mango, Potato and cut flowers); Processing and value addition of Horticultural produce; WTO - opportunities and challenges. Practical Harvesting and postharvest handling of horticultural crops in relation to business management; Pre-feasibility study of establishing a horticultural enterprise (Citrus, Mango, Tunnel farming, cut flower farm and Horticultural plants nursery); Visit to processing industry. Suggested Readings 1. Kader, A. 2002. Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops. 3rd ed. Univ. California Press. Agri.

Natural Resources Publication 3311, USA. 2. Mitra, S.K. 1997. Postharvest Physiology and Storage of Tropical and Subtropical Fruits. CAB

International, NY, USA. 3. Wills, R., McGlasson, B., Grahm, D. and Joyce, D. 1998. Postharvest: An introduction to the

Physiology and Handling of Fruits, Vegetables and Ornamentals. 4th ed. UNSW Press, Sydney, Australia.

4. Internet HORT-603 BREEDING OF HORTICULTURAL CROPS 3(2-1) Theory Principles of plant breeding: Reproductive systems in horticultural crops; Self incompatibility and male sterility; Cytological basis of breeding; Heterosis, theories of heterosis; Role of mutation and polyploidy in breeding; Somatic selection and chimeras; Methods of breeding of self and cross pollinated crops; Apomixes; Centres of origin of important horticultural crops; Role of tissue culture tools in crop improvement. Practical Emasculation techniques; Polyembryony tests. Pollen testing; Inducing polyploidy by chemicals; Crossing in important fruit and vegetable crops. Suggested Readings

1. Eliot, E.C. 1982. Plants Breeding and Cytogenetics. McGraw Hill Book Co., NY, USA. 2. Khan, M. A. 1994. Plant Breeding. National Book Foundation, Islamabad. 3. Moore, J.N. and J. Janick, 1983. Methods in Fruit Breeding. Purduce University Press, West

Lafayette, Indian. 4. Simmonds, N.W. 1981. Principles of Crop Improvement. Longman and Co., NY, USA. 5. Razdan, M.K. 1993. An Introduction to Plant Tissue Culture. Oxford and IBH Pub., India. HORT-605 RESEARCH METHODS IN HORTICULTURE 3(2-1) Theory Delimitations; Areas of research in Horticulture; Research methodology, hypothesis and experimentation; Research parameters (Morphological, physiological, growth and yield characteristics); Sampling and data collection; Data processing, tabulation, analysis and interpretation of result; Computer application; Introduction to hardware and software. Practical Practices in field layout of experimental design; Sampling and data collection; In vitro techniques and

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laboratory practices in Physico-chemical analysis; Use of computer (Dos, World Processing, data processing and graphic) Suggested Readings 1. Hortiwitz, W. 1980. Official Methods of Analyses. Asso. Official Agricultural Chemists. Benjamin

Franklin Sta., Washington, D.C., USA. 2. Khan, I.A. 1992. Citriculture; Proceeding of the First International Seminar on Citriculture, Univ.

Press, Univ. Agri., Faisalabad 3. Lec1erg, E.L, W.H. Lenard and A.G. Clark. 1971. Field Plot Techniques. 2nd Ed. Burgress Pub. Co.,

426 South Street, Minnopoils, MA, USA. 4. Pearce, S.C. 1976. Field Experimentation with Fruit and Other Perennial Plants. Tech.

Communication No. 23. Common-Wealth Bureau of Hort. and Plantation Crops. East Malling Kent, England.

HORT-607 PROPAGATION AND NURSERY MANAGEMENT 4(2-2) Theory Propagation methods: sexual, asexual and importance of asexual methods in Horticulture; Raising of stock seedling; Pre-sowing treatments of seeds; Important nursery operations; Root stocks for different fruit species and varieties; Interactions of stock and scion, compatibility and congeniality of stock-scion union; Use of growth regulators for propagation purposes; Apomixis; Kinds of nurseries and management practices in nursery; Marketing. Practical Rising of rootstock seedling; Identification of rootstocks for different fruit plants; Practices in different preoperational methods; Callusing of cuttings; Practices in seed collection, seed treatment, raising nursery plants. Suggested Readings 1. Fretz, T.A., P.E. Read and M.C. Pekle. 1979. Plant Propagation Lab. Manual. Burgess Pub. Co.,

Minneapolis, MA, USA. 2. Davidson, D. and R Mecklenburg. 1981. Nursery Management: Administration and Culture.

Englewood Cliffs, Prentice-Hall, NJ, USA. 3. Hartmann, H.T., D.E. Kester, F.T. Davies and R. Geneve. 2010. Hartmann & Kester's Plant

Propagation: Principles and Practices. Pearson Higher Ed, USA. 4. Halfacre, RG and J.A. Barden. 1979. Horticulture. McGraw Hill Book Co., NY, USA. 5. Malik, M.N. 1994. Horticulture. National Book Foundation, Islamabad. HORT-609 COMMERCIAL FLOWER PRODUCTION 3(2-1) Theory Introduction; Environmental factors influencing plant growth; Soils: soil preparation, manures and fertilizers; Propagation, harvesting and packing of the following: (1) Major cut flower crops; carnation chrysanthemum, roses, snapdragon, orchids etc. (2) Miscellaneous cut flower crops; marigold, jasmine, aster, calendula, gerbera, pansy, stock, sweet, Peas, lilium, narcissus, tulip, tube rose etc. Practicals Identification, nursery raising, planting, cultural operations, harvesting and packing of important flowers for commercial production. Suggested Readings

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1. Armitage, A.M. and J.M. Laushman. 2003. Specialty Cut Flowers. 2nd ed. Timber Press, Portland, USA.

2. Dole, J.M. and H. F. Wilkins. 2004. Floriculture: Principles and Species. 2nd ed. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. USA.

3. Laurie, A., D.C. Kipliner and KS.S. Nelson. 1958. Commercial Flower Forcing. McGraw Hill Book Co., NY, USA.

4. LeGorice, E.B. 1965. Roses Growing Complete. Flow Faber and Faber 3-Queen Square, London, UK.

5. Salinger, J.P. 1985. Commercial Flower Growing. Bulter Worth Horticultural Books, USA. HORT-611 PREPARATION OF RESEARCH PROJECTS AND SCIENTIFIC WRITING 2(1-1) Theory Introduction; Objectives of research; Types of research; Defining the problem; Background reading; Preliminary outline; Synopsis write up; Preparation of PC-1; Allocation of budget; Editing and evaluation of final draft. Practical Assigning titles to the students; Exercise of writing research proposal; Exercise of collecting material from different sources on assigned topics; Oral presentation. Suggested Readings 1. Anderson, J., B.H. Durston and M. Poole, 1992. Thesis and Assignment Writing. Wiley Eastern

Ltd. New Delhi, India. 2. Gatner, E.S.M. and F. Cordasco. 1959. Research and Report Writing. Barnes and Boble, INC, NY,

USA. 3. Day, R.A. 1983. How to Write and Publish a Scientific Paper. ISI Press, Philadelphia, PA, USA. 4. Harkin, C and Sorgi, M. 1985. Research-How to plan, Speak and Write about it. Springer Verlag,

NY, USA. 5. Martin, M. 1996. The Spiral Guide to Research Writing. Mayfield Pub. Co., Mountain View, CL,

USA. HORT-612 Internship 6(0-6)

HORT-613 HARVEST AND HANDLING OF HORTICULTURAL CROPS 3(2-1) Theory Introduction and importance of postharvest science and technology; Economic aspects of postharvest management; Maturity indices for horticultural crops; Harvest and handling of important fruits, vegetables and flowers. Practical Tools and equipment used in harvest and handling of horticultural crops; Visit to fruit and vegetable market, cold stores, fruits grading, packaging units and flower markets; Practices in harvesting and postharvest handling of different fruits, vegetables and flowers. Suggested Readings 1. Armitage, A.M. and J.M. Laushman. 2003. Specialty Cut Flowers. 2nd Ed. Timber Press, Portland,

USA.

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2. Kader, A.A. 2002. Postharvest Technology of Horticulture Crops. University of California. Agriculture and Natural Resources. California, USA.

3. Kitinoja, L. and A.A. Kader. 2003. Small-Scale postharvest handling practices. A manual for Horticultural Crops. 4th Ed. University of California, Davis, Postharvest Technology Research and Information Centre, USA.

4. Malik, M.N. 1994. Horticulture. National Book Foundation. Islamabad. 5. Wills, R., B. McGlasson, D. Graham and D. Joyce. 1998. Postharvest. An Introduction to the

Physiology and Handling. Univ. New South Wales Press Ltd., Australia. HORT-615 TEMPERATE FRUITS 2(1-1) Theory Introduction and importance; Classification; Cultivation with reference to selection of sites and soils; Water requirements, mineral nutrition, propagation, planting systems a tree shapes, dormancy, pruning, flower bud formation, flowering, pollination and fruit set, fruit growth and development, ripening and fruit quality, plant protection, harvest and postharvest handling. Practical Establishment of orchard/layout systems; Identification of different temperate fruit crops on the basis of tree and fruit morphology; Bearing habit of temperate fruit crops; Propagation; General cultural practices with reference to pruning and training, irrigation, insect pest and disease management; Visit to a temperate zone fruit orchard. Suggested Readings 1. Childer, N.E., J.R. Morris, and G.S. Sibbert, 1995. Modern Fruit Science. Technical, Hrlow, Essex,

UK. Childers Publications, Gainesville, FL, USA. 2. Jakson, D.I. and N.E. Looney. 1999. Temperate and Subtropical Fruit Production. 2nd Ed. CABI

International, NY, USA. 3. LaRue, J.H. and R.S. Johnson. 1989. Peaches, Plums and Nectarines, Growing and Handling for

Fresh Market. Cooperative Extension, University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Pub. No. 3331, USA.

4. Malik, M.N. 1994. Horticulture. National Book Foundation, Islamabad. 5. Tromp J, A.D. Webster and S.J. Wertheim. 2005. Fundamentals of Temperate Zone Tree Fruit

Production. Backhuys Publishers, USA.

HORT-617 VEGETABLE AND FLOWER SEED PRODUCTION 2(1-1) Theory Introduction; Classification of vegetable and flower seed crops; Floral seed biology; Soil and climatic requirements; Breeding systems; Methods of seed production; Hybrid Seed production; Maturity Indices; Quality control; Postharvest handling, processing and seed storage; Seed testing and enhancement; Legislation and law enforcement. Practical Identification of vegetable and flower seeds; Practical performance of different methods; Crossing, isolation and pollination; Roughing, harvesting, threshing, cleaning, grading, packaging, storage and seed testing. Suggested Readings

15

1. McDonald, M.B. 1998. Seed Production Principles and Practices. CBS-Publisher & Distributer, New Dehli, India.

2. McDonald, M.B. and F.Y. Kwong. 2005. Flower Seeds (Biology and Technology). CAB International, Wallingford, UK.

3. Nepal, S., D.K. Sing and V. Kumar. 2006. Vegetable Seed Production Technology. International Book Distributory Co. Charbagh, Lucknow. India.

4. Sing, P. 2000. Vegetable Breeding, Production and Seed Production. Kalyani Pub., India. 5. Sing, P. 1999. Vegetable Seed Production Principles. Kalyani Pub., India. BOT-502 ADVANCED BOTANY 4(3-1) Theory Morphology and Anatomy: Plant parts, types, Roots; parts and types; Stem: parts and types: Leaf: types and ports: Petiole and stipule and their types; Flowers and inflorescences, their parts and types. Anatomical details of root, stem and leaf of moncot and dicot plants. Tissue systems, their structural and functional importance. Evolution: Fossil records, evolutionary tendencies; theories of evolution Mechanism of evolution and speciation; Gene flow and genetic drift, natural selection and its dynamics; Trade-offs and genetic correlations. Systematics: Brief history, different systems of classification. Phases of plant taxonomy. Rules of nomenclature, principles of priority and its limitations, concept of species, species aggregate. General characteristics, evolutionary trends, phyletic relations and economic importance of the families of angiosperm; 1. Apiaceae; 2. Asteraceae; 3. Brassicaceae; 4. Chenopodiaceae; 5. Convolvulaceae; 6. Cucurbitaceae; 7. Euphorbiaceae; 8. Fabaceae; 9. Liliaceae; 10. Poaceae; 11. Ranunculaceae; 12. Rosaceae; 13. Solanaceae. Cell Biology: Physico-chemical nature of plasma membrane and cytoplasm. Ultrastructures of plant cell with a brief description and functions of the organelles. Cell division and continuity in life. Physiology: Water and mineral relations of plants. Absorption and translocation of water and minerals. Essential mineral elements, role and deficiency symptoms of macronutrients. Photosynthesis: light and dark reactions. Differences between C3 and C4 plants. Factors affecting this process. Respiration; Respiratory substrates; Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation and energy balance, respiratory quotient, Growth and allometry; Photoperiodism: History, photoperiodic response of plants, phytochromes, cryptochromes, Plant hormones and their role in plant growth and development. Ecology and ecosystem: Branches of ecology, aims and applications of ecology; Succession, plant communities, vegetation sampling methods. Ecosystem; definition, types and components of ecosystem; Food chain and Food web. Causes, effects and control of water logging and salinity with respect to Pakistan; soil erosion; types, causes and effects; Pollution types and effects. Brief about biodiversity and conservation. Practical Preparation of permanent slides of pollen grains by acetolysis method and study of pollen characters; Free hand sections cutting of mono- and dicot stems and roots, leaves. Study of Cell structure and measuring cell size; Determination of uptake of water by swelling seeds placed in sodium chloride solution of different concentrations; Measurement of leaf water potential by the dye method; Extraction of chlorophyll from the leaves and study of absorption spectra using spectrophotometer; Determination of physico-chemical characteristics of soil; Measurement of vegetation by Quadrate and line intercept methods; Submission of properly mounted and fully identified 50 herbarium specimens; Identification of families and technical description of common flowering plants belonging to families mentioned in theory syllabus. Suggested Readings

16

1. Ali, S.I. and M. Qaiser. 1990-2007 to date. Flora of Pakistan. Karachi University Press, Karachi. 2. Hopkins, W.B. 2004. Introduction to Plant Physiology. 3rd Ed. John Willey & Sons, New York,

USA. 3. Hussain, F. 1989. Field and Laboratory Manual of Plan Ecology, UGC, Islamabad. 4. Mauseth, J.D. 1998. An Introduction to Plant Biology: Multimedia enhanced. Jones and Bartlett

Pub., UK. 5. Ricklefs, R.E. 2000. Ecology. W.H. Freeman and Co., UK. 6. Schultz, J.C. 2005. Plant Ecology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany. 7. Taiz, L. and E. Zeiger. 2010. Plant Physiology. 5th Ed. Sinauer Associates Inc., Sunderland, MA,

USA. BIOCHEM-502 FUNDAMENTAL BIOCHEMISTRY 3(2-1) Theory Carbohydrates: Definition and classification, monosaccharides; pyranose and furanose ring structures. Stereoisomerism and optical isomerism. Glycosidic bond, glycosides. Disaccharides; structures, occurrence and properties. Polysaccharides, structures, occurrence and chemical properties of starch, glycogen and cellulose. Carbohydrate metabolism, respiration, glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle and fermentation. Electron transport chain. Photosynthesis, energy conversion, carbon fixation, C3, C4 and CAM plant photorespiration. Proteins: Definition and classification, classification and structures of amino acids, essential and nonessential amino acids. Peptide bond, polypeptide chain and primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures of proteins. Biochemical functions of proteins. Enzymes and co-enzymes. Lipids: Definition and classification, structures and classification of fatty acids, essential and non-essential fatty acids. Ester formation, simple and mixed triglycerides. Fats and oils; hydrogenation, oxidation and rancidity, β-oxidation of fatty acids. Nucleic Acids: Structural and functional differences between DNA and RNA. Structures of DNA and RNA, Central Dogma and its significance. Fundamentals of DNA replication, transcription and transition. Practical Proximate analysis of food/plant materials for moisture, crude protein, crude fibres, ash, ether extract and nitrogen free extract. Determination of true protein and oil contents of plant materials. Estimation of vitamin-C and pectin in fruit juices. Estimation of glucose, fructose and starch in plant products. Suggested Readings 1. Boyer, R. 2009. Modern Experimental Biochemistry. 3rd Ed. Pearson Education. New Delhi,

India. 2. Heldt, H.W. and B. Piechulla. 2015. Plant Biochemistry. 4th Ed. Academic Press, Inc, New York. 3. Murray, R.K., D.A. Bender, K. M. Botham, P.J. Kennelly, V.W. Rodwell and P.A. Weil. 2012.

Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry. 29th Ed. McGraw Hill. NY, USA. 4. Nelson, D.L and M.M. Cox. 2013. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry. 6th ed. WH Freeman &

Company, New York. 5. Sawhney, S.K. and R. Singh. 2009. Introductory Practical Biochemistry. Narosa Publishing House,

New Delhi. 6. Shawn, O.F. and L. E. Taylor. 2009. Biochemistry Lab Manual. Cengage Learning, USA. 7. Taiz, L. and E. Zeiger. 2010. Plant Physiology. 5th ed. Sinauer Associates Inc., USA 8. Wilson, K. and J. Walker. 2010. Practical Biochemistry: Principles and Techniques. 7th Ed. Cambridge

University Press, UK.

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SCHEME OF STUDIES Courses Offered for M.Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture-Horticulture

Course # Title of the Course Credit hours

HORT-701 Rootstocks for Fruit Crops 3(2-1)

HORT-702 Citriculture 3(2-1)

HORT-703 Advances in Fruit Science 3(2-1)

HORT-704 Mango and Date Palm Culture 3(2-1)

HORT-705 Fruit Breeding 3(2-1)

HORT-706 Mineral Nutrition of Horticultural Crops 3(2-1)

HORT-707 Plant Growth Regulators 3(2-1)

HORT-708 Plant Tissue Culture 3(2-1)

HORT-709 Horticulture Seed Science 3(2-1)

HORT-710 Postharvest Physiology of Horticultural Crops 3(2-1)

HORT-711 Vegetable Breeding 3(2-1)

HORT-712 Bulb and Root Vegetable Crops 3(2-1)

HORT-713 Advances in Vegetable Science 3(2-1)

HORT-714 Solanaceous Vegetables 3(2-1)

HORT-715 Mushroom Biology and Technology 3(2-1)

HORT-716 Turfgrasses 3(2-1)

HORT-717 Environmental Horticulture 3(2-1)

HORT-718 Landscape Ecology 3(3-0)

HORT-719 Special Problem 1(1-0)

HORT-720 Seminar 1(1-0)

HORT-721 Landscape Designing 3(2-1)

HORT-722 Interior Plantscaping 3(2-1)

HORT-723 Spices and Condiments 3(2-1)

HORT-724 Pharmacology of Indigenous Medicinal Plants 3(2-1)

Contents of Courses

HORT-701 ROOTSTOCKS FOR FRUIT CROPS 3(2-1) Learning Objectives To understand selection, characterization and impact of rootstocks on different aspects of plant growth, development and physiology of important fruit crops. Theory

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Introduction and importance; Types of rootstocks; Rootstock propagation and maintenance; Compatibility and scion stock interactions; Adaptability of rootstocks to different soils and climatic conditions; Impact of rootstock on plant growth, fruit quality and stress resistance of important fruit crops; Breeding and biotechnology for rootstock improvement. Practical Identification, description and multiplication of important rootstocks; Seed treatments: stratification, scarification, soaking and chemical treatments; Polyembryony testing; Rootstocks propagation in field and in vitro; Screening of rootstocks under stress conditions; Visits of important research stations and experimental fruit gardens. Suggested Readings 1. Jackson, D., N. Looney, M. Morley-Bunker and G. Thiele (eds.). 2011. Temperate and Sub-

Tropical Fruit Production. 3rd Ed. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. 2. Layne, D.R. and D. Bassi. 2008. The Peach: Botany, Production and Uses. CAB International,

Wallingford, UK. 3. Litz, R.E. 2009. The Mango: Botany, Production and Uses. 2nd Ed. CAB International,

Wallingford, UK. 4. Khan, I.A. (ed.). 2007. Citrus Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology. CAB International,

Wallingford, UK. 5. Klerk, G.D., M.A. Hall and E.F. George. 2007. Plant Propagation by Tissue Culture. 3rd Ed.

Springer, Netherland.

HORT-702 CITRICULTURE 3(2-1) Learning Objectives Students will be able to learn about history, classification and advanced production technology, related to pre and postharvest management of citrus. Theory Introduction; Present status; Botany; Classification; Phonology; Mineral nutrition; Rootstocks; Planning and planting of citrus orchards; Planting densities; Water relations; Weed control; Pre and postharvest physiology; Insect pests and diseases; Special problems in citrus: decline, unfruitfulness, alternate bearing and fruit drop; Varietal improvements. Practical Foliage, flower and fruit description of citrus varieties; Identification of different rootstocks; Fertilizer application; Demonstration of nutrient deficiency symptoms; Citrus nursery sanitation practices; Identification of important insect pests, diseases and physiological disorders. Suggested Readings 1. Davies, F.S. and L.G. Allbrigo. 1994. Citrus. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. 2. Khan, I.A. (ed.). 2007. Citrus Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology. CAB International,

Wallingford, UK. 3. Ladaniya, M. 2008. Citrus Fruit: Biology. Technology and Evaluation. Elsevier Academic Press,

Netherlands. 4. Roy, P.S. and E.E. Goldschmidt. 1996. Biology of Citrus. Cambridge University Press, NY,

USA. 5. Ruther, W.1976. The Citrus Industry, Vol. I-V, Div. Agri. Sci., Univ. Calif., USA.

HORT-703 ADVANCED FRUIT SCIENCE 3(2-1)

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Learning Objectives Students will learn about physiology of fruit plants, modern orchard establishment and management practices. Theory Water relations; Tree nutrition; Light and temperature relations; Vegetative and reproductive physiology; Problems of flowering and fruit setting; Rest and dormancy; Advanced orchard management practices: high density plantation, irrigation, pruning, zero tillage, crop regulation and organic farming; Role of weather station installation in modern orchards; Postharvest physiology and marketing. Practical Field survey of orchards; Experiments for manuring, irrigation and zero tillage; Practices in pruning, training and fertilizer applications. Suggested Readings 1. Jackson, D., N.E. Looney and M. Morley-Bunker. 2010. Temperature and Subtropical Fruit

Production, 3rd Ed. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. 2. Khan, I.A. (ed.). 2007. Citrus Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology. CAB International,

Wallingford, UK. 3. Leopold, A.C. and P.E. Kriedman. 1975. Plant Growth and Development. McGraw Hill Book

Company, NY, USA. 4. Lind, K. 2003. Organic Fruit Growing. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. 5. Tromp, J., A.D. Webster and S.J. Wertheim. 2005. Fundamentals of Temperate Zone Tree Fruit

Production. Backhuys Publisher, Netherlands.

HORT-704 MANGO AND DATE PALM CULTURE 3(2-1) Learning Objectives To impart training on the physiology, production and management of mango and date palm orchards. Theory Introduction, botany and importance; Vegetative and reproductive physiology; Breeding and germplasm conservation; Management practices: pollination/bunch management, mineral nutrition, propagation, insect pests and disease management; Harvesting, postharvest physiology and processing. Practical Identification of different cultivars and their description; Practice in pollination, fertilization and propagation; Identification of various insect pests and diseases; Visit to mango and date palm orchards. Suggested Readings 1. Dowson, V.H.W. 1982. Date Production and Protection. Horticultural Crops Group. FAO, USA. 2. Litz, R.E. 2009. The Mango: Botany, Production and Uses. 2nd Ed. CAB International,

Wallingford, UK. 3. Naqvi. S.A.M.H. 2004. Diseases of Fruits and Vegetables: Diagnosis and Management. Kluwer

Academic Publishers, Netherlands. 4. Rieger, M. 2006. Introduction to Fruit Crops. The Haworth Press Inc., Canada. 5. Zaid. A. and E.J. Arias-Jiménez. 2002. Date Palm Cultivation. FAO, USA.

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HORT-705 FRUIT BREEDING 3(2-1) Learning Objectives To understand genetic principles and application of plant breeding and biotechnology methods for fruit crop improvement. Theory Objectives of fruit breeding; Importance, maintenance and preservation of germplasm resources; Pollen and seed management; Approaches for fruit crop improvement: introduction, selection, hybridization, mutation and polyploid breeding; Somatic hybridization; Breeding for disease and stress resistance; Molecular techniques for fruit crop improvement. Practical Study of blossom biology and anthesis patterns; Hybridization methods; Induced mutagenesis; In vitro techniques for crop improvement: embryo rescue, anther/pollen culture and ovule culture; Polyploid development and ploidy assessment; Screening for abiotic stress tolerance; DNA extraction and electrophoresis; Selectable markers for fruit breeding; Data collection and report writing. Suggested Readings 1. Janick, J. and J.N. Moore (eds.). 2011. Fruit Breeding: Vine and Small Fruits, Vol. II. Wiley,

Pvt. Ltd., India. 2. Jenks, M.A. and P.J. Bebeli. 2011. Breeding for Fruit Quality. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., USA. 3. Khan, I.A. (ed.). 2007. Citrus Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology. CAB International,

Wallingford, UK. 4. Kumar, A and S. Roy. 2006. Plant Biotechnology and Its Applications in Tissue Culture. I.K.

International, India 5. Litz, R.E. 2004. Biotechnology of Fruit and Nut Crops. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.

HORT-706 MINERAL NUTRITION OF HORTICULTURAL CROPS 3(2-1) Learning Objectives Apply concepts of plant nutrition in relation to productivity and quality management of horticultural commodities. Theory Nutrient elements in plants; Criteria of essentiality and role of nutrients in plants; Nutrient requirements and plant composition; Plant nutritional genomics; Mechanism and factors affecting absorption, translocation, assimilation and metabolism of nutrients; Nutrient interactions; Methods for evaluation of nutrient requirements; Effect of nutrients on plant growth, yield and quality of horticultural produce. Practical Diagnosis of mineral nutrient status in horticultural crops; Nutrition-related pot experiments; Soil, water and plant sampling and analysis techniques for mineral contents; Nutrient flux and balance calculation; Report writing and interpretation of results. Suggested Readings 1. Barker, A.V. and D.J. Pilbeam. 2015. Handbook of Plant Nutrition. 2nd Ed. CRC Press, Boca

Raton, FL, USA. 2. Marschner, P. 2012. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. 3rd Ed. Academic Press, London, UK.

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3. Mia, M.A.B. 2015. Nutrition of Crop Plants. Nova Publishers, NY, USA. 4. Sonneveld, C. and W. Voogt. 2009. Plant Nutrition of Greenhouse Crops. Springer, Netherlands. 5. Srivastava, A.K. 2012. Advances in Citrus Nutrition. Springer, Netherlands.

HORT-707 PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS 3(2-1) Learning Objectives To provide the understanding about the importance, classification and application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) in horticultural crops. Theory Introduction and classification of PGRs; Occurrence, distribution and role of PGRs and their relation with physiological activities; Theories of action and interaction of PGRs and other organic and inorganic plant growth substances; Applications in horticulture: seed treatments, propagation, growth, parthenocarpy, flowering, fruit thinning, control of pre-harvest drop, fruit maturity, dormancy, storage, insect pests, diseases and weed management. Practical Field experiments and laboratory studies; Data collection, report writing and interpretation of results. Suggested Readings 1. Cutler, S. and D. Bonetta. 2009. Plant Hormones: Methods and Protocols. Humana, University

of Michigan, USA. 2. Davies, P.J. 2004. Plant Hormones: Biosynthesis, Signal Transduction and Action. 3rd Ed.

Springer, NY, USA. 3. Hedden, P. and S.G. Thomas. 2006. Plant Hormone Signalling. Blackwell Publishing, USA. 4. Litwack, G. 2005. Plant Hormones. Academic Press, California, USA. 5. Srivastava, L.M. 2002. Plant Growth and Development: Hormones and Environment. Academic

Press, California, USA.

HORT-708 PLANT TISSUE CULTURE 3(2-1) Learning Objectives This course will develop the graduate capabilities of knowledge ability and comprehension in plant tissue culture principles, techniques, applications in agriculture, and practical skills to successfully culture plant cells and tissues. Theory Introduction; Principles of in vitro culture; Concept of plant morphogenesis; Problems in in-vitro cultures: Contamination, vitrification, phenolic exudation, genetic and epigenetic variations; Applications in agriculture and research; Commercial micropropagation: Production management, economic considerations and marketing. Practical Introduction to laboratory setup and equipments; Preparation of stock solutions and media; Maintenance of asepsis: media and explants; Callus, embryo, ovule, anther, cell suspension and protoplast cultures; Data collection, report writing and interpretation of results. Suggested Readings 1. Davey, M.R. and P. Anthony (eds.). 2010. Plant Cell Culture: Essential Methods. Wiley-

Blackwell, West Sussex, UK.

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2. Debergh, P.C. and R.H. Zimmerman. 1991. Micropropagation: Technology and Application. Kluwer Academic Publishers, London.

3. Gamborg, O.L. and G. Phillips. 1995. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture: Fundamental Methods. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.

4. Lambardi, M., E.A. Ozudogru and S.M. Jain (eds.). 2012. Protocols for Micropropagation of Selected Economically-Important Horticultural Plants (Methods in Molecular Biology). Springer-Humana Press, NY, USA.

5. Scoggins, H. and M. Bridgen. 2013. Plants from Test Tubes: An Introduction to Micropropogation. 4th Ed. Timberland Press, London, UK.

HORT-709 HORTICULTURE SEED SCIENCE 3(2-1) Learning Objectives To impart scientific knowledge regarding horticultural crops seed production, processing, storage and distribution. Theory Introduction: concept and importance; Seed formation and development; Seed dormancy and germination; Seed production planning and technology; Open pollinated and hybrid seed production; Climate change and seed production; Maintenance of genetic purity and GMO’s seeds; Seed harvesting techniques; Seed priming, conditioning and handling; Seed quality testing; Seed aging and deterioration; Seed packaging, storage and marketing; Seed registration, certification and IPR; Seed pathology, health and phyto-sanitation. Practical Seed moisture determination; Physical test of seed lot; Germination and seed vigour tests; Seed priming; Seed production techniques; Seed extraction, drying, packaging and storage; Visits to seed processing and storage facilities. Suggested Readings 1. Albrechtsen, S.E. 2006. Testing Methods for Seed Transmitted Viruses: Principles and Protocols.

CAB International, Wallingford, UK. 2. Basra, A.S. 2006. Handbook of Seed Science and Technology. Food Product Press, An Imprint of

the Haworth Press, Inc. New York, USA. 3. Copeland, W.O. and M.B. McDonald. 1983. Principal of Seed Science and Technology. 4th Ed.

Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands. 4. Georage, R.A.T. 2009. Vegetable Seed Production. 3rd Ed. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. 5. McDonald, M.B. and W.O. Copeland. 1989. Seed Science and Technology Laboratory Manual.

Iowa State University Press, USA.

HORT. 710 POSTHARVEST PHYSIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY OF HORTICULTURAL CROPS 3(2-1) Learning Objectives Student will learn about physiology and technology of fresh horticultural produce to extend their postharvest shelf and storage life with best quality. Theory Postharvest physiology and technology: an overview; Perishable and non-perishable crops; Structure and composition; Pre and postharvest factors affecting postharvest life and quality; Physical, chemical and biochemical processes during maturation, ripening and senescence; Pack house layout and organisation; Regulation of ripening; Role and regulation of storage environment;

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Transportation: land, air, and sea; Postharvest physiological and pathological disorders; Postharvest treatments for export market access; Consumer issues and quality assurance. Practical Machinery and equipment used in postharvest handling, storage and transport; Determination of maturity indices; Ethylene production and respiration; Produce grades and standards; Packages and packaging methods; Assessment of postharvest losses; Visit to various pack-house, cold stores and markets. Suggested Readings 1. Beattie, B.B., W.B. McGlasson and N.L. Wade (eds.). 1989. Postharvest Diseases of

Horticultural Produce Vol. I: Temperate Fruit. CSIRO Publication, Victoria, Australia. 2. Beattie, B.B., W.B. McGlasson and N.L. Wade (eds.). 1995. Postharvest Diseases of

Horticultural Produce Vol. II: Tropical Fruit. CSIRO Publication, Victoria, Australia. 3. Kader, A. 2002. Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops. 3rd Ed. University of California

Press, Berkley, USA. 4. Siddiqui, M.W. (ed.). 2015. Postharvest Biology and Technology of Horticultural Crops:

Principles and Practices for Quality Maintenance. CRC Press, FL, USA. 5. Yahia, E.M. 2009. Modified and Controlled Atmospheres for Storage, Transportation and

Packaging of Horticultural Commodities. CRC Press, FL, USA.

HORT-711 VEGETABLE BREEDING 3(2-1) Learning Objectives Students will learn about germplasm collection evaluation and application breeding program to produce open pollinated and hybrid varieties of vegetable crops. Theory Objectives of vegetable breeding; Planning breeding programs: Development of inbred lines; General and specific combining ability; Exploitation of male sterility; Hybrid seed production; Importance of germplasm and its maintenance; Breeding for biotic and abiotic stress resistance; Breeding of important vegetable crops; Improvement of asexually propagated vegetables; Application of molecular markers in vegetable breeding. Practical Study of floral characteristics of important self and cross pollinated vegetables; Crossing techniques for important self and cross pollinated vegetables. Suggested Readings 1.Bassett. M.J. 1986. Breeding Vegetable Crops. AVI Publishing Company, Inc., Westport,

Connecticut, USA. 2.Prophens, J. and F. Nuez. 2009. Vegetables I: Asteraceae, Brassicaceae,

Chenopodicaceae, and Cucurbitaceae. Springer, India. 3.Prophens, J. and F. Nuez. 2009. Vegetables II: fabaceae, Liliaceae, Solanaceae, and

Umbelliferae. Springer, India. 4.Ram, H.H. 2005. Vegetable Breeding: Principles and Practices. Kalyani Publishers, New

Dehli, India. 5.Singh, P. 2013. Essentials of Plant Breeding. Kalyani Publishers, India.

HORT-712-BULB AND ROOT VEGETABLE CROPS 3(2-1)

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Learning Objectives Students will learn about taxonomy, physiology, crop production, seed production, harvesting and postharvest handling of bulb and root vegetable crops. Theory Introduction: importance, origin and distribution; Morphology and taxonomy; Growth and developmental physiology; Production technology and associated problems; Crop protection and weed management; Breeding and seed production; Harvesting, postharvest handling, storage, value addition and marketing. Practical Sowing techniques; Cultural practices; Identification and management for insect pests, diseases, nutrient deficiencies and disorders; Harvesting, handling and storage; Selection procedures for seed production of bulb and root crops. Suggested Readings 1. Bailey, L.H., 2009. Principles of Vegetable Cultivation. Discovery Publishing House, Pvt. Ltd.,

New Delhi, India. 2. Bessin, R., T. Coolong, J. Masabni, J. Strang and K. Seebold. 2009. Vegetable Production Guide

for Commercial Growers. University of Kentucky, College of Agriculture, UK. 3. George, R.A.T. 2009. Vegetable Seed Production. Longman Group. Ltd., UK. 4. Koike, S.T., P. Gladders and A.O. Paulus. 2007. Vegetable Diseases: A Colour Hand Book.

Academic Press, Burlington, USA. 5. Rubatzky, V.E., C.F. Quiros and P.W. Simon. 1999. Carrots and Related Vegetable

Umbelliferae. CAB International, NY, USA.

HORT-713 ADVANCES IN VEGETABLE SCIENCE 3(2-1) Learning Objectives Student will learn about various modern and mechanized nursery raising and vegetable production techniques. Theory Introduction and overview of vegetable industry; Principles of crop establishment, flower induction and correlative growth in vegetables; Mechanization in vegetable production; Environmental influences on growth, development and yield; Organic vegetable production; Controlled environmental vegetable production; Soilless culture and hydroponics in vegetables; Hybrid and tetraploid seed production and seedlessness in the vegetables (watermelon, cucumber, tomatoes etc.); Improvement of indigenous crops; Horticultural substrates; Genetics, biotechnology and germplasm conservation. Practical Structural demonstration of glass greenhouses and plastic tunnels; Preparation and pasteurization of different types of substrates; Raising and transplanting of vegetable seedlings; Methodology in organic vegetable production; Visits of plastic tunnels and greenhouses. Suggested Readings 1. Abbasi, N.A. and U. Habib. 2008. Protected Horticulture. Department of Horticulture,

Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. 2. Dawling, P. 2013. Sustainable Market Farming: Intensive Vegetable Production on a

Few Acres. New Society Publishers, Virginia, USA.

25

3. Holmer, R., G. Linwattana, P. Nath and J.D.H. Keatinge. 2013. High Value Vegetables in Southeast Asia: Production, Supply and Demand. AVRDC-World Vegetable Center, Taiwan.

4. Nandwani, D. 2016. Organic Farming for Sustainable Agriculture, Springer, Switzerland.

5. Welbaum, G. E. 2015. Vegetable Production and Practices. Virginia Tech University, USA.

HORT-714 SOLANACEOUS VEGETABLES 3(2-1) Learning Objectives Student will learn about status, importance, latest production technology, plant protection measures, diseases and postharvest handling of solanaceous vegetables crops. Theory Introduction: importance, origin and distribution; Morphology and classification; Plant growth and development; Production technology under field and controlled conditions; Production constraints; Breeding, seed production and germplasm conservation; Insect pests, diseases and disorders management; Environmental influences on growth, development and yield. Practical Nursery raising and transplanting techniques; Management practices; Identification and management of insect pests, diseases, nutrient deficiencies and disorders; Practices in maturity indices, harvesting, postharvest handling and storage; Economic feasibility of open vs protected cultivation of selected crops. Suggested Readings 1. Bailey, L.H. 2009. Principles of Vegetable Cultivation. Discovery. Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.,

New Dehli, India. 2. Bessin, R., T. Cooling, J. Sttrang and K. Seebold. 2009. Vegetable Production Guide for

Commercial Growers. University of Kentucky, College of Agriculture, UK. 3. Bhat, K.L. 2011. Brinjal. Publisher Astral International Pvt. Ltd., India. 4. Dave DeWitt, D. and P.W. Bosland. 2009. The Complete Chile Pepper Book: A Gardener's

Guide to Choosing, Growing, Preserving and Cooking. Timber Publishing Press. London, UK. 5. Everhart, C.H. 2010. The Complete Guide to Growing Tomatoes: Everything You Need to Know

Explained. Atlantic Publishing Company, USA.

HORT-715 MUSHROOM BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY 3(2-1) Learning Objectives The students will learn about identification, production, nutritional profiling, postharvest handling and commercialization of mushrooms. Theory History and importance; Status of mushroom industry; Mushroom biology and classification; Construction and design of mushroom houses; Spawn production; Composting and substrate preparation; Cultivation technology of commercially important mushrooms; Growth and fruiting; Postharvest handling and storage of mushrooms; Insect pests and disease management; Economics of mushroom production. Practical

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Identification of edible and poisonous mushrooms; Media preparation and isolation of pure cultures; Spawn preparation techniques; Compost/substrate preparation and pasteurization; Crop management practices; Identification of insect pest, diseases and disorders; Visits of commercial mushroom farms. Suggested Readings 1. Chang, S. T. and P.G. Miles. 2004. Mushrooms: Cultivation, Nutritional Value,

Medicinal Effect, and Environmental Impact. 2nd Ed. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. USA. 2. Flegg, P.B., D.M. Spencer and D.A. Wood. 1985. The Biology and Technology of the

Cultivated Mushroom. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., NJ, USA. 3. Gaze, R. H. and J. T. Fletcher. 2008. Mushroom Pest and Disease Control: A Color

Handbook. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA. 4. Marley, G.A. 2009. Mushrooms for Health: Medicinal Secrets of Northeastern Fungi.

Versa Press, East Peoria, Ill, USA 5. Stamets, P. and J.S. Chilton. 1983. The Mushroom Cultivator: A Practical Guide to

Growing Mushrooms at Home. Agarikon Press, Olympia, WA, USA.

HORT-716 TURFGRASSES 3(2-1) Learning Objective This course is designed to impart training on the physiology, production and management of turf grasses. Theory Introduction: history, importance and uses; Classification of turf grasses; Plant parts and their functions; Plant growth and development; Lawn establishment and maintenance; Mowing turf grasses; Irrigation systems for lawns; Major lawn insect pests, diseases and disorders; Lawn renovation. Practical Collection and identification of lawn grasses; Field training in lawn establishment. Visit to golf courses and parks; Identification and learning use of equipment and machinery used in lawn maintenance. Suggested Readings 1. Christians N. 2011. Fundamentals of Turfgrass Management. 4th Ed. John Wiley and Sons Ltd.,

UK. 2. Hessayon, D.G. 1997. Lawn Experts. Transworld Publishers, London, UK. 3. James, J.B. 2002. Turf Management for Golf Courses. 2nd Ed. Golf Association, USA

(Reprint 2007). 4. Pessarakli, M. 2007. Handbook of Turfgrass Management and Physiology. CRC Press,

FL, USA. 5. Rodney, J. 2004. Turfgrass Installation Management and Maintenance. McGraw-Hill

Book Company, NY, USA.

HORT-717 ENVIRONMENTAL HORTICULTURE 3(2-1) Learning Objectives

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Student will learn about identification of contemporary environmental issues associated with horticulture/ landscape industry and application of modern interventions and plant selections to overcome these problems. Theory Introduction to environment: definitions, basic concepts, history and current scenario; Components of environment: physical and human environment; Stages of eco-human development; Contemporary global environmental concerns and their impact; Sustainable development; Agenda 21: Role of horticulture and environment; Plant human relationship; Horticultural therapy and amenity horticulture; Social and ecological role of horticulture in modern life; Environment and plant responses; Pollutants and their types; Phytoremediation; Role of plants in climate amelioration; Selection of plants for various environments; Plants for dust, noise, erosion, wind and gaseous pollution control. Practical Identification and selection of plants for various environments; Calculation of air pollution tolerance index of various ornamental plants; Estimation of plants impact on amelioration of microclimate of buildings; Estimation of ecological footprints; Current eco-friendly horticultural interventions for environmental control in problem areas; Visit to potential institutions (waste water treatment plant, biodiversity park, environmental protection agency etc.). Suggested Readings 1. Botkin, D.B. and E.A. Keller. 2007. Environmental Science: Earth as a Living Planet. 6th Ed.

John Wiley & Sons, USA. 2. Cameron, R. and J.D. Hitchmough. 2016. Environmental Horticulture: Science and Management

of Green Landscapes. CAB Internationals, Wallingford, UK. 3. Graham, H. and C. Hunter. 1996. Sustainable Cities, Jessica Kingstey Publishers, London. 4. Marsalek, J., D. Sztruhar, M. Giulianelli and B. Urbonas. 2004. Enhancing Urban Environment

by Environmental Upgrading and Restoration. Springer, Heidelberg, NY, USA. 5. McKinney, M. L., R.M. Schoch and L. Yonavjak. 2007. Environmental Science: Systems and

Solutions. 4th Ed. Jones & Bartlett Publishers, USA.

HORT-718 LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY 3(3-0) Learning Objectives The students will learn about contemporary environmental issues related to urban landscape and use of ecological approaches in planning and management of urban green structures. Theory Landscape interpretations and introduction to the ecological approach to landscape design; Cities and their environmental problems; Atmospheric, land and water pollution; Urban form and functions: urban and natural process; Urban design and natural environment; Sustainable environment and sustainable cities; Cities green structure: social and ecological functions, ecologically sound development; Plants in modern cities; City farming; Urban biodiversity; Management guidelines for sustainable urban development. Suggested Readings 1. Carson, R. 1962. Silent Spring. Houghton Mifflin Company Boston, NY, USA (Reprint 2002). 2. Hitchmough, J. 1994. Urban Landscape Management. Inkata Press, Sydney, Australia. 3. Houghton, G.I. and C. Hunter 1996. Towards Sustainable Cities. Ashgate Publishing Ltd., UK

(Reprint 2004). 4. Hough, M. 1995. Cities and Natural Process. Routledge, London, UK (Reprint 2004).

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5. Maciocco, G. 2015. Urban and Landscape Perspectives. Vol. 2. Springer, NY, USA.

HORT-719 Special Problem 1(1-0)

HORT-720 Seminar 1(1-0)

HORT-721 LANDSCAPE DESIGNING 3(2-1) Learning Objectives Impart training about landscape designing, management and maintenance. Theory Introduction and importance; Establishing landscape business; Theoretical basis for developing design: elements and principles of design; Design site assessments and survey techniques; Drawing up the landscape plan; Drawing techniques: use of advanced computer softwares (CAD’s); Plants for design: plants as structural elements, structural characteristics of plants, spatial functions of plants in the landscape and creating spaces with plants; Hard landscape designing: pavements, lights, water features, rocks, walls, fences and steps etc; Modern concepts in designing urban green spaces; Presenting landscape work plans. PRACTICAL: Field training in site analysis and surveying; Assigned project: drawing using landscape designing softwares, presentation, cost estimation and written report. Suggested Readings 1. Alexander, R. 1996. A Handbook of Garden Designers. Wardlock, London, UK (Reprint,

2003). 2. David, S. 2005, Landscape Construction. 2nd Ed. Thomson Delmar Learning, USA. 3. Jack, E.I. 2006. Landscaping Principles & Practices. 6th Ed. Thomson Delmar Learning,

USA. 4. Maciocco, G. 2015. Urban and Landscape Perspectives. Vol. 2. Springer, NY, USA. 5. Robinson, N. 2002. The Planting Design. Gower Publishing Co. Ltd., USA.

HORT-722 INTERIOR PLANTSCAPING 3(2-1) Learning Objectives The students will learn methods for designing and arranging interior plants, also, their management and maintenance. Theory History; Introduction to interior plantscaping industry; Principles of interior plantscaping; Propagation methods and use of important indoor plants; Management of interior environment; Commercial use of containers, planters, water features and specialized interior structures; Impact of interior plantscaping on people and environment; Fresh and dry flower arrangements. Practical Project design and installation; Training in fresh and dry flower arrangements; Preparation of specialized interior structures. Suggested Readings 1. Appell, S.D. 2000. Landscaping Indoors. Brooklyn Botanic Gardens, UK. 2. Hessayan, D.G. 2005. House Plant Experts. Expert Books, London, UK.

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3. James M. 2012. Interior Plantscaping: Principles and Practices. 1st Ed. Cengage Learning, Boston, USA.

4. Norah T. H. 2012. The Art of Floral Design. 3rd Ed. Cengage Learning; Boston, USA 5. Paula, P. and K. Summers. 2004. The Complete Book of Floral Design. Rizzoli

International Publications, USA.

HORT-723 SPICES AND CONDIMENTS 3(2-1) Learning Objectives Students will learn about production technology, products and specifications of spices and condiments being used in the world. Theory Introduction: History, importance and distribution; Cultivation and management of commercially important plants; Good agricultural practices; Processing and manufacturing; Chemical properties; Standard specification of products and marketing; Aroma therapy. Practical Survey and identification of commercially important spices and condiments; Nursery raising and cultivation; Economic production feasibility; Extraction of essential oils and active ingredient. Suggested Readings 1. Evans, C.W. and W. Trease. 2009 Pharmacogonosy. Saunders Publishers, USA. 2. Parthasarathy, V.A. and B Chempakam (eds.). 2008. Chemistry of Spices. CAB International,

Wallingford, UK. 3. Pengelly, A. 2004. The Constituents of Medicinal Plants: An Introduction to the Chemistry and

Therapeutics of Herbal Medicine. 2nd Ed. Allen & Unwin, NSW, Australia. 4. Ulbricht, C.E. and E. Seamon. 2010. Natural Standard Herbal Pharmacotherapy: An Evidence-

based Approach. Saunders Publishers, USA. 5. Weiss, E. A. 2002. Spices Crops. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.

HORT-724 PHARMACOLOGY OF INDIGENOUS MEDICINAL PLANTS 3(2-1) Learning Objectives Students will learn different system of health being practiced and medicinal plants being used in these systems as medicines. Theory Introduction to ethno medicine; Unani system of health and medicine; Traditional Chinese medicine; Homeopathy; Herbal medicine and herbal pharmacopeias; Phytopharmacology and phytotherapy; “Mizaj” or temperament in Eastern medicine elements and medicinal plants; Pharmacology of important indigenous medicinal plants. Practical Identification of medicinal plants; In-vivo and in-vitro experiments to demonstrate effects of medicinal plants on rats and rabbits. Seminar and group discussions; Visit to local herbal manufacturing units. Suggested Readings 1. Evans, C.W. and W. Trease. 2009 Pharmacogonosy. Saunders Publishers, USA.

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2. Parrotta, J. 2001 Healing Plants of Peninsular India. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. 3. Pengelly, A. 2004. The Constituents of Medicinal Plants: An Introduction to the Chemistry and

Therapeutics of Herbal Medicine. 2nd Ed. Allen & Unwin, NSW, Australia. 4. Remington, J. 2005 The Science and Practice of Pharmacy. 21st Ed. Philadelphia Publisher, USA 5. Watson, R. and V.R. Preedy. 2008. Botanical Medicine in Clinical Practice. CAB International,

Wallingford, UK.