IGS June-Imagine Design Freedom

8192019 IGS June-Imagine Design Freedom

httpslidepdfcomreaderfulligs-june-imagine-design-freedom 1649intelligent glass solutions

E x e c u t i v e B o a r d r o o m C o m m e n t a r y

ImaginehellipDesign FreedomStructural Glazingamp High Performance

BuildingMarkus Plettau Marketing ManagerHigh Performance Building Europe Dow Corning

Sigurd Sitte Application EngineerHigh Performance Building Europe Dow Corning

Euridice Feluy BelgiumCrystal clear bondingPoint fixed structural glazing with Dow CorningtradeTSSA


httpslidepdfcomreaderfulligs-june-imagine-design-freedom 2650 intelligent glass solutions


Design freedom enables architects to realizetheir vision Highest possible buildings filigreeconstruction slim designs specific shapes hightransparency maximum light transmissionlarge glass areas colour ndash all these elementscan be limited by increasingly stringent

technical requirements Global warming andclimatic changes drive efforts to reduce CO2 emissions and promote consideration of energyefficiency sustainability life cycle analysis andembodied energy

Durability is assumed to be a given along thewhole life cycle of a building whereas extremesin temperature wind earthquakes safetyprecautions and others challenge the ability ofarchitects to exercise creativity

Structural glazing is a proven and establishedtechnology which has been available formore than 45 years Structural silicones helpaddress these technical challenges enablehigh performance buildings and provideDesign Freedom

Ultimate Design Elements -

Transparency Shape amp Colour

If architects were to define ldquodesign freedomrdquoultimate transparency almost invisible subconstruction ultimate shape and colour

flexibility would likely be mentioned

Capital Gate in Abu Dhabi is just one examplewhere pure design is combined with hightechnical functionality

With a facade constructed from 23000 squaremeters of glass and steel the iconic CapitalGate is the worldrsquos most inclined high risebuilding It has 35 storeys is 160m tall and isthe centerpiece of the business and residentialCapital Centre development

The tower leans 18 degrees westward whichis 14 degrees more than the Leaning Tower ofPisa With floor plates that are staggered fromthe 10th floor up the building leans and twistslike a corkscrew as it reaches skywards creatingan image which looks different from everydirection

Apart from Building Design technicalrequirements and complexity is becomingmore and more important The Infrax Building(Picture 2) impressively combines both leading

to a structural bonding design withoutmechanical retention The construction of

an office warehouse and storage facility withimportant features of sustainability and lowenergy consumption was commissioned bythe West-Flanders Energy Company Covering4800 m983218 the building is configured on three

levels and incorporates a double skin facade toprovide high thermal insulation of the buildingshell and provide better acoustic insulationbetween the busy ring road and the offices

The extensive use of glass provides maximumtransparency and allows ample daylightto reach the building occupants whilst thewindows are set well back in the intelligentfaccedilade to shield them from direct sun radiation

Extraction and storage of energy from the soil

through the use of a borehole energy storagefield combined with a high performance water

pump powered by photovoltaic solar cellsintegrated in the facade is just one of the manysustainable characteristics of this remarkablestructure This provides low temperatureheating during the winter months

This sustainable and energy efficient designrequired fixation of the thermally efficientinsulating glass units in the ceiling andserigraphic glass panels on the external skinof the building facade

In order to permit such design versatility it wasnecessary to take into consideration the weightlimitations of the curtain wall and roofingstructure when selecting the method offixation whilst ensuring that the final aesthetic

appearance of the building remained withinthe architectsrsquo original vision

NFRAX Tournhout BelgiumDesign amp PeformanceColoured double-skin facadeStructurally glazed with Dow Corningtrade993 - No mechanical retention

Princess Elisabeth StationExtreme Performance Dow Corningtrade3362 structural sealant for insulating glassat -50degC




Structural bonding technology enabledthe glass to be attached without the use ofmechanical retention thereby reducing theoverall weight and improving the appearanceof the ceiling and facade It is noteworthy and

quite exceptional for a glazed ceiling to beattached purely through the use of a structuralsilicone without any other form of fixation

This structural bond transfers the wind loadto the supporting structure withstandingtension compression and differential thermalmovement It also provides outstandinglongevity and low maintenance offeringsignificant cost efficiency throughout the lifecycle of a building

Colour is a key design element which influencesbuilding aesthetics and its character Specific

colour requirements with regard to structuralsilicone components can be addressed

Whereas black is the preferred colour thereis an increasing trend towards grey shades or

even white This colour choice supports designflexibility

Brighter Lighter amp Sustainable

Increased glazed areas and reduced framesize are general trends which offer additionalbenefitsFrom the outside one can enjoy pure glassaesthetic

Pure glass aesthetics agrave Less thermal bridging(metallic faccedilade penetration) agrave Improved

energy efficiency

More glass agrave Higher transparency agrave More lightquality of life agrave Increased solar heat gain

Structural glazing enables sleek flush faccediladedesigns and can contribute to energy

efficiency The increased solar heat gain canbe advantageous in colder periods of the year(mainly spring and autumn) but it is clear thatthe advantages of solar heat gain of buildingsin northern Europe compared to buildings insouthern Europe may be completely differentIntelligent glass solutions incorporated intothe insulating glass can address area specificrequirements

Sustainability is important with energyefficiency durability and faccedilade maintenance

being key contributors However embeddedenergy levels of used building components

Capital Gate Abu DhabiDesign amp PerformanceGlass amp Structural Silicones




are quite different and provide an opportunity

for thought A reduction in different materialcomponents used in a faccedilade can positivelyimpact the equation of embedded energyWhereas structural silicones represent less than~05-1 percent of the total faccedilade cost othercomponents like glass and metal contributemuch more to the embedded energy level

One way to improve overall sustainabilitycould be to adjust the aspects of the metalsub construction This requires specific systemdevelopment and is typically determined long

before the final decision for a structural glazingor mechanical design is taken

Durability ndash Structural Silicones

under extreme conditions

Durability of building components feelslike a small detail and is often assumed tobe a given As the worldrsquos climate changesdue to high carbon dioxide emissions theconditions regarding wind and hurricaneloads temperature extremes etc will becomemore stringent Therefore durability has animportant fundamental contribution to asustainable low maintenance and long lastingbuilding

There are two extremes impressivelydemonstrating durability of long-term proven

structural glazing technology The PrincessElisabeth Research Station and the Burj Khalifa Tower With the most extreme meteorologicalconditions known to man air temperatures of

-50degC to -5degC and maximum wind speeds of250 kmh durability enters a new dimension The Princess Elisabeth is the first ever lsquozeroemissionrsquo research station constructed in theAntarctic running entirely on renewable energy The International Polar Foundation (IPF) andits technical partners have taken a pioneeringstep forward in the domain of sustainabledevelopment and in doing so proved that if itis possible to construct such a building in theAntarctic it is possible to do this anywhere inthe world

Durability and long-lasting performance wasparamount The window system is a doubleskin of insulating glass units with a 400mmspace in between The insulating glass units arecomposed of a triple insulating and laminatedglass system that use Heat Mirrortrade technologyand high performance structural silicones

By nature the structural silicones selected arecharacterized by their high tensile and tearstrength long-term flexibility resistance toharsh weather temperature extremes and UVlight They became a perfect fit for helpingthe station reduce its ecological footprintthrough energy savings in Antarcticarsquos fragileenvironment

The other extreme is demonstrated by theworldrsquos tallest building the Burj Khalifa Herethe challenge was to specify products thatcan withstand the rigors of high temperatureUV light seismic activity and inclementweather conditions In addition large areasof the curtain wall which in total is equivalent

in size to 17 soccer fields are positioned atextreme height which in turn brings a newset of technical challenges This iconic projecthas overcome the greatest of challenges andtechnical difficulties not least of which are thewind forces dominating the structural design ofthe tower

Whereas in Europe typical norms and standardsstate maximum wind loads of 26 to 30 kPa(Eurocode DIN 1055 etc) the Burj Khalifa wasdesigned to withstand up to 7 kPa to cover

weather extremes which might occur only oncein 25 years A total of 103000 square meters of

Burj Khalifa Abu DhabiExtreme PerformanceWindloads up to 7kPa and hot desert climateDow Corning trade993 Structural Silicone for long-term durability




glass was used in the cladding panels Theseadvanced panels maximize resistance againstheat transmission from the sun and save energythrough the use of sophisticated engineeringtechniques which include high performancereflective glazing

Air tightness of buildings is of increasingimportance as air infiltration negatively impactsthe thermal efficiency of buildings Therefore anair-tight faccedilade skin is desirable throughout thelife time of a building Durability is important toensure a sustainable and long lasting designExtreme weather conditions around the worldhave a direct impact on technical capability andlong-term functionality of enabling structuralsilicones and therefore the overall faccediladeHere again silicones are the material of choice

withstanding harshest weather conditions

Energy Efficiency ndash Gas-filled

Insulating Glass

Today gas-filled insulating glass (IG) is stateof the art In structural glazing constructionthe edge of an IG unit is typically exposed totemperature sun and UV radiation

Conventional organic secondary sealants arenot long term UV stable and therefore notsuitable in a UV and high temperature exposed

environment Structural silicone is tailor-madeto resist these elements and is able to pass theEN 1279 for gas filled insulating glass The gasloss rates are below the required limits andindicate long term durability Calculated fora period of 25 years there is still gas contentabove 80 in the insulating glass unit Prime Tower in Zuerich is one of the most recentexamples of triple IG in a modern structuralglazing design providing low ug values

Ultimate Structural Performance

- High Strength versus Thermal

Movement

From a design aspect larger glass units arebeneficial Following this trend structuralsilicones must accommodate this increase andwithstand a range of dynamic loads includingmoderate to extreme weather conditions Technically there are two things to take intoconsideration

Bigger glass units Higher loads to beaccommodated by the structural siliconeBigger glass units Increased thermal elongation

between glass and frame to be accommodatedby the structural sealant

The first point could be addressed by a newtechnology development providing higher

structural strength However if a structuralsilicone becomes stiffer the movementcapability is typically reduced

Worst case examples are high strength bondingtechnologies like acrylates which transferextreme loads but cannot accommodatesignificant movement which would resultin the failure of the faccedilade element ieglass breakage There is a trade off betweenmovement capability and structural capabilityHigh strength sealants also show a significant

increase in stress levels at the adhesioninterface This in combination with thermal

movement needs consideration as it cannegatively impact adhesion durability

The Flame Towers Baku as well as the HarpaConcert Hall in Iceland are interesting exampleswhere large unit sizes (15m x 35m) andhigh thermal movement are combined withextreme wind loads

In the case of Baku Flame Towers plannedby the engineering and faccedilade consultingoffice Prof Sobek wind loads up to 75 kPahave been considered whereas the thermalmovement under high temperature has been

accommodated by the structural silicone (~25movement capability for largest possible units

Flame Towers Baku AzerbaijanHigh Strength (021 MPa)High Movement (25)Windloads up to 75 kPa large glass unitsDow Corning trade993 Structural SiliconeSupplied by Engineering amp Facade Consultant OfficeProfessor Sobek

Harpa BuildingHigh strength (021MPa)High Movement (25)Dow Corning trade993 Structural SiliconePleasing design and sustainability aspects




-one of the highest possible in the market)Structural joints have been calculated accordingto a specific finite element analysis with asignificantly increased design value whilst usingwell established proven structural siliconetechnology (021 MPa according to ETA)

combined with its high movement capabilityOf course these examples may be extremesbut it impressively underlines what this proventechnology is able to perform Technical designflexibility enabled by high strength and highmovement leads to design freedom for thearchitect

New Generation of

Crystal Clear Bonding

Crystal clear bonding has now become a realitywith the latest development for structural

bonding applications In opposite to standardstructural glazing (linear bonded) wheremovement capability plays an important rolein point fixed structural glazing applicationsit is less critical Here high strength is keyCombined with a crystal clear appearance thisopens new design opportunities for point fixedapplications regarding aesthetics structuraldesigns and energy efficiency

Dow Corning reg TSSA (Transparent StructuralSilicone Adhesive) is a new generation crystal

clear structural silicone specifically designedfor point fixed facades Used to bond the boltfixing to the glass it is capable of a designload which is 10 times higher than traditionalstructural glazing sealants

This new technology enables sleek flushfacades without interruption or breachingof any coloured inter layers Compared to aconventional structural glazing silicone theapplicable loads are impressive 15 tons fora ldquostandardrdquo SG - bolt fixing (eg 120mm)ndash instead of 15 tons The bolt size can be

significantly reduced for an almost invisiblestructural bond between glass and metal

The first project in Belgium Euridice has afaccedilade design with double glazed gas filledinsulating glass A nice example combininghigh technical functionality with a differentdesign

Point fixed structural glazing is only one ofmany more applications where crystal clearbonding provides nice design benefits There

is room for thoughts ndash just imagineDesign Freedom

Design versus Performance

Imagine Filigree faccediladedesigns reducing aluminumaspects

Euridice Feluy BelgiumCrystal Clear Bonding -Point Fixed StructuralGlazing with Dow Corning

reg TSSA




Design freedom enables architects to realizetheir vision Highest possible buildings filigreeconstruction slim designs specific shapes hightransparency maximum light transmissionlarge glass areas colour ndash all these elementscan be limited by increasingly stringent

technical requirements Global warming andclimatic changes drive efforts to reduce CO2 emissions and promote consideration of energyefficiency sustainability life cycle analysis andembodied energy

Durability is assumed to be a given along thewhole life cycle of a building whereas extremesin temperature wind earthquakes safetyprecautions and others challenge the ability ofarchitects to exercise creativity

Structural glazing is a proven and establishedtechnology which has been available formore than 45 years Structural silicones helpaddress these technical challenges enablehigh performance buildings and provideDesign Freedom

Ultimate Design Elements -

Transparency Shape amp Colour

If architects were to define ldquodesign freedomrdquoultimate transparency almost invisible subconstruction ultimate shape and colour

flexibility would likely be mentioned

Capital Gate in Abu Dhabi is just one examplewhere pure design is combined with hightechnical functionality

With a facade constructed from 23000 squaremeters of glass and steel the iconic CapitalGate is the worldrsquos most inclined high risebuilding It has 35 storeys is 160m tall and isthe centerpiece of the business and residentialCapital Centre development

The tower leans 18 degrees westward whichis 14 degrees more than the Leaning Tower ofPisa With floor plates that are staggered fromthe 10th floor up the building leans and twistslike a corkscrew as it reaches skywards creatingan image which looks different from everydirection

Apart from Building Design technicalrequirements and complexity is becomingmore and more important The Infrax Building(Picture 2) impressively combines both leading

to a structural bonding design withoutmechanical retention The construction of

an office warehouse and storage facility withimportant features of sustainability and lowenergy consumption was commissioned bythe West-Flanders Energy Company Covering4800 m983218 the building is configured on three

levels and incorporates a double skin facade toprovide high thermal insulation of the buildingshell and provide better acoustic insulationbetween the busy ring road and the offices

The extensive use of glass provides maximumtransparency and allows ample daylightto reach the building occupants whilst thewindows are set well back in the intelligentfaccedilade to shield them from direct sun radiation

Extraction and storage of energy from the soil

through the use of a borehole energy storagefield combined with a high performance water

pump powered by photovoltaic solar cellsintegrated in the facade is just one of the manysustainable characteristics of this remarkablestructure This provides low temperatureheating during the winter months

This sustainable and energy efficient designrequired fixation of the thermally efficientinsulating glass units in the ceiling andserigraphic glass panels on the external skinof the building facade

In order to permit such design versatility it wasnecessary to take into consideration the weightlimitations of the curtain wall and roofingstructure when selecting the method offixation whilst ensuring that the final aesthetic

appearance of the building remained withinthe architectsrsquo original vision

NFRAX Tournhout BelgiumDesign amp PeformanceColoured double-skin facadeStructurally glazed with Dow Corningtrade993 - No mechanical retention

Princess Elisabeth StationExtreme Performance Dow Corningtrade3362 structural sealant for insulating glassat -50degC














energy efficiency


































Insulating Glass






Movement



















New Generation of














reg TSSA














energy efficiency


































Insulating Glass






Movement



















New Generation of














reg TSSA




























Insulating Glass






Movement



















New Generation of














reg TSSA








Insulating Glass






Movement



















New Generation of














reg TSSA






New Generation of














reg TSSA

Documents

IGS June-Imagine Design Freedom